Broccoli sandwich causes deadly botulism outbreak in Italy: What is this disease?
UNDERSTANDING BOTULISMBotulism is a rare but life-threatening illness caused by neurotoxins produced by Clostridium botulinum. These toxins target the nervous system, leading to symptoms such as blurred vision, dry mouth, difficulty swallowing or speaking, descending muscle paralysis, and respiratory failure.Without rapid medical intervention, the condition can be fatal, in about 5% to 10% of cases.According to the World Health Organisation, "Clostridium botulinum is a bacterium that produces dangerous toxins (botulinum toxins) under low-oxygen conditions."HOW DOES BOTULISM SPREAD?It typically arises from consuming improperly preserved or canned foods. Low-acid environments—like vegetables stored in oil or water—are especially prone to allowing C. botulinum spores to thrive and produce toxin. The broccoli sandwiches in this outbreak likely became contaminated through such preservation errors.WHY IS IT SO DANGEROUS?Botulism's symptoms can escalate rapidly and are often non-specific at first, leading to delayed diagnosis.The toxin's paralysis effect can compromise breathing, demanding urgent access to mechanical ventilation and antitoxin. The lack of readily available antidote in hospitals can also heighten the risk.RISKS IN 'HEALTHY' MEALSPerception vs. reality: Foods like broccoli, especially viewed as nutritious, can pose serious risks if improperly processed. Preservation in oil, albeit common in home-style or artisanal preparations, can inadvertently create a breeding ground for C. botulinum.Proper food storage, especially in low-acid or anaerobic conditions, is vital. Even small-scale or seemingly safe preparations must adhere to stringent hygiene and preservation standards.In India, botulism is often associated with babies, wherein honey is fed to toddlers less than 12 months, as part of a tradition in some cultures. Honey, too, contains the can causing botulism, leading to inflammation, which can then attack the body's nerves.- Ends
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