Selection of minor courses in Calicut University: demand to set up more Boards of Studies
Functionaries of the association said on Tuesday that the students pursuing these subjects as major (main) were at present forced to select minor courses from unrelated subjects because of the rules governing the FYUGP. This was happening because of the insistence of the authorities that the minor courses should be from a separate department and under a different BoS. A large number of students were being compelled to choose as minor courses subjects which they had not studied during their Plus Two courses.
In a memorandum to P. Raveendran, Vice-Chancellor, Senate members affiliated to the KPCTA demanded that the university take steps to constitute separate BoS for minor courses related to the 33 major programmes to solve the issue.
For example, there can be separate boards for the Bachelor of Commerce (BCom) programme and BCom (Professional) programme. It would help students who pursue normal BCom course choose minor courses from that stream. Likewise, separate boards can be set up for BA (Arabic) and BA (Functional Arabic) as well, they said.
Meanwhile, a six-member Syndicate committee appointed by the V-C to address the concerns of students related to the selection of minor courses is expected to submit its proposals later this week. The committee is reported to have suggested separate BoS for BA (Arabic) and BA (Functional Arabic) and for BA (Music) and programmes in Violin, Veena and Mridangam. However, it is also of the opinion that having BoS in all the 33 programmes could be impractical.
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Indian Express
2 days ago
- Indian Express
Daily subject-wise quiz : International Relations MCQs on African Union, Khmer Kingdom and more (Week 121)
UPSC Essentials brings to you its initiative of subject-wise quizzes. These quizzes are designed to help you revise some of the most important topics from the static part of the syllabus. Attempt today's subject quiz on International Relations to check your progress. 🚨 Click Here to read the UPSC Essentials magazine for July 2025. Share your views and suggestions in the comment box or at With reference to the African Union (AU), consider the following statements: 1. The AU's secretariat, the African Union Commission, is based in Nairobi. 2. The official languages of the Union and all its institutions are only Arabic and French. 3. It was officially established in 2002 as the successor of the Organisation of African Unity. How many of the statements given above are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Explanation — The African Union (AU) is an intergovernmental organisation of the 55 member states located on the continent of Africa. — It was officially established in 2002 as the successor of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU, 1963-1999). Hence, statement 3 is correct. — The African Union Commission, the organization's secretariat, is headquartered in Addis Ababa. The organisation has a combined GDP of $3 trillion and 1.4 billion people. Hence, statement 1 is not correct. — However, its primary goal was to assist in the liberation of the continent's colonial countries. To accomplish this, the OAU mobilised diplomatic support and gave logistical assistance to liberation movements throughout Africa. — The official languages of the Union and its institutions will be Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Kiswahili, and any other African language. Hence, statement 2 is not correct. Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer. (Other Source: With reference to the World Economic Outlook, consider the following statements: 1. It provides a comprehensive picture of the global economy as well as details of individual countries. 2. It is published by the World Bank once every two years. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Explanation — The International Monetary Fund (IMF) released the latest update of its World Economic Outlook (WEO). The IMF has 191 member countries, and its overall goal is to strive for their 'sustainable growth and prosperity'. It does so by fostering international trade, economic growth, and policies that encourage countries to cooperate, especially when it comes to monetary policy. The IMF releases the WEO twice every year, in April and October, apart from updating it twice — in January and July. Hence, statement 2 is not correct. — The WEO is the IMF's benchmark publication as it provides a comprehensive picture of the global economy as well as details of individual countries. Hence, statement 1 is correct. — The broader message is captured by the title of the update — 'Global Economy: Tenuous Resilience amid Persistent Uncertainty'. There are two main takeaways for the state of the global economy. — First, the global economy has proven to be resilient, albeit tenuous, and second, the outlook is plagued by persistent uncertainty. Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer. Consider the following statements: 1. Until July 20, this country was the 58th largest economy in the world. A day later, it rose three spots to the 55th rank, overtaking Ukraine, Qatar, and Hungary in the process as it added more than $50 billion, or roughly 30 per cent of its GDP, in 2024. 2. This is not the first time this country has seen such a huge increase in its GDP due to the base year revision. More than a decade ago, change in the base year from 1990 to 2010 had helped propel this nation to the position of Africa's largest economy thanks to an even-larger 89 per cent increase in the GDP to $510 billion in 2014. The above mentioned statements refer to: (a) Sudan (b) Nigeria (c) Tanzania (d) South Africa Explanation — On July 21, Nigeria's National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) published the results of its GDP rebasing exercise, which saw the base year of the indicator being updated to 2019 from 2010, among other changes. Nigeria's GDP in 2024 is now estimated at $243 billion in nominal terms, up from $187 billion forecast by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). — Nigeria's base-year revision exercise included other more meaningful changes in the manner in which the African nation calculates the GDP. This included increasing the scope of its methodology to include previously undercounted sectors such as digital services, pension fund operations, and e-commerce activities, among others. — This is not the first time Nigeria has seen such a huge increase in its GDP due to the base year revision. More than a decade ago, change in the base year from 1990 to 2010 had helped propel Nigeria to the position of Africa's largest economy thanks to an even-larger 89 per cent increase in the GDP to $510 billion in 2014. Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer. With reference to the places in news and the region associated, consider the following statements: 1. Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant – Iran 2. Sochi – Russia 3. Oaxaca region – Brazil How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched? 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(a) International Energy Agency (b) International Renewable Energy Agency (c) World Energy Council (d) International Atomic Energy Agency Explanation — The International Atomic Energy Agency is the world's central intergovernmental forum for scientific and technical cooperation in the nuclear field. — It promotes the safe, secure, and peaceful use of nuclear science and technology, therefore contributing to world peace and security and the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. — The IAEA, often known as the 'Atoms for Peace and Development' organisation within the United Nations family, is the international centre for nuclear cooperation. Therefore, option (d) is the correct answer. (Source: The Khmer Kingdom, which reached its political peak in the 12th and 13th centuries, encompassed which of these countries or portions of present-day countries? 1. Cambodia 2. Thailand 3. Laos 4. Vietnam 5. Myanmar Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) 1, 2, 3, 4 only (b) 2, 3, 4 and 5 only (c) 1, 2 and 5 only (d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 Explanation — One of the conflicts drawing global attention in 2025 is the dispute between the Southeast Asian neighbours — Thailand and Cambodia. At its core lies a border. Stretching across 508 miles, this boundary was drawn when France occupied Cambodia in the late eighteenth century. — Cambodia is situated in mainland Southeast Asia, with Thailand to the west and Vietnam to the east. It shares its northeastern border with Laos. The ethnic majority of Cambodia, the Khmers, reached their political peak in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, when the Khmer kingdom of Angkor encompassed portions of what are now Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Myanmar. Since the thirteenth century, however, this stronghold steadily weakened. Therefore, option (d) is the correct answer. Recently, Chin State was in the news due to a faceoff between two anti-military forces. Which country is this referring to? (a) Cambodia (b) Philippines (c) Thailand (d) Myanmar Explanation — Around 4,000 new refugees from Myanmar have entered Mizoram over the past few days following a renewed outbreak of fighting in the neighbouring country's Chin State. — The Chin State in Myanmar has been witnessing a faceoff between two anti-military junta forces – the Chin National Defence Force (CNDF) and the Chinland Defence Force (CDF) Hualnogram – since July 2. As a result, thousands of residents have streamed into Mizoram's Champhai district. Therefore, option (d) is the correct answer. The 'Two-State Solution,' often seen in news, refers to: (a) Division of the Korean Peninsula into North Korea and South Korea as two sovereign nations. (b) Creation of two independent states for Israelis and Palestinians living side-by-side in peace and security. (c) Separation of Sudan and South Sudan into two independent republics following a UN-mediated referendum. (d) Division of Cyprus into Greek and Turkish parts under a UN-brokered peace deal. Explanation — The Two-State Solution refers specifically to the proposal that Israel and Palestine should exist as two independent, sovereign states, coexisting peacefully within mutually agreed and secure borders. — This solution is supported by the United Nations and most of the international community, including India, as reaffirmed at the UN high-level conference in July 2025. — India stated that it's time to move from paper solutions to practical implementation through diplomatic dialogue. Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer. Daily Subject-wise quiz — History, Culture, and Social Issues (Week 119) Daily subject-wise quiz — Polity and Governance (Week 121) Daily subject-wise quiz — Science and Technology (Week 121) Daily subject-wise quiz — Economy (Week 121) Daily subject-wise quiz — Environment and Geography (Week 121) Daily subject-wise quiz – International Relations (Week 120) Subscribe to our UPSC newsletter and stay updated with the news cues from the past week. Stay updated with the latest UPSC articles by joining our Telegram channel – IndianExpress UPSC Hub, and follow us on Instagram and X. Manas Srivastava is currently working as Senior Copy Editor with The Indian Express (digital) and leads a unique initiative of IE - UPSC Essentials. He majorly writes on UPSC, other competitive exams and education-related projects. In the past, Manas has represented India at the G-20 Youth Summit in Mexico. He is a former member of the Youth Council, GOI. A two-time topper/gold medallist in History (both in graduation and post-graduation) from Delhi University, he has mentored and taught UPSC aspirants for more than five years. His diverse role in The Indian Express consists of writing, editing, anchoring/ hosting, interviewing experts, and curating and simplifying news for the benefit of students. He hosts the YouTube talk show called 'Art and Culture with Devdutt Pattanaik' and a LIVE series on Instagram and YouTube called 'LIVE with Manas'.His talks on 'How to read a newspaper' focus on newspaper reading as an essential habit for students. His articles and videos aim at finding solutions to the general queries of students and hence he believes in being students' editor, preparing them not just for any exam but helping them to become informed citizens. This is where he makes his teaching profession meet journalism. He is also the editor of UPSC Essentials' monthly magazine for the aspirants. He is a recipient of the Dip Chand Memorial Award, the Lala Ram Mohan Prize and Prof. Papiya Ghosh Memorial Prize for academic excellence. He was also awarded the University's Post-Graduate Scholarship for pursuing M.A. in History where he chose to specialise in Ancient India due to his keen interest in Archaeology. He has also successfully completed a Certificate course on Women's Studies by the Women's Studies Development Centre, DU. As a part of N.S.S in the past, Manas has worked with national and international organisations and has shown keen interest and active participation in Social Service. He has led and been a part of projects involving areas such as gender sensitisation, persons with disability, helping slum dwellers, environment, adopting our heritage programme. He has also presented a case study on 'Psychological stress among students' at ICSQCC- Sri Lanka. As a compere for seminars and other events he likes to keep his orating hobby alive. His interests also lie in International Relations, Governance, Social issues, Essays and poetry. ... Read More
Indian Express
4 days ago
- Indian Express
Hamas armed wing releases video of Israeli-German hostage held in Gaza
The armed wing of the Palestinian militant group Hamas has released a new video showing an Israeli-German man taken hostage during the October 2023 attack that triggered the ongoing war in Gaza. The six-minute video, shared on Thursday, features the hostage, identified as Rom Braslavski, speaking in Hebrew and calling on the Israeli government to help secure his release. He is also shown watching Arabic-language television reports on the worsening food crisis in Gaza. AFP and several Israeli outlets identified the man as Braslavski, a dual national from Jerusalem. He had been working as a security agent at the Nova music festival, one of the sites attacked during the October assault. At the start of the footage, Hamas's armed wing claims it has lost contact with Braslavski, repeating a statement it made last week. This suggests the video may have been recorded earlier. A previous video of Braslavski was released on 16 April. Witnesses say that before being abducted, he helped rescue several festival attendees during the attack. According to the Israeli military, 251 people were taken hostage during the October 2023 raid into southern Israel. Of those, 49 remain in Gaza, including 27 believed to be dead. Israel launched a military campaign in Gaza following the attack. A temporary ceasefire earlier this year, from January 19 to March 17, led to the release of 33 hostages eight of whom were dead in exchange for the release of around 1,800 Palestinian prisoners. Braslavski's video was released by a group designated as a terrorist organisation by the United States and the European Union.
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Business Standard
4 days ago
- Business Standard
Israeli military intel goes back to basics with focus on spies, not tech
Humiliated by the Hamas attack that devastated Israel 22 months ago, the country's military intelligence agency is undergoing a reckoning. The service is making profound changes, including reviving an Arabic-language recruitment program for high school students and training all troops in Arabic and Islam. The plan is to rely less on technology and instead build a cadre of spies and analysts with a broad knowledge of dialects — Yemeni, Iraqi, Gazan — as well as a firm grasp of radical Islamic doctrines and discourse. Every part of Israel's security establishment has been engaged in a process of painful self-examination since October 7, 2023, when thousands of Hamas operatives entered Israel from Gaza, killing 1,200 and abducting 250 others — and setting off a brutal war in which an estimated 60,000 people have been killed, according to the Hamas-run health ministry, with many more going hungry. Yet even as debate continues about who was at fault and how much Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu knew in advance of the attacks, the intelligence branch has accepted the brunt of the blame. The agency had a 'fundamental misunderstanding' of Hamas ideology and its concrete plans, said a military intelligence officer, laying out the changes and speaking under standard military anonymity. While the service was aware of Hamas' scheme to capture military bases and civilian communities near Gaza, even watching militants rehearse in plain sight, the assessment was that they were fantasizing. Analysts concluded that the Iran-backed Islamist group was content in its role as ruler, pacified by foreign donations and well-paid work for some Gazans in Israel. The failure to meet the enemy on its own terms is one that Israel's security apparatus is determined never to repeat. 'If more Israelis could read Hamas newspapers and listen to their radio,' said Michael Milshtein, who heads Palestinian studies at Tel Aviv University's Dayan Center, 'they'd understand Hamas was not deterred and was seeking jihad.' The renewed focus on language and religious training represents what the intelligence officer calls 'a deep cultural shift' in an organization where even top officers rely on translations. The aim, the person said, is to create an internal culture 'that lives and breathes how our enemy thinks.' Yet Milshtein and others say that for this to succeed, it will require significant, society-wide changes. Although Arabic is offered in public schools, most Israelis study English instead. Silicon Valley looms large for ambitious young people, who learn little about countries only a few hours away. The challenge lies in convincing Israelis to focus more on the region — its cultures, languages and threats — and less on global opportunities. Israel grew comfortable and rich seeing itself as part of the West, the thinking goes, when it needs to survive in the Middle East. That hasn't always been the case. In the first decades of its existence, Israel had a large population of Jews who'd emigrated from Arabic-speaking countries. The nation was poor and surrounded by hostile neighbors with sizable armies, so survival was on everyone's mind. Many of these emigres put their skills to use in the intelligence service, including Eli Cohen, who famously reached the highest echelons of the Syrian government before he was caught and executed in the 1960s. (He was recently played by Sacha Baron Cohen in the Netflix hit The Spy.) Today, Egypt and Jordan have peace treaties with Israel, and Lebanon and Syria are weak states with little capacity to challenge Israeli might. The supply of native Arabic speakers has dwindled. Israelis whose grandparents came from Iraq, Syria and Yemen don't speak Arabic, and Israel's two million Arab citizens aren't required to serve in the military. Some Arabic-speaking Druze do go into intelligence, but they make up less than two percent of the population. As part of the intelligence changes, the service is reviving a program it shut down six years ago which encourages high school students to study Arabic, and plans to broaden its training in dialects. The officer mentioned that eavesdroppers were having trouble making out what Yemeni Houthis were saying because many were chewing khat, a narcotic shrub consumed in the afternoon. So older Yemeni Israelis are being recruited to help. It's also channeling resources into a once-sidelined unit whose function is to challenge mainstream intelligence conclusions by promoting unconventional thinking. The unit's work is colloquially known by an Aramaic phrase from the Talmud — Ipcha Mistabra — or 'the reverse may be reasonable.' More broadly, the service is moving away from technology and towards a deeper reliance on human intelligence — such as planting undercover agents in the field and building up the interrogations unit. This breaks with a shift over the past decade towards working with data from satellite imagery and drones, and goes hand-in-hand with another change that was made after Oct. 7. While the country's borders used to be monitored by sensor-equipped fences and barriers, the military is now deploying more boots on the ground. These new approaches will not only require more people, said Ofer Guterman, a former officer in military intelligence currently at the Institute for the Research of the Methodology of Intelligence, but people who are 'more alert to different arenas.' Prior to the Hamas attack, he said, 'there was a national perception that the big threats were behind us, except an Iranian nuclear weapon.' Now that that has been proven false, he believes that Israel needs 'to rebuild our intelligence culture.' To explain what this might look like, he distinguishes between uncovering a secret and solving a mystery. At exposing a secret — where is a certain leader hiding? — Israel has been excellent, as shown by its wiping out of the Hezbollah leadership in Lebanon last fall. At unravelling a mystery — what is that leader planning? — it has lost its way. Acquiring the kind of knowledge needed for this requires deep commitment to humanistic studies — literature, history and culture. And he worries that Israeli students have developed a contempt for the rich cultures of their neighbors. That too, he says, has to change. At the same time, not everyone is persuaded that the planned changes are the right ones. Dan Meridor, a former strategic affairs minister under Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu who wrote a landmark study of Israel's security needs two decades ago, says the wrong conclusions are being drawn from the Hamas attack. 'The failure of October 7 wasn't a lack of knowledge of the verses in the Koran and Arabic dialect,' he says. Rather, he believes that Israel is viewing its neighbors only through the lens of hostility. 'It's not more intelligence that we need,' he added, 'it's more dialogue and negotiation.'
