
Len Doyal obituary
He was appointed professor of medical ethics and law there in 1996 and became the first non-medical honorary consultant in a British hospital. Much in demand as a bridge between ethics and hands-on medicine, he became a longstanding member of the BMA ethics committee, before retiring in 2000.
Len was born in the US, in Atlanta, Georgia, to Thomas, who was director of transportation for the state of Georgia, and Muriel (nee Pendley), a homemaker. After completing a degree in philosophy at Georgia State University he won a Fulbright scholarship to further study the subject under Karl Popper at the London School of Economics. It was a momentous journey from the Jim Crow South to the court of a legendary figure in the philosophy of science, but sadly he found many of Popper's ideas almost as problematic as those that he had left behind.
Not wishing to return to the US, in 1968 Len found refuge in teaching philosophy at Middlesex Polytechnic (now University) and there met Lesley Coates, a fellow academic whom he married in 1973. Over the years, as Lesley rose to be a professor of health studies, they also cooperated academically, writing joint articles and books, including Living With HIV and Dying With Aids (2013).
Their house in Finsbury Park, north London, was a convivial meeting point for feminist and leftwing groups and it was there that I first met Len at the founding of the journal Critical Social Policy. Our book, A Theory of Human Need (1991), was awarded both the Isaac Deutscher and Gunnar Myrdal prizes. Working through those ideas together in the 1980s was a joy and a useful antidote to the prevailing Thatcherite tide. Among his other books were Clinical Ethics: Theory and Practice (2011) and Informed Consent in Medical Research (2000), the latter of which he co-edited.
After 22 years at Middlesex Polytechnic, Len moved to teach medical ethics at Barts and the Royal London Hospital Medical School, where he was consistently popular with students, who elected him staff president of the student union for five consecutive years.
He was always willing to engage positively and sensitively with those who disagreed with him, yet his determination to explore the most basic of ethical dilemmas did sometimes cause upset. The most notable of his controversial positions was his argument that non-voluntary euthanasia should be legal under certain limited circumstances.
In his spare time Len played the guitar and loved the American canon of popular music from the 60s onwards.
He is survived by Lesley, their children, Daniel and Hannah, and four grandchildren.
Hashtags

Try Our AI Features
Explore what Daily8 AI can do for you:
Comments
No comments yet...
Related Articles


The Independent
43 minutes ago
- The Independent
Ozempic price slashed following Donald Trump's demand
Novo Nordisk is making its popular diabetes drug Ozempic available to American patients for $499 per month, roughly half its standard price, provided they pay in cash. Ozempic, scientifically known as semaglutide, is also sold as the weight-loss medication Wegovy and has significantly transformed diabetes and obesity treatments globally. The price reduction comes after Donald Trump criticised the high cost of GLP-1 agonists in the US, claiming he would drastically cut prescription drug prices. Trump has previously accused European nations of unfairly burdening American patients with drug costs due to their healthcare systems' bargaining power. While pharmaceutical companies are exploring ways to lower drug prices, Trump's proposed tariffs could potentially increase the cost of US drugs manufactured abroad.


The Independent
43 minutes ago
- The Independent
Jannik Sinner's preparations for US Open defence dealt a blow
Jannik Sinner retired from the Cincinnati Open final against Carlos Alcaraz after just five games due to illness. The World No 1 apologised to the crowd, explaining he had felt unwell since the previous day, with his condition worsening on the day of the match. Sinner's early retirement raises concerns about his fitness for the upcoming US Open, particularly his singles campaign, though he confirmed it was illness rather than injury. His participation in the new-look US Open mixed doubles tournament, where he was scheduled to partner Katerina Siniakova, is now uncertain.


The Independent
2 hours ago
- The Independent
‘Mount Everest air' could hold key to reversing Parkinson's symptoms, study finds
A low- oxygen environment similar to the air around Mount Everest 's base camp could be key to tackling and even reversing Parkinson's disease, a new study suggests. The research, published in the journal Nature Neuroscience, shows that faulty cellular processes in the brain cause a build-up of excess oxygen molecules, leading to Parkinson's symptoms. The excess oxygen appears to drive the breakdown of cells in the brain, suggesting that limiting oxygen intake could help slow or reverse symptoms, say researchers from Harvard Medical School. Parkinson's patients experience a progressive loss of neurons in the brain, leading to tremors and slowed movements, with the disease affecting over 10 million people worldwide. Neurons affected by Parkinson's also tend to accumulate toxic protein clumps called Lewy bodies, with some research suggesting that these clumps interfere with the function of mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell, . Anecdotal case studies have shown that people with Parkinson's seem to fare better at high altitudes. 'Based on this evidence, we became very interested in the effect of hypoxia on Parkinson's disease,' said study author Fumito Ichinose. 'We first saw that low oxygen could alleviate brain-related symptoms in some rare diseases where mitochondria are affected, such as Leigh syndrome and Friedreich's ataxia... That raised the question: Could the same be true in more common neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's?' said Vamsi Mootha, another author of the study. In the research, scientists induced Parkinson's-like conditions in mice by injecting them with clumps of the α-synuclein proteins that seed the formation of Lewy bodies. They then split the mice into two groups – one breathing normal air with 21 per cent oxygen, and the other continuously housed in chambers with 11 per cent oxygen, comparable to living at an altitude of about 4,800 metres (16,000 ft). Researchers found that just three months after receiving the α-synuclein protein injections, mice breathing normal air had high levels of Lewy bodies, dead neurons, and severe movement problems. On the other hand, the mice kept in low-oxygen conditions didn't lose any neurons and showed no movement problems, despite developing Lewy bodies. The results show that while hypoxia couldn't stop the formation of Lewy bodies, it was protecting neurons from the damaging effects of these protein clumps. Researchers hope the findings could serve as a new way to interpret and treat Parkinson's without targeting α-synuclein or Lewy bodies. Scientists also found that the low-oxygen treatment still worked even when hypoxia was introduced six weeks after the injection, when symptoms were already appearing. After six weeks, the mice's motor skills rebounded, their anxiety-like behaviours faded, and the loss of neurons in the brain stopped, researchers found. When scientists analysed the brain cells of the mice, they discovered that mice with Parkinson's symptoms had much higher levels of oxygen in some parts of the brain than control mice and those that had breathed low-oxygen air. They suspect the excess oxygen likely resulted from mitochondrial dysfunction. With the damaged cell powerhouses unable to use oxygen efficiently, oxygen was building up to damaging levels, researchers say. 'Too much oxygen in the brain turns out to be toxic. By reducing the overall oxygen supply, we're cutting off the fuel for that damage,' Dr Mootha said. Scientists are working on 'hypoxia in a pill' drugs which mimic the effects of low oxygen to treat disorders stemming from mitochondrial dysfunction. But while the results are encouraging, researchers caution that more research is needed before the findings can be directly used to treat Parkinson's in humans. 'It may not be a treatment for all types of it's a powerful concept – one that might shift how we think about treating some of these diseases,' Dr Mootha said.