State sees 47% surge in marine fish production amid national decline
While India's total marine fish output dropped nearly 2%, from 3.53 million tons in 2023 to 3.47 million tons in 2024, Maharashtra's landings rose from 2.11 lakh tons to 3.11 lakh tons, the highest increase among all coastal states.
In contrast, Gujarat retained its lead in total landings at 754,000 tons, followed by Tamil Nadu (679,000 tons) and Kerala (610,000 tons). Western coastal states such as Karnataka, Goa, and the UT of Daman & Diu recorded production declines, while West Bengal (35%), Tamil Nadu (20%), and Odisha (18%) on the eastern coast reported growth.
In Maharashtra, landings of shrimps and cephalopods (squids, octopus, cuttlefish) doubled in 2024. The majority of the catch came from mechanised purse seines, followed by multi-day trawl nets and mechanised dol nets. Mumbai city district contributed 33% of the state's total catch, thanks to its two major harbours, while Ratnagiri accounted for 25%. Among harbours, Sassoon Docks New recorded the highest landings at 16%.
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Experts say the spike cannot be credited solely to government policy. Aggressive and even illegal fishing methods, including the use of LED lighting to attract premature catch, have played a role. Since Dec 2024, the office of state fisheries minister Nitesh Rane has initiated strict action against such practices. Measures include drone surveillance to monitor coastal waters and detect unauthorised fishing, particularly by out-of-state operators and those using banned LED lights.
These interventions have shown positive results within five months.
Nationwide, the CMFRI tracked 250,000 fishing trips in 2024. Mechanised boats landed an average of 2,959 kg per trip, compared to 174 kg for motorised and 41 kg for non-motorised boats. Natural disruptions like cyclones Dana, Fungal, Remal, and Asna, along with heatwaves in Andhra Pradesh and Kerala, significantly affected fishing activities.
In Maharashtra, Indian mackerel (bangda) led the catch with 293,000 tons, followed by sardines (241,000 tons). Other key species included anchovies (pedve) and silver bellies (mandyali).
CMFRI data also revealed national trends: while catches of mackerel, ribbonfish, threadfin breams, oil sardines, non-penaeid shrimp, and cephalopods declined in 2024, catch of small sardines, penaeid shrimp, anchovies, and tunas increased.
Overall, west coast landings declined except in Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh, while the east coast showed modest gains.
Senior fisheries experts say Maharashtra should learn from Gujarat's sustainable fishing model. Though both states share similar marine geography, Maharashtra trails Gujarat by 4 million tons in fish trade. Fish like pomfrets (Paplet) and black-spotted croakers (Ghol) migrate between the two states' waters because of ecological interdependence.
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