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Associated Press
28 minutes ago
- Associated Press
Obama pushes back on Trump's claim of 2016 election 'treason'
The Associated Press is an independent global news organization dedicated to factual reporting. Founded in 1846, AP today remains the most trusted source of fast, accurate, unbiased news in all formats and the essential provider of the technology and services vital to the news business. More than half the world's population sees AP journalism every day.
Forbes
28 minutes ago
- Forbes
Getting To The Heart Of Psychological Safety Through Character
Psychological safety emanates from interactions which reflect character I have been a fan of Amy Edmondson's pioneering work on psychological safety since we met as young scholars at an organizational learning conference decades ago. While my interests lay in the relationship between organizational learning and strategic renewal, she was tapping into a core underpinning of organizational learning: whether individuals and teams could engage in open and candid dialogue, feel safe speaking up, taking risks, and making mistakes. The benefits of psychological safety have been well-documented, as revealed by Project Aristotle, which found a correlation with a 43% increase in team performance, including a 19% increase in productivity, 31% more innovation, 27% lower employee turnover, and 3.6 times more engagement. Although the benefits of psychological safety are well-documented, the factors that contribute to it have been more elusive. Forbes Council Member Jeff Williams provides six practical steps to creating a psychologically safe environment, which echo many common prescriptions, including diagnosing where you stand, reviewing your policies and protocols, modeling psychologically safe behaviors, creating an organization-wide safety culture, discussing it, and holding check-ins. Although these are practical insights, there is a need to get to the heart of psychological safety, to explore why it has been so challenging for many organizations. Research at the Ivey Business School has revealed that the difference between weak and strong leader character is correlated with a 16% increase in psychological safety and an 18% increase in employee voice. Leader character may well be the bedrock for psychological safety. There are three key steps to unlock the potential character brings to enable psychological safety. Step 1 – Understand How Character Impacts Psychological Safety What has been overlooked in psychological safety is how character influences it. Because people have not understood what character is and how it can manifest in deficient and excess states, we have neglected a key aspect of both the diagnosis and the remedy. The 11 dimensions of character can manifest in deficient and excess states as shown in Table 1. Since people tend to judge their behaviors based on intention, while others judge them on their observable behaviors, they often fail to recognize that their character strengths are manifesting as excess vices, as shown in the right-hand column. Tasha Eurich's findings highlight the challenges associated with self-awareness, revealing that 95% of people believe they are self-aware, yet only 10-15% are. Table 1 - Virtues and Vices In our character workshops, we ask participants to describe leaders who exhibit strong integrity and drive but low humility and humanity. Words like bully, arrogant, tyrant, and jerk often top the list. By examining the excess vice states of drive and integrity in Table 1, you can see why. When someone has high drive and integrity that are not balanced by other character dimensions, these strengths can become dictatorial, forceful, uncompromising, belligerent, rigid, and dogmatic, among others. Because people often lack self-awareness and don't intend to behave in this way, such behavior becomes a significant blind spot for them. Let's connect the dots to psychological safety. When we ask people to describe what it feels like to work for or with someone who has these character imbalances, the responses are consistent, and, unfortunately, many have experienced it. Weaknesses such as humility and humanity, as shown in the left column of Table 1, offer clues. These deficient traits of humanity and humility are reflected in words like uncaring, vindictive, aloof, disinterested, and disrespectful. Combined with the excess vices of high drive and integrity, the person becomes challenging to work with and for. Returning to the core aspects of psychological safety, there is little chance of having open and honest dialogue, feeling safe to speak up, take risks, and make mistakes. In fact, research at the Ivey Business School shows an 18% gap between individuals with weak and strong character in terms of employee voice, indicating that people are less likely to engage when character is weak. Although Table 1 presents the character dimensions in list form, the behaviors in the middle column should be visualized as a wheel with the judgment dimension at the center. This is because judgment, what Aristotle called 'practical wisdom,' has its own set of behaviors and also plays a special role in regulating all character behaviors. We call this character-based judgment. There is no doubt that the words in the left and right-hand columns are strong. They are meant to leave no doubt that the deficient and excess states are problematic and undesirable. Because people often struggle to see themselves as anything other than their good intentions portrayed in the middle column, we ask them to imagine whether their typical lean is to the left or the right. For example, I am a very purposeful person (behavior associated with transcendence). It would be rare for me to be directionless, so my miss is not on the left side. It suggests my miss is to the right - being fixated. Although I would never describe myself as being fixated, my character development has helped me see that if others do not observe strengths in other dimensions, such as collaboration (being open-minded and flexible) and temperance (being patient and calm), they will view my purposive behavior in a more fixated way. Importantly, for me to have confidence in my character-based judgment, I need to ensure that I am strengthening my weaker character behaviors. This leads to the need for character development. Character imbalances not only influence individual and collective judgment but also impact individual well-being, often in distinct ways. For example, someone with high drive and low temperance may experience burnout arising from a relentless pursuit of perfection. In contrast, someone with high collaboration and low integrity may find that they continue to prioritize the needs of others over their own. Overall, there is reason to develop character beyond enhancing psychological safety. Research at the Ivey Business School reveals that the difference between weak and strong character is associated with an 8% difference in well-being, a 10% difference in resilience and job satisfaction, and a 14% difference in leader effectiveness. Step 2 – Develop Character To Increase Psychological Safety Unlike personality, which is considered semi-stable with no associated development paradigm, character behaviors are habits that can be developed but can also erode. Without a clear understanding of what character is and how it manifests in deficient and excessive states, it is understandable that most people will have weaknesses and imbalances. When it comes to psychological safety, it is not simply a matter of assessing whether an environment is psychologically safe, but diagnosing imbalances in individual character that contribute to it. In 'Towards a Model of Leader Character Development: Insights From Anatomy and Music Therapy,' co-authored with Corey Crossan and Cassie Ellis, we describe five levels of leader character development, with Level 1 being the ability to discover and assess one's character and that of others. Assessments such as the self and 360-degree Leader Character Insight Assessment and the VIA Character Strengths Survey are helpful tools. In Level 2, we describe how character can be activated through priming, reminding, and reinforcement, using music as an example. We have created a Spotify playlist featuring songs for each of the 11 dimensions, as suggested by workshop participants. There are other practical reminders, such as images and poems, and many creative ways people have found, including how Corey Crossan paints her nails in the corresponding colour of the character dimension in Table 1 that she is exercising. The value of understanding how to activate a dimension of character is to consider what it may take at any moment to speak up when it doesn't feel psychologically safe. For example, a leader may need to activate their humanity, humility, and collaboration to encourage others that it is safe to speak up. I learned this lesson when a colleague told me I was intimidating, after a meeting in which I had not even spoken. Because I saw myself as collegial and cooperative, it turns out that I lacked the self-awareness to realize that someone might view me as intimidating. Having witnessed the nodding heads of many executives when I share this story, it revealed to me how, with some awareness and capacity to activate character, we can shift these moments. I realized I not only need to activate collaboration, humanity, and humility, but I also need to strengthen them. The most challenging work arises in Level 3, where daily practice is required to strengthen a behavior. With 11 character dimensions and 62 associated behaviors, a daily practice is incredibly challenging. I realized my daily yoga practice was an essential way for me to exercise becoming more patient and calm (behaviors associated with the temperance dimension). Strengthening my temperance has been another dimension that helps to ensure my other strengths in transcendence, drive, courage, and judgment do not manifest as excess vices and undermine psychological safety. For example, my passionate behavior (transcendence) and decisiveness (judgment), when not supported by strong temperance, can silence others. Where I see my decisiveness as the beginning of the conversation, others can experience it as the end of the conversation. One of the reasons Corey Crossan and I created the Virtuosity character development mobile app was to curate a set of daily exercises for the 62 behaviors that comprise the Virtuosity character development system. Level 4 is a natural extension of Level 3 because it considers how the development of a behavior depends on and influences the character behaviors of others. In my own experience, once I discovered how my patience and calm depended on strengthening other dimensions of character, such as humanity, humility, collaboration, and transcendence, I began to put less pressure on my temperance. Essentially, I became less agitated and frustrated with others and began to see different possibilities. One of the reasons that people question character is that most of us don't imagine that character development needs to hold up under every context, which is Level 5. Our strength of character needs to be reliable in both crisis and calm, personally and professionally. There is plenty of research in sociology pointing to how context shapes action, such as the famous Stanford Prison Experiment, where students who had been randomly assigned to roles as guards began to abuse those in the role of prisoners within only five days. However, context need not be that dramatic to influence character. Consider how many people blame compensation and reward systems in organizations for their behavior. In character workshops, the proverbial light bulb goes on when they consider what that reveals about character. Connecting the development of character to psychological safety, it is not simply that individuals can strengthen their character to reap the benefits associated with the quality of conversation that enables candid dialogue and risk-taking, but character development also demands that individuals begin to transform the context within which they operate, which may undermine psychological safety. Step 3 - Rely on Character to Cultivate a Psychologically Safe Context In 'Making Leader Character Your Competitive Edge,' published in MIT Sloan, Bill Furlong, Rob Austin, and I describe that character is embedded in the architecture of the organization. This means that creating the conditions for psychological safety isn't just about interactions between people, but also the context that either enables or hinders it. Reflecting on Level 5 of character development, context can often undermine character. However, too often, the blame for the lack of psychological safety is placed on the context, such as what gets rewarded or punished in organizations. For example, reward systems often overweight drive and underweight temperance, with a focus on results at any cost. And because people are often selected and promoted based on this likeness, a vicious cycle emerges where the context undermines character and character undermines context – people cut corners. Few will speak up to question decisions. It is not simply about whether there is psychological safety to do so, but whether they possess the strength in integrity, justice, and accountability to speak up. The anatomy of failure in every organization, whether it be Enron, Wells Fargo, Volkswagen, or Boeing, is a system that embodies imbalances of character as I described in my Forbes article 'Lessons From Boeing on Elevating Character Alongside Competence.' When individuals and systems exhibit character imbalances, the organizational culture often reflects those imbalances. In my Forbes article, 'Seeing How Character Eats Culture For Breakfast,' I make the point that culture will reflect the character of its members. Furthermore, leaders with strong character will ensure that the organization's systems and processes reflect strong character. Psychological safety is vital, but it can be challenging to achieve. Many troublesome issues that weaken psychological safety stem from character imbalances. The good news is that the solution is straightforward. Character is the key missing element. Since character can be assessed, developed, and embedded in organizations, it can be measured and managed. Addressing psychological safety truly depends on character development, particularly in leaders who set the tone and shape the organizational culture.
Associated Press
28 minutes ago
- Associated Press
Love for murdered Idaho students and condemnation for Bryan Kohberger mark his sentencing
The Associated Press is an independent global news organization dedicated to factual reporting. Founded in 1846, AP today remains the most trusted source of fast, accurate, unbiased news in all formats and the essential provider of the technology and services vital to the news business. More than half the world's population sees AP journalism every day.
