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Are you wearing cancerous chemicals in branded clothes?

Are you wearing cancerous chemicals in branded clothes?

India Today02-06-2025
On the face of it, Nonylphenol (NP) and Nonylphenol Ethoxylates (NPEs) might sound like scientific gibberish, but these are chemicals that every consumer should be aware of.They are endocrine-disrupting chemicals that pose significant health risks to humans even at very low levels. These compounds can mimic oestrogen—the primary female sex hormone—and may cause developmental abnormalities in embryos, foetuses and children. Additionally, they have carcinogenic properties and are linked to prostate cancer in men and breast cancer in women.advertisementNPs and NPEs are used across a wide range of industries, including leather, detergents and cleaning products, paper and pulp, food packaging materials, cosmetics and construction. However, what is particularly concerning is their extensive use in India's textile manufacturing sector, where they function as wetting agents, detergents and emulsifiers in various processes, such as washing, scouring, lubrication, bleaching, dye levelling and cleaning.According to the report 'Toxic Threads: Assessing Nonylphenol in Indian Textiles and the Environment', released by New Delhi-based nonprofit Toxics Link, NPEs were found in 15 out of 40 textile products purchased from retail stores and online platforms across India.
Most of these 15 products were innerwear and babywear—items that pose an increased risk of exposure due to their prolonged and close contact with human skin, allowing easier absorption into the body. Alarmingly, the highest concentration was found in innerwear, ranging from 22.2 mg/kg to 957 mg/kg. The highest level (957 mg/kg) was detected in a piece of female hosiery.advertisementAdditionally, 60 per cent of baby and children's products tested positive for NPEs, with concentrations ranging from 8.7 mg/kg to 764 mg/kg.The report also detected NP in the surface water of five major rivers: Cooum and Adyar in Chennai, Buddha Nullah in Ludhiana (Punjab), Bandi in Pali (Rajasthan) and the Sabarmati in Ahmedabad. The research noted that NP concentration in water increases significantly around textile hubs in the country.While many countries, particularly in the European Union, have regulated the use of these chemicals in textiles and cosmetics, India continues to lag. The EU has banned the manufacture and import of textiles containing NPEs. However, due to lack of regulations in the Asia-Pacific region—and in India specifically—these toxic chemicals remain widely used.'The presence of NP in environmental matrices and textile products is a serious public health concern,' said Satish Sinha, associate director at Toxics Link. He emphasised the need for regulatory standards that limit the presence of NP and NPE in consumer products and ensure these chemicals are not released into the environment through industrial effluents. Currently, the only restriction in India applies to their use in cosmetics.Toxics Link also spoke to several textile exporters who confirmed that they manufacture textiles without NPEs for clients in countries where the chemical is banned. 'Alternatives are available. What we need is regulation to ensure the adoption of safer chemicals,' said Sinha.advertisementSubscribe to India Today Magazine
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