'Eventually, all life on Earth will be destroyed by the sun': Elon Musk explains his drive to colonize Mars
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Artist's illustration of SpaceX Starships on Mars. | Credit: SpaceX
Elon Musk is taking the long view.
The billionaire SpaceX founder has long said that humanity needs to expand its footprint out into the solar system — specifically to Mars, which is the most suitable and reachable target — so that we won't go extinct if something bad should happen to Earth.
That "if" only applies in the short term, however; over the very long haul, something bad will definitely happen. The sun is getting brighter and hotter as it ages, and a few hundred million years from now, this increased energy influx will strip off Earth's atmosphere and boil our oceans away. That will probably be the end for life as we know it. The coup de grace will come some five billion years from now, when our expanding red giant sun engulfs and incinerates poor little Earth.
Musk referenced this sorry fate in a recent interview with Fox News host Jesse Watters, who asked the world's richest man why he's so fixated on the Red Planet.
"That's one of the benefits of Mars, is life insurance for life collectively," Musk told Watters in the interview, which Fox News aired yesterday (May 6). "So, eventually, all life on Earth will be destroyed by the sun. The sun is gradually expanding, and so we do at some point need to be a multiplanet civilization, because Earth will be incinerated."
Musk — who leads the Trump administration's cost- and regulation-cutting Department of Government Efficiency — estimated that we have about 450 million years "before it gets so hot that life is impossible."
Related stories:
— Will our solar system survive the death of our sun?
— Red giant stars: Facts, definition & the future of the sun
— Starship and Super Heavy: SpaceX's deep-space transportation for the moon and Mars
That's a pretty long runway for SpaceX to complete the development and testing of Starship, the fully reusable megarocket that Musk thinks will make Mars settlement economically feasible.
Starship, the biggest and most powerful rocket ever built, has flown eight times to date and twice this year so far. Both of the 2025 test missions, which launched in January and March, respectively, were partially successful. Starship's huge first stage booster, Super Heavy, performed well, but the vehicle's Ship upper stage exploded less than 10 minutes into flight.
SpaceX is currently gearing up for Starship's next launch; the company has already test-fired the engines of the Super Heavy and Ship that will make Flight 9. But no target date has been announced.
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