Tending our own garden
Voltaire satirises the optimistic philosophy of his companion Pangloss, who represents theodicy, the view of Gottfried Leibniz, a German philosopher, who sought to rationalise suffering and evil as part of a divine design. Voltaire dismantles this view by exposing Candide and his companions to a series of disasters - earthquakes, wars, disease, slavery, betrayal and human cruelty.
Candide's garden is a symbol of personal labour, responsibility and engagement with the real world. Voltaire suggests that fulfilment lies not in understanding why suffering exists, but in actively working to reduce it in whatever ways we can.
In this light, the phrase is both a rejection of blind optimism and an embrace of enlightened pragmatism. Thus, 'we must cultivate our garden' is a refutation of passive optimism and a call to action. It is an invitation to engage meaningfully with life, find dignity in work, and create value in a world that may not offer any guarantees.
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