NASA astronaut reveals exactly how much they get PAID in blunt three–word statement
But while being an astronaut is a career many dream of, you might wonder how well it pays.
Compared to office workers – who may complain about their commute – these highly–trained individuals are regularly launched into space at 17,500mph.
While Earth-based employees might not rate their office canteen or grumble about the lack of toilets in the workplace, astronauts live off dehydrated food packets and must use specially–designed bathrooms.
There's also the constant battle against weightlessness, and many experience muscle loss during missions.
So you'd be forgiven for thinking that astronauts get paid a hefty wage for their daredevil profession.
However, one NASA employee has revealed it's not the most lucrative career.
When asked about how much she got paid Nicole Stott, a retired astronaut, engineer and aquanaut, gave a blunt three–word response.
'Not a lot', she replied, when asked by LAD Bible. 'Government civil servant. You don't become an astronaut to get paid a lot of money.'
Throughout her career, Ms Stott flew on two expeditions and spent over 100 days in space. She launched the STS–128 mission to the International Space Station (ISS) in 2009 and spent three months there.
She was the 10th woman to perform a spacewalk and the first person to operate the ISS robotic arm to capture a free–flying cargo vehicle.
According to NASA, the annual salary for astronauts is $152,258 (£112,347) per year, but this can vary depending on education and experience level.
Earlier this year, it emerged that NASA astronauts Sunita Williams and Butch Wilmore - who were stuck on the ISS for nine months - would likely receive a tiny payout for the inconvenience.
Former NASA astronaut Cady Coleman told the Washingtonian that astronauts only receive their basic salary without overtime benefits for 'incidentals' - a small amount they are 'legally obligated to pay you'.
'For me it was around $4 (£2.95) a day,' she said. Ms Coleman received approximately $636 (£469) in incidental pay for her 159-day mission between 2010 and 2011.
Ms Williams and Mr Wilmore, with salaries ranging between $125,133 (£92,293) and $162,672 (£119,980) per year, could earn little more than $1,000 (£737) in 'incidental' cash on top of their basic salary, based on those figures.
Meanwhile Neil Armstrong was paid a salary of $27,401 (£20,209) and was the highest paid of those aboard the Apollo 11 flight in 1969, according to the Boston Herald.
To become an astronaut they must go through extensive training. Positions are highly competitive with only a few available to those who have the right experience and meet NASA's physical and mental qualifications.
NASA selects a new astronaut class typically once every two years, selecting around 0.08 per cent of all applicants into their training program.
Ms Stott also answered other questions about her job– including whether or not it's possible to have sex in space.
In response, the former astronaut said: 'Probably. I don't think there's anything that would physically prevent you from having sex in space.
'I don't know that anybody has while they were there, I did not. And but just like, you know, I think about floating and swimming in a pool, you can have sex there.
'And if somebody wants to have sex in space, I think they'll figure out how to have sex in space.'
HOW DO ASTRONAUTS EAT IN SPACE AND HOW IS FOOD STORED?
Astronauts eat three meals a day: breakfast, lunch and dinner.
Calorie requirements differ for astronauts. For instance, a small woman would require only about 1,900 calories a day, while a large man would require about 3,200 calories.
An astronaut can choose from many types of foods such as fruits, nuts, peanut butter, chicken, beef, seafood, candy, brownies, etc.
Available drinks include coffee, tea, orange juice, fruit punches and lemonade.
No alcohol is allowed to be consumed on the space station.
Condiments, such as ketchup, mustard and mayonnaise, are provided.
Salt and pepper are available but only in a liquid form because astronauts can't sprinkle salt and pepper on their food in space.
The salt and pepper would simply float away. There is a danger they could clog air vents, contaminate equipment or get stuck in an astronaut's eyes, mouth or nose.
Preparation varies with the food type. Some foods can be eaten in their natural forms, such as brownies and fruit.
Other foods require adding water, such as macaroni and cheese or spaghetti.
An oven is provided in the space station to heat foods to the proper temperature.
There are no refrigerators in space, so space food must be stored and prepared properly to avoid spoilage, especially on longer missions.
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Iggy the cat was particularly keen to hog the stitched fabric when July's night-time temperatures exceeded 20C, perhaps because his 4kg body couldn't sink into the heat-trapping memory foam. Our bodies did sink into it, however. As we slept, the foam formed a cocoon around us (mainly our bums), and made us feel like we were floating in the mattress rather than on top of it. There was no sense of sagging, just of strong, deliberate cradling. Firmer mattresses are more to my taste, but they can give me niggling pain from an old rib injury, and the Tempur never did. If you live with pain and find it hard to sleep as a result, the memory foam upper layers of this mattress could be just what you need. My 85-year-old dad, Don, also enjoyed the pain relief of the mattress but has since switched back to the firmer surface to which he's more accustomed. He first tried it lying on his back and said: 'Oh, I like that … I think,' which echoed my own thoughts. I asked him to turn on to his right side to test his recently injured shoulder and hip, and he said there was no pain – a welcome relief for us both. The mattress's motion isolation is exceptionally good. This is something I've learned to expect from highly cushioned memory foam because it absorbs the movement of your body and dramatically cuts down on bounce. Alan and I are fidgety sleepers, so motion isolation helps us rest without being disturbed by each other. As mentioned, some of the higher-density layers of Tempur's mattress are decidedly firm. The Pro Plus SmartCool is also available in two firmer versions than the one I tested. But the medium version quickly turned out to be an over-enthusiastic hugger, at least for our tastes. After the initially pleasurable cradling, it just kept going until it seemed to be swallowing us. 'My bum is disappearing into it,' said Don. He and I are very small, so we didn't sink as far into this mattress as a person of larger build would. My husband, Alan, thoroughly average size, sank too far for comfort and declared it 'like being sucked into quicksand'. We wanted to give the Tempur a fair chance, so we used it on our slatted bed base for several nights, then Don used it on his solid divan base. It never felt lumpy or saggy, but my lower back felt unsupported, and our sleeping bodies made impressions so deep that it became difficult to roll over. If your sleep style involves plenty of tossing and turning, a firmer mattress will suit you better. Edge support is frankly poor for a mattress that costs this much. Even a soft mattress should have some firm reinforcement around the sides to make it easy to get into and out, but when we tried sitting on the edge, we all felt like we were sliding off it. Sitting up to read is difficult because your weight is concentrated on your bum, and you just, well, sink. Even the cover's cooling ability had its limits, as Alan and I discovered when sinking into the foam beneath it. We woke in the night, complaining that we felt we were cooking in the heat of our sleeping bodies. The cover helps by forming a barrier between you and the foam, but we found – in our experience and our heat-retention tests – that it couldn't stop the foam getting hotter than a mattress that contains springs. If you tend to overheat at night all year round, an all-foam mattress isn't for you. Environmental kudos is a challenge for a company that uses this much foam. High-viscosity polyurethane foam is non-biodegradable, has a chemical-intensive manufacturing process and is harder to recycle than fabric or springs. Given all this, Tempur has made decent strides in sustainability. The most noticeable example for me was the dramatic reduction in plastic packaging compared with bed-in-a-box mattresses. There isn't even any cardboard to get rid of. Behind the scenes, Tempur's products are Oeko-Tex Standard 100-certified, and its Danish production facility is ISO-certified for quality, environment, health and safety, and energy. Tempur mattresses are made in Denmark, and its Pro and One mattresses are certified by the Danish Indoor Climate Labelling scheme, a voluntary but internationally recognised standard for chemical compound emissions. Tempur's UK warehouses and distribution centres have been zero landfill since 2019, and the company aims to be carbon neutral by 2040. Foam isn't easy to recycle, but Tempur offers ideas on its environmental sustainability page. Old foam 'can be cleaned and shredded for use in new products, such as carpet underlay', it says, so I'm disappointed that the company doesn't offer to do this with its UK customers' old mattresses. Mattress collection is offered in the US 'on request', but not here. Tempur UK does at least run an online outlet store where you can buy refurbished products, including mattresses that have been returned by buyers within the 100-night trial. The medium version of the Pro Plus SmartCool is a soft, cradling mattress with excellent pressure relief. If you love your beds on the plush side, you may decide it's worth every penny. However, this sumptuous mattress is not for everyone – including my family and me. Perhaps the quicksand sensation was too close to our childhood nightmares to give us the sleep of our dreams. Jane Hoskyn is a features journalist and WFH pioneer with three decades of experience in rearranging bookshelves and 'testing' coffee machines while deadlines loom. Her work has made her a low-key expert in all manner of consumables, from sports watches to solar panels. She would always rather be in the woods
The Guardian
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Puppy fat jabs: are our pets next in line for weight-loss drugs?
Where humans lead, their dogs tend to follow – now it seems that might even apply to weight-loss wonder drugs. Medications such as Wegovy have become ubiquitous among people hoping to shed pounds quickly. But businesses keen to cash in on the science behind the weight-loss jabs are now investigating other applications for the drugs, and our four-legged friends could be the next in line for a slimming solution. The active ingredients in the drugs mimic a hormone called GLP-1, which makes people want to eat less. One biotech firm has just announced trials for an implant that reproduces the effect in dogs, with the aim of bringing it to the market as soon as 2028. The hope is that the same science can be used to quell the voracious appetite of some dog breeds that can lead to them piling on the pounds. While experts say such medications could be beneficial for some overweight animals, their use outside of humans is not without complication or the potential for controversy. What is not contentious is that pet weight is a real issue for many owners. Neutering, age, a lack of activity and overfeeding are among the factors that can contribute to the problem. According to a 2024 report by the trade body UK Pet Food, 50% of dogs and 43% of cats are overweight. Excess weight can shorten the lifespan of pets and reduce their quality of life; tubby cats, for instance, face a greater risk of problems including diabetes, urinary tract issues and cancer, while overweight canines are more likely to have to contend with conditions such as arthritis, heart disease, breathing problems and cancer. Commonly recommended solutions are increased exercise and strict prescription diets that are high in fibre and protein but low in calories. Dr Eleanor Raffan, a veterinary surgeon and expert in canine genetics and obesity at the University of Cambridge, said some good old-fashioned discipline should be the first option. 'I would [advise] owners, both for the benefit of their pockets, and possibly for the benefit of their pets, to try modifying their dog's diet and exercise regime first, because I think we know that that can be safe and effective if done well,' she said. 'But if that fails, or if there's an urgent need to get weight loss, then I see no reason why using [GLP-1 mimic] drugs shouldn't be a reasonable option, so long as they are tested in proper, prospective, well-designed, randomised clinical trials before being widely offered in practice.' A strong selling point of the medication is that it helps pet owners navigate one of the biggest obstacles to pet weight loss: what many vets describe as 'pester power', or, to put it another way, humans' inability to say no to their loyal companions. 'What our research shows in our group … is that that if you have a very foodie dog, you have to work much harder,' she said. 'You have to really resist the big brown eye treatment and that can be really hard in our busy lives today.' Appetite suppressants may help stop the kind of begging that most pet owners are familiar with, but they come with one major drawback: that a pet's appetite is often an important marker of their health. Some experts worry that if humans are unable to tell if their animal has stopped eating because they are unwell or because the weight loss drugs are doing their job, it could prove dangerous. 'If cats stop eating for a few days, they can develop a condition called hepatic lipidosis and other problems, which can be life threatening,' said Raffan. Michael Klotsman is the chief executive of Okava, one of the companies developing a long-acting implant called OKV-119 that contains a GLP-1 mimic called exenatide. He said behavioural changes from OKV-119 were quite different from illness-related appetite loss. 'What owners should expect to see is their pet eating appropriate portions without the previous food obsession – they'll still eat regularly and show interest in meals, just without the excessive begging, scavenging or gulping behaviour,' he said. The company is planning trials in dogs, and hopes to launch its implant commercially in 2028 or 2029. Klotsman said: 'OKV-119 represents an additional tool for veterinarians treating pets where conventional approaches have been insufficient, similar to how GLP-1 therapies have provided new hope for human patients struggling with obesity despite their best efforts with diet and exercise.' Prof Peter Sandøe, of the University of Copenhagen and the director of the Danish Centre for the Study of Companion Animal Welfare, said such drugs could potentially help some pets, such as food-obsessed dogs. However, he added, if owners were concerned enough about their pet's weight to consider such medications, then there were many other – probably cheaper – options they could try, from activity feeders to extra walks, microchip-controlled feeders, and switching out treats for fun and games. 'Why take the medical solution if there's some other solutions that actually might be better for both human and animal welfare?' he said.
