Ignored by Trump and menaced by Putin, the UK turns to the EU for defensive ties
Donald Trump's isolationism and Vladimir Putin's menace leaves post-Brexit Britain in a delicate position. While the combination of US disengagement from Europe and the reality of Russian aggression has forced a reappraisal of security across the continent, Britain's half in, half out status makes for complications.
Prime minister Keir Starmer wanted to showcase Britain's credentials as a European military leader on Thursday, first with a visit to the Barrow shipyard where nuclear submarines are built and then to look into a meeting of 30-plus military chiefs, mostly from Europe, as they discuss how to create a post-war stabilisation force for Ukraine.
Yet the message was somewhat undermined by the EU's announcement a day earlier that it would set up a €150bn defence investment lending scheme, from which the UK (and the US) would simply be excluded, because it is not a member and does not have an associate or special status like Norway or Ukraine.
In reality, the apparent bar is not quite so serious, as long as the two sides agree a defence and security pact soon. Labour has been pushing for a defence treaty with the bloc since before the election, and the hope is that negotiations will conclude in time for an EU-UK summit in May, which would give the UK partial access to the scheme.
The initial EU proposal – pushed hard by France, despite close Anglo-French working over the Ukraine stabilisation force – is that British manufacturers will then only be able to access 35% of the money available. That proportion is not set, however, and a successful negotiation may see an increase for the UK, or some other exception.
It will be a test for Labour, which has brought some sanity to the UK's relationship with the EU but not otherwise sought to redraw the post-Brexit settlement. Under the Conservatives, the UK military pulled out of missions like the EU's EUFOR peacekeeping mission in Bosnia amid fears that British soldiers would have to wear an operational badge with an EU flag on.
A key element of Labour's forthcoming defence review was always going to be developing the arms industry to promote economic growth, even before the US defense secretary, Pete Hegseth, declared last month that Washington was no longer 'primarily focused' on defending Europe and Trump began his telephone diplomacy with Putin, with the two men discussing the fate of Ukraine.
The numbers working in defence are not necessarily large – 147,500 according to the ADS trade body – but 70% of defence jobs are outside London and the south east. Manufacturing sites also make a critical contribution to local economies, in shipyards like Barrow or Rosyth on the Forth in Scotland, or at airfields such as Warton and Samlesbury in Lancashire, and trade unions heavily invested in their success.
But the events of last month have given the European defence effort a far greater urgency. Though Britain has always split its procurement between the UK, US and partners in Europe, the sight of Trump stopping military aid to Ukraine and halting intelligence sharing with almost no notice has not been attractive.
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High tech US weapons given to Ukraine such as the Himars rocket launcher or the F-16 fighter jet appear to have lost key elements of functionality. In the alarm that followed, the makers of the US F-35 jet were even forced to put out a statement saying 'there is no kill switch' that the US could operate remotely at a moment's notice, though a more realistic concern is that without continuing US logistics and software support, an F-35 would become unusable quickly.
The history of Anglo-American military cooperation is so long and deep that it hard to imagine it falling apart in a crisis even with Trump in the White House. But long term military planning is also about contingency and what Britain needs is to deepen its security and defence industrial relationship with Europe not as an alternative but in parallel with its relationship with the US.
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Residents living in the quintessentially British community of Burley have lashed out over the unauthorised development on the outskirts of the village. Those behind the project have been accused of shamelessly flouting planning rules by paving over part of a field and installing a number of caravans and mobile homes. It's led to a months-long row, with a judgement on whether a retrospective planning application to allow it to stay or not, set to be made in a matter of weeks. However, it has sparked a fierce backlash, with one ex-minister raging those behind the scheme should have their 'civil rights... forfeited' over the flagrant rule break. One villager fumed: 'The travellers have shown complete disregard for the community... It's a level of disrespect. They have come in and destroyed protected lands without permission.' The woodland idyll, nestled between Southampton and Bournemouth, is home to about 1,350 people and is heavily reliant on tourism in the summer. It has no railway station, one primary school, a village shop and a sporadic bus service. Those living there are fiercely protective of their historic home's unspoilt, natural surroundings and have been left outraged by the gypsy development. The site, on a former pony field off Ringwood Road, was converted without permission several weeks ago. It's a stone's throw away from the luxury Burley Manor hotel, which is a medieval Grade II-listed building. Those on the camp have since submitted a retrospective planning bid for two static caravans, two touring caravans, parking, bin and cycle stores, e-bike charging points, boundary fencing, and an extension of existing hardstanding. MailOnline understands the site is home to two families, who own the land. The proposals - which are yet to be decided by the New Forest National Park Authority (NFNPA) - triggered a furious response, with dozens of objections lodged. Local Tory MP Sir Desmond Swayne is also among those attacking the development, which he says had 'alarmed' his constituents. 'It's not been helped by the rather aggressive sign put up, that strikes fear into the community,' he added. 'What sort of people are these, who are putting up this intimidatory sign telling people to 'keep out' or the dogs will get you'?' A deadline for a decision on the application is July 2 - however, officials at the NFNPA hope to have made a judgement before this date. However, former minister Sir Desmond feared the controversial scheme could be approved on the basis of 'human rights', allowing travellers to remain on the land instead of dismantling all the work that has already been undertaken there. Hitting out, the New Forest West MP told MailOnline: 'When you break the law you should forfeit your civil rights. Breaches in the law – even in planning regulations - should not be whipped through on the basis of human rights.' The application has been submitted by Michael Chalk and Tom Butler, who live on the site with their families. Planning consultant Tony White, who is representing the pairs' development bid, told MailOnline: 'Nationally councils have persistently failed to meet the statutory obligations to provide sites and pitches to meet the identified needs of gypsies and travellers. 'Faced with tougher policing powers to prevent roadside stopping, many gypsies and travellers feel they have no choice but to move on to their own privately-owned land before obtaining planning permission and are often forced to do so because of prejudice they encounter when roadside. 'The site prior to the two young families moving on, consisted of a brick built stable bock, large area of hardstanding and paddocks, they have carried out very little work to facilitate the occupation of the site, all of which can and will be removed should they be unsuccessful in the planning process. 'It is recognised that some residents will have concerns about the change or by travellers moving in nearby, but Mr Chalk and Mr Butler have in large part been made to feel very welcome in the village and are looking forward to their children attending the local schools and the families integrating with the settled community. 'Mr Buttler would like to add that they wish to reassure those residents who have expressed to the Mail they have fears or concerns, that it is only Mr Chalk's family and my family, that intend to live here and we want to make a home where we can raise our children, giving them access to education and medical facilities that we never had growing up, we just want to improve our children's futures and our families living standards.' Mr White added the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (Amended) contains provisions to 'regularise unauthorised works, through retrospective applications and lawful development certificates'. 'These are utilised for many reasons and by all sectors of communities, but I can assure you, that any decision on the planning application, will not be swayed or influenced by the applicants having moved on to their property ahead of the decision,' he said. The news comes as the number of 'illegal' traveller sites being set up across the UK continues to soar, with local councils increasingly unable to remove them. New planning policy announced by Labour housing secretary Angela Rayner in December will force councils to release green belt land for travellers to create permanent encampments if there is an 'unmet need'. At present neither temporary or permanent travellers sites are allowed on green belt land as they fail to qualify as 'very special circumstances' - but that is about to change. In the original consultation published to the National Planning Policy Framework in August, the document states: 'We intend our proposals to support the release of green belt land to address unmet needs for traveller sites.' The response to the consultation, published in December, made clear that proposals should not be regarded as 'inappropriate' in cases where there is an 'unmet need' for the type of development - including traveller sites. In January this year South Gloucestershire Council announced the location of 100 new traveller sites, many of them on precious greenbelt locations. The plan also includes safeguarding 15 existing areas for travelling showpeople - and one new site for travelling showpeople in Pucklechurch. The local authority was reprimanded by a government planning inspector back in 2022 for a 'history of policy failure' after failing to provide sufficient land for travelling communities. The council has since proposed the 'expanding or intensifying' of numbers of already-existing sites and the creation of 14 brand new locations over the next 15 years. That includes the safeguarding of greenbelt land in Pucklechurch and Hambrook for traveller communities to reside on. Meanwhile, in Darlington a new site for travellers and Gypsies in Darlington has been approved after a litany of delays and refusals. Previously planning offices said the Neasham Road site was 'not in a sustainable location' and would be 'visually intrusive within an open countryside location.' The initial proposal called for five amenity buildings, five mobile homes and five touring pitches - but that was reduced to two of each type in amended plans submitted to the council in August 2024. A planning report said: 'This small development would contribute towards the delivery of windfall Gypsy and Traveller sites within the borough. 'The location of the site was considered to be sustainable by the planning inspector (as was the adjoining site more recently by another Planning Inspector) and the visual impact of the revised development is not sufficient to justify a reason to refuse the planning application.' The applicant said the need to address a shortfall of Gypsy and traveller overrode any considerations of natural beauty or environmental concerns, calling it 'a significant material consideration that would override any limited landscape impacts.' The new sites are also by no means restricted to rural greenbelt locations though as London is set to get it first new permanent pitches in over 30 years. It was announced in November last year that Haringey's Gypsy, Roma and Traveller (GRT) community were due to be handed new land to live on. After a 'comprehensive review' of potential locations, the local authority said they could accommodate six permanent pitches on vacant council land. Councillor Sarah Williams, Haringey cabinet member for housing and planning, said: 'I'm delighted to be announcing proposals for developing the first new Gypsy, Roma and Traveller sites in the capital for three decades. 'Not only is it a fitting move for our borough, which prides itself on being welcoming and diverse, it also aligns completely with our commitment as a council to providing 3,000 new, affordable and great quality homes for the future. This includes specialist housing to meet the needs of all of our communities. 'The Gypsy, Roma and Traveller community are among the most discriminated against groups in the UK and face critical challenges in accessing housing that meets their cultural needs.' A new site has also been planned for Lewisham in southeast London, the first in the borough since the previous location shut down in 2009. As well as the proliferation of new traveller camps, data shows that more and more enforcement notices are being issued against pitches, which often consist of one or more mobile homes erected on private land. In Cheltenham, the council dealt with seven unauthorised sites last year - compared to none in each of the three years before that. And similarly, Wokingham's borough council issued eight enforcement notices against unauthorised traveller sites in 2023, up from just one in 2022. Meanwhile in Wiltshire, the council dealt had dealt with four unauthorised traveller sites by the end of October last year, compared to none the year before that. Speaking previously to MailOnline on the condition of anonymity, one planning enforcement officer said: 'Over the past five years and certainly off the back of Covid there has been a sharp increase in the unauthorised development that we are seeing. 'Most of the enforcement appeals that we are dealing with at the moment concern traveller sites that have often gone up over the space of a long weekend. 'But it is a nationwide issue - most other councils are all having similar issues.' The Local Government Association (LGA), which represents councils across the nation, said authorities were seeking to clampdown on unauthorised landgrabs. An LGA spokesman said: 'Tackling them requires a multi-agency response and appropriate resources to support this. 'Councils take their planning enforcement powers seriously and work hard to balance the needs of all members of their communities. 'Where planning rules have been breached, councils will seek to take appropriate and proportionate action.'
