Are you addicted to porn? Here's how it controls your brain and makes you just like a drug addict
The new study was published in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. It gives insights and deep understanding about how frequent consumption of pornography may rewire the brain's reward and control circuits, leading to neurological arousal, behavioral changes, and possible dependency, comparable to that observed in opioid addicts.
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Pornography often turns into an obsession
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The study, conducted at Chengdu Medical College in China, involved 21 healthy college students who had no history of substance use. They watched pornographic content to different degrees. The participants were split into two groups: occasional, low-frequency pornography use, and those with a chronic obsession, and a 10-minute pornography video was chosen for the experiment. The researchers measured the before-and-after effect of watching porn.
They measured participants' cognitive functioning and reaction times. While participants watched the video, their real-time neural activity, vital body signs, and facial expressions were also recorded.
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The research found that watching porn often causes three clear changes in how our brains and bodies react
1. Brain reward circuits get seized
According to researchers, the brain patterns of participants who often consumed pornographic content displayed features similar to people addicted to drugs such as cocaine or opioids.
The areas of the brain linked with decision-making, self-control, and reward anticipation, the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and frontopolar area, respectively, experienced improved connectivity. These changes often prompt the viewer to continue watching pornography, resulting in compulsive behavior. Such users prioritize pornography over work, socializing, or other activities they used to enjoy.
One of the most common impacts of watching porn is intense and sustained dopamine release, which in turn builds tolerance and desensitization. This makes the person look for more extreme content to experience the same level of feeling.
2. Emotional Responses similar to those who use drugs
Besides neurological changes, the study also discovered that the emotional reactions in porn users were similar to those observed in drug addiction. The emotional facial expressions while watching the video revealed even stronger patterns. Participants, who were frequent porn watchers, showed heightened facial expressions of pleasure and happiness, similar to the euphoria reported by drug users.
They, however, also showed significantly more anger and sadness than infrequent watchers. This observation suggests greater emotional fluctuations within the frequent group. Researchers say these emotional ups and downs may stem from conflicting feelings of arousal, withdrawal-like distress, and impaired emotional control in the brain.
One observation in the participants that was most concerning was that those who watched pornography frequently were less surprised and had more numb expressions. This phenomenon is similar to the intense calmness caused by opioid drugs. Further, this group showed higher anxiety and depression.
In contrast to regular porn watchers, the casual consumers showed more expressions of disgust and fear. The researchers suggest this may indicate they were less immersed and less emotionally blunted. This pattern implies they retained a more typical defensive reaction to explicit content.
3. Clouded Thinking
Cognitive function is also significantly affected by pornography use. Porn use also really affects how people think. In the study, people took a color and word test before and after watching, and regular porn users did worse both times.
The results show that watching porn a lot can mess with your focus and good decision-making. The outcomes also highlight how frequent pornography watching may hijack a person's ability to regulate attention and make sober judgments.
Can brain be rewired to unlearn pornography
Psychotherapy is a main treatment to cure problematic porn use. It is possible to naturally rewire the brain due to its neuroplasticity. For instance, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) shows particularly great outcomes.
To treat problematic pornography watching, ACT uses a technique called cognitive defusion, helping participants detach from their obsessive pornography-related thoughts by helping them identify priorities beyond porn cravings. Participants are guided to accept the urges without acting on them and stay committed to life's bigger goals.
A randomized clinical trial conducted in 2016 on ACT's effectiveness gave out remarkable results. Participants reported around a 92 percent reduction in pornography viewing after 12 therapy sessions, and 54 percent completely stopped viewing pornography post-treatment. To add to that, integrating holistic approaches, such as meditation practices, can help reduce distressing emotions and foster greater self-awareness.
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