China backtracking on Arctic ambitions
China is expected to reshape its Arctic policy, backtracking on its ambition to become a major polar power by 2030, the South China Morning Post has reported, citing insiders. The shift comes amid intensified scrutiny from Arctic nations and the potential for US-Russia cooperation in the region.
Beijing first outlined its vision for a 'Polar Silk Road' in a 2018 white paper, positioning it as an extension of its Belt and Road Initiative. The plan implied increased access to the Arctic's abundant natural resources and an expanded role in the region's governance, the SCMP reported on Sunday.
However, China's self-designation as a 'near-Arctic state' – despite being 1,400km (870 miles) south of the Arctic Circle with no territorial claims in the region – faced pushback from Arctic nations, including Russia, which controls over half of the region's coastline and has long prioritized protecting its sovereignty, the article claimed.
'The Chinese interest was really first announced quite aggressively in the white paper [with] the term near-Arctic state that everybody seems to have had problems with,' the insider told the SCMP. China has since dropped the term, and there appears to be a retreat or a significantly reduced interest in the Arctic, the source added.
Beijing has reportedly shifted its focus on the development of heavy icebreakers and conducting polar research while downplaying its broader ambitions.
The development comes as the US and Russia have held discussions on potential economic cooperation in the Arctic as part of recent bilateral contacts.
Other observers note that Beijing's continued push for building heavy icebreakers indicates that its interest in the Arctic has not declined.
'I believe China is still very interested in many of the opportunities that exist to become more involved in Arctic science and commerce,' Duncan Depledge, an Arctic expert and lecturer in geopolitics and security at the UK's Loughborough University, told the outlet.
China's deepening partnership with Russia, reinforced by shared rivalry with the US over the past few years, led to a 'no-limits' partnership with Moscow, the report said.
However, US President Donald Trump's shift on Ukraine, pushing for a ceasefire and restoring ties with Moscow, has created uncertainty for Beijing, according to Depledge. Trump has shown interest in the Arctic, and a potential US-Russia deal on regional cooperation could follow negotiations on Ukraine.
China is likely to face challenges, especially if Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin strike an Arctic deal, according to Depledge. In such a scenario, Russia would have to decide whether to align with China, cooperate with Trump, or maintain a balance between the two, the expert added.
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