Analysis: Historic conservative rally marks shift in Gwangju's political landscape

Yahoo

20-02-2025

Feb. 20 (UPI) -- In a significant departure from its traditional political alignment, Gwangju, South Korea, witnessed an unprecedented conservative gathering last weekend, as demonstrators both supporting and opposing President Yoon Suk Yeol's impeachment took to the streets of the historically progressive city.
The Save Korea Gwangju Rally, which opposed the impeachment efforts, drew an estimated 150,000 participants, marking the largest conservative demonstration in the city since the 1980 Gwangju Uprising. The event was part of a broader nationwide movement that attracted approximately 300,000 protesters across the country.
The rally, organized by the conservative Christian activist group Save Korea, proceeded despite initial attempts to prevent it. Participants gathered for an emergency prayer meeting and voiced their support for President Yoon with chants of "Free the President" and calls to investigate alleged election fraud.
A defining moment of the demonstration came when Gwangju native and conservative commentator Joo Dong-sik delivered a controversial address challenging the region's long-standing political positions. In subsequent social media posts, Joo elaborated on his critique of what he termed the region's "political industrialization" -- a practice of securing national budget allocations through political influence rather than economic merit.
In his widely circulated Facebook post, Joo cited several state-funded projects, including the National Asia Culture Center, Korea Institute of Energy Technology, and the Saemangeum Jamboree, as examples of what he described as inefficient allocation of national resources. His comments sparked intense debate about regional development policies and political patronage.
Simultaneously, a counter-demonstration organized by the Emergency Action for Yoon's Immediate Resignation gathered approximately 20,000 participants. The pro-impeachment rally, which included Gwangju Mayor Kang Gi-jung and several opposition lawmakers, featured protesters chanting slogans such as "Impeach Yoon" and expressing opposition to what they termed "far-right forces."
Local authorities implemented comprehensive security measures, including strategic placement of police barricades between the opposing groups, ensuring the day concluded without significant confrontations. The successful management of these simultaneous demonstrations highlighted the city's capacity to accommodate divergent political expressions.
The demonstrations underscore the evolving political dynamics in Gwangju, a region that has maintained strong progressive affiliations since the May 18 Uprising of 1980. The city has long been considered a stronghold of former President Kim Dae-jung's political legacy and has historically maintained distance from conservative administrations.
Political analysts suggest that the successful staging of a major conservative rally in this traditionally progressive stronghold may signal a potential shift in regional political discourse. However, the simultaneous pro-impeachment demonstration underscores the continuing political divisions within the community.
The events in Gwangju reflect broader national debates over South Korea's political direction, particularly regarding relations with North Korea and international alignments. Joo's speech addressed these themes directly, criticizing what he described as the region's historical opposition to liberal democracy, market economy, and South Korea-U.S.-Japan cooperation.
The controversy surrounding Joo's comments highlights ongoing tensions over interpretations of regional history and political identity. Despite facing criticism as a "traitor to his hometown," Joo maintained that his loyalty lies with South Korea's foundational principles of liberal democracy, market freedom, and the rule of law.
Local scholars note that the demonstrations represent more than just a debate over President Yoon's impeachment. They suggest a potential reassessment of regional political attitudes and the complex relationship between local identity and national politics.
The day's events have also prompted discussions about the evolution of political expression in South Korea. The peaceful coexistence of opposing demonstrations, despite their significant size difference, has been cited as evidence of the country's maturing democratic processes.
As Gwangju continues to grapple with these developments, observers note that the success of the conservative rally may encourage similar events in the future, potentially reshaping the region's political landscape. However, the strong showing at the pro-impeachment demonstration suggests that progressive forces remain deeply rooted in the city's political fabric.
The implications of these demonstrations extend beyond regional politics, potentially influencing national discussions about political polarization, regional development, and the balance between historical legacy and contemporary political discourse in South Korea.