Why China's US$40 monthly subsidy for every new baby is a big deal

South China Morning Post

04-08-2025

The Chinese government's decision to provide a monthly subsidy of 300 yuan (US$40) to every newborn baby for three years marks an extraordinary turn in Beijing's population policy. In a historical sense, it should be remembered as one of the most important moments in China's social and economic policymaking.
For many Chinese, memories of the state taking for granted China's overpopulation problem are still fresh in their mind. After all, the country had implemented its infamous one-child policy for nearly four decades, covering about two generations of Chinese.
The Chinese government had in the past offered incentives for parents who followed the one-child policy, but the financial reward was often only a couple of dollars – or about 15 yuan per month. Instead, the family planning regime was largely designed to punish those who violated the one-child mandate. An 'unauthorised' birth could lead to dismissal from jobs at government institutions, schools and hospitals.
Meanwhile, hefty financial fines – which were determined as a multiple of a household's annual income – were imposed. In a widely reported case in 2014, Chinese film director Zhang Yimou was fined around US$1 million for having three kids. The fining policy was only officially abolished in 2021.
First-grade students hold up cards with the character 'ren' meaning 'person' during an initiation ceremony to learn about traditional Chinese culture at a primary school in Anlong county, Guizhou province on August 28, 2023. Photo: AFP
The punishment for 'excessive births' was based on an assumption that people, particularly too many people, were a liability instead of an asset for the state's economic and social agenda. In a more philosophical sense, human beings were treated as a means to serve certain ends.
Bloated fears about a population explosion, a theory that was in fashion globally in the 1970s, had helped China roll out birth control policies swiftly, and the country's centralised administration system translated that fear into an efficient machine to cut the fertility rate.