UK unveils bill to stop capital outflow
The UK has unveiled a sweeping and controversial plan to force pension funds to invest more heavily in domestic assets in the face of fiscal strain and ratcheting geopolitical pressure.
Legislation to consolidate local pension schemes into 'megafunds' of at least £25 billion by 2030 is being framed by the government as a strategy to boost infrastructure, energy projects, and job creation.
Since 2012, UK pension fund investments in British companies have plummeted from over 50% to just 20% in 2023, with fund managers seeking higher returns abroad.
Chancellor Rachel Reeves insists the reforms will ensure 'better returns for workers' while strengthening strategic sectors like clean energy. However, industry figures have pushed back. Aviva CEO Amanda Blanc described the plan as 'using a sledgehammer to crack a nut,' warning it could clash with pension trustees' fiduciary duty to maximize returns.
The initiative comes as the Labour government faces deepening political and economic challenges, including declining support, soaring public debt, and a widening rift with long-time ally the US.
Labour's support has dropped by more than 12 points since the July 2024 election – the steepest post-election fall in four decades. The rise of Reform UK, led by Nigel Farage, has further disrupted the traditional political landscape dominated by two parties.
The national debt now exceeds 95% of GDP, among the highest levels since the early 1960s. Economists attribute the surge to pandemic-era spending, energy price shocks, and a sustained rise in borrowing.
London also recently announced plans to increase defense expenditure to 2.5% of GDP by 2027, in line with NATO targets and renewed US pressure for greater European contributions amid the Ukraine conflict. The UK has been one of the staunchest backers of Kiev, giving it billions in military and financial support.
British pension funds have also historically invested heavily in the US, particularly in large-cap technology stocks such as Apple, Amazon, and Microsoft. But recent shifts, including new US tariffs under President Donald Trump and diverging approaches to Ukraine, have prompted many UK pension managers to reassess their exposure to American markets.
The pension reform bill is expected to reach Parliament before the summer recess.
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