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UN chief stands ready to support any initiatives, acceptable to India, Pak for 'de-escalation', 'resumption of dialogue'

UN chief stands ready to support any initiatives, acceptable to India, Pak for 'de-escalation', 'resumption of dialogue'

Time of India29-04-2025
Expressing deep concern over the situation between India and Pakistan, UN chief Antonio Guterres stands ready to support any initiatives, acceptable to both parties, for "de-escalation" and "resumption of dialogue", his office has said.
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The Secretary-General "remains deeply concerned about the situation between India and Pakistan. He strongly urges both Governments to exercise maximum restraint and avoid any escalation," a statement by the office of his spokesperson said Monday.
Guterres "reaffirms his firm belief that even the most challenging issues can be resolved peacefully through meaningful and constructive dialogue. He stands ready to support any initiatives, acceptable to both parties, that promote de-escalation and the resumption of dialogue."
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Tensions have escalated between India and Pakistan after terrorists opened fire near Kashmir's Pahalgam town on April 22, killing 26 people, mostly tourists, in what is the deadliest attack in the Valley since the Pulwama strike in 2019.
India downgraded diplomatic ties with Pakistan and announced a raft of measures, including expulsion of Pakistani military attaches, suspension of the Indus Water Treaty of 1960 and immediate shutting down of the Attari land-transit post in view of the cross-border links to the Pahalgam terror attack.
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Guterres has said he is following the situation between India and Pakistan "very closely and with very great concern" and has appealed to both governments to exercise maximum restraint and to ensure there is no further deterioration.
The statement on Monday further noted that the United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) "has no presence in the area where the attack happened and continues to implement its mandate of observing developments pertaining to and supervising the strict observance of the 1971 ceasefire along the Line of Control."
The UN chief again conveyed his solidarity with the families of the victims of the April 22 terrorist attack and "underscores the importance of accountability and justice."
UNMOGIP was established in January 1949. Following the India-Pakistan war in 1971 and a subsequent ceasefire agreement of December 17 of that year, the tasks of UNMOGIP have been to observe, to the extent possible, developments pertaining to the strict observance of the ceasefire of December 17, 1971, and to report thereon to the Secretary-General.
India has maintained that UNMOGIP has outlived its utility and is irrelevant after the Simla Agreement and the consequent establishment of the Line of Control (LoC).
Last week, the UN Security Council "condemned in the strongest terms" the terrorist attack in Jammu and Kashmir, stressing that those responsible for these killings should be held accountable and organisers and sponsors of this "reprehensible act of terrorism" should be brought to justice.
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Indigenous Peoples and AI
Indigenous Peoples and AI

The Hindu

time19 minutes ago

  • The Hindu

Indigenous Peoples and AI

More than 470 million Indigenous Peoples live across the world, distributed across 90 countries and splintered into unique communities with their own culture and traditional knowledge. Although they make up less than 6% of the world's population, indigenous individuals account for at least 15% of the poorest individuals in the world. As new, often disruptive technologies take over, and native lands are encroached upon, concerns arise over both how this would impact traditional knowledge ecosystems, and how they may be pressed into service for the benefit, rather than the exploitation, of Indigenous Peoples. Touching on these concerns, Indigenous Peoples and AI: Defending Rights, Shaping Futures was the theme at the centre of this year's observance of International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples, celebrated each year on August 9. This day was selected for the observance to commemorate the first meeting of the UN Working Group on Indigenous Populations held in Geneva in 1982. 'Indigenous Peoples are guardians of ancient knowledge, defenders of cultural heritage, stewards of biodiversity, and essential to our shared future,' UN Secretary-General António Guterres said in a statement issued ahead of the observance. An online discussion too was organised by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) on August 8, delving into how Indigenous people's rights can be ensured in the age of AI and how to include them in AI development and governance frameworks to further inclusive and non-exploitative use. We dive into some of the many concerns associated with Artificial Intelligence and Indigenous Peoples, highlighting what experts have recently shared about these issues. Concerns about Indigenous people and AI In 2024, the UN General Assembly adopted a resolution (A/RES/78/265 ) which stressed that human rights and fundamental freedoms should be respected, protected and promoted throughout the life cycle of artificial intelligence systems. Several concerns have emerged about AI and how it may, directly or indirectly, contribute to the attrition of the rights of Indigenous Peoples. The note on the UNDESA website pertaining to this year's World Indigenous Peoples day highlights that while AI could promote 'cultural revitalization, youth empowerment, and adaptation to climate change', it runs the risk of reinforcing bias towards and exclusion or misrepresentation of Indigenous Peoples, among other challenges. One major theme is the potential for exploitation of native knowledge and language. Danielle Boyer, a Anishinaabe robotics inventor working for the revitalization of Indigenous languages, urged that AI should be used with great care, and that if it was not used carefully then it should not be used at all, so as to prevent the systemic disappearance of indigenous languages. Ms. Boyer is the founder of the equitable tech education charity The STEAM Connection and inventor of Skobots, a robotic aide to learning indigenous languages such as the endangered Anishinaabemowin, and she took part in UNDESA's August 8 commemoration event as a panelist. She highlighted that AI was being used to exploit native knowledge and language, pointing to non-native authors using AI to create books about native culture. The way to fight back, she said, was by Indigenous Peoples developing their own technologies. She stressed that the skobots used internally developed AI,. functioning not as translators or Large Language Models (LLMs), but by breaking down words and using the voices of Indigenous persons. 'Technology sparks fear in our community for good reason,' she said, suggesting that being able to have self-determination in technology would help allay these concerns and ensure progress by Indigenous Peoples on this front. Another panelist at the event was Pyrou Chung, the founder of Knowledge for Development (K4D) and Director at the East-West Management Institute, who works with indigenous people in South- east Asia for the preservation of rights in the face of climate change. While Ms. Chung acknowledged the potential of AI to support justice, she also highlighted the presence of agendas driven by larger powers, and the presence of colonial and westernised approaches in AI. Calling much of the AI being developed a distraction, Ms. Chung said there was a lack of real-world interaction and context in its creation. Another key concern is that native land may be encroached upon for building the massive data centres that are integral to AI systems. Sites around AI data centres can see environmental degradation and negative impacts on the local ecosystems on which the Indigenous people depend. Further, AI data centres consume massive amounts of electricity, contributing to the depletion of finite natural resources and adding to the pressure caused by climate change, according to the UN. It is to harness the power of indigenous knowledge for AI without exploitation or environmental impacts that the research programme Abundant Intelligences was created. It 'conceptualizes, designs, develops, and deploys Artificial Intelligence based on Indigenous Knowledge systems' and aims to take an approach 'grounded in Indigenous epistemologies' to create technology that integrates into 'existing lifeways.' An international team , co-directed by Prof. Lewis at the Indigenous Futures Research Centre at Concordia University, Montreal, and Prof. Hemi Whaanga at Massey University in New Zealand, is a part of the programme, which comprises 13 universities and 8 community-based organisations across the United States, Canada, and New Zealand. The programme kicked off in March 1, 2023 and will run till February 29, 2029. A real world example of this kind of collaboration was a pilot AI model created by PolArctic in an Inuit community in Nunavut, Canada combining Indigenous Knowledge and scientific data, to help deal with inshore fishing challenges resulting from climate change. The project, which was conducted at Sanikiluaq, was funded by the Nunavut Fishery Association, Qikiqtaaluk Corporation and the World Wildlife Fund. The project identified areas likely to be abundant in scallops, clams and kelp, using research interviews, maps, and material from the Nunavut Coastal Resource Inventory (NCRI). As seen in this project, AI projects often see the collection of vast pools of data to train models. This leads to a second concern: the gathering of data or the extraction of resources without consent. Such consent must be free and informed, in line with the UN Declaration on the Rights of the Indigenous Peoples. Fernando Marani, Programme Director of Justice, Inclusion, and Equality at New York University's Center on International Cooperation, spoke about the history of not respecting ownership of Indigenous people, and stressed that it was important to protect data related to indigenous culture and knowledge, ensuring that access is shared only to those who need it. Ms. Boyer too, highlighted that working on creating ethical AI frameworks, being able to have the right to refuse to share data, and informed consent were other necessary factors. In the world of the tech, the mantra is to 'move fast and break things,' but here the 'things' being broken are people and communities, she pointed out. At the other end of the spectrum, the exclusion of data from Indigenous peoples and a lack of representation of their views can also create challenges in the creation of equitable AI models. The need to ensure that indigenous people are included in the data used in AI was a point raised during Friday's discussion by Anne Torill Nordsletta, Director of the Health Analytics Department at the Norwegian Centre for E-health Research. She highlighted that AI was now being used for healthcare and public decision-making, and that without including data about indigenous peoples, there was the risk of building systems which reinforced inequalities. Ms. Nordsletta, who also lectures part-time at the Sami University, stressed that indigenous self-determination must be built into AI governance. At the base of the challenges associated with AI is the very fundamental one of who gets to access these tools and how. Mr. Marani highlighted the need to close the existing digital gap for indigenous people and ensure equal access to the digital realm. The barriers to access of new tech, particularly in rural areas, has also been recognised through the World Summit of the Information Society process. With access comes awareness as well. Moi Guiquita, an Indigenous Waorani based in the Amazon in Ecuador, uses technology to promote Indigenous land rights, environmental conservation and human rights, creating content which has reached millions through the internet, both through social media platforms and collaborations with international organisations such as Amazon Frontlines, the Pulitzer Centre and the UN's Food and Agriculture Organisation. Ensuring the presence of Indigenous Peoples in AI governance frameworks might enable the formulation of policies which are responsive to the needs and concerns of various communities. A need for such meaningful inclusion of Indigenous Peoples in the development, governance and application stages was part of the recommendations of the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues in its 24th session held in April-May 2025. Hernán Vales, Chief of the Indigenous Peoples and Minorities Section at UN Human Rights, said, 'Data sovereignty and governance are critical challenges that must be addressed in order to mitigate risks,' He was speaking on the occasion of a side event focused on AI at the 18th session of the Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (EMRIP) on August 7, 2025. Mr. Marani emphasised that indigenous people should be part of AI oversight and governance, and mooted the creation of Indigenous People-led ethics boards. He also stressed that traditional inequalities should not reflect in AI, for which owning one's data and creating one's own solutions was a good way forward. An example of this: Shani Gwin is the founder of Pipikwan Pêhtâkwan which developed an indigenous powered AI called 'wâsikan kisewâtisiwin', or AI With Heart. It seeks to correct unconscious bias or racism directed to Indigenous Peoples in written materials. Ms Gwin is a sixth-generation Métis Canadian and descendant of the Michel First Nation, who also participated in the 18th session of the EMRIP. And at times, AI may not be the solution at all. Ms. Chung questioned the premise that AI could solve all issues, highlighting that traditional knowledge or technologies could be used by environmental defenders to combat climate change. She noted that her organisation focused on capacity-building for indigenous women leaders, thus enabling them to gather and use their data in a way that was contextual to their lived realities. Other initiatives and projects In addition to this year's thematic focus, several other initiatives pertaining to Indigenous knowledge, its preservation and promotion continue to be undertaken by the United Nations and its organs. The UN Development Programme (UNDP) gave out ten 2025 Equator Prizes to community-based, Indigenous-led organizations which created sustainable solutions for development issues. The theme for the prize this year was 'Nature for Climate Action,' with a prize of $10,000 and the opportunity to join global events like the UN General Assembly and the UN Climate Change Conference (COP30) in Brazil. Winners include Bibifathima Swa Sahaya from India, which works to support farmers through initiatives like seed banks, multi-cropping, and processing which harness solar power, and the Mitra BUMMA and Ranu Welum foundations from Indonesia, which promote rainforest conservation in different ways. Groups from Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Papua New Guinea, Kenya and Tanzania also won the prize for their work combining indigenous knowledge and sustainable development. Besides this, the UN has sought to promote the conservation of indigenous languages, designating the decade from 2022 to 2032 as the Decade of Indigenous Languages. The Equator initiative, a global network promoted by UNDP, seeks to recognise the wisdom and knowledge of Indigenous Peoples and local communities around the world. Along with the International Day of World's Indigenous Peoples, several nations also have their own observances, in keeping with local customs. The United States, for example, observes Indigenous Peoples Day on the second Monday of October. The festival, which honours the native populations of the Americas, including American Indians, Native Alaskans and Native Hawaiians, arose as a response to Columbus Day, which felicitates Christopher Columbus— the man who discovered America and thereby led to its colonisation.

100 days of Operation Sindoor: What all has happened since India hit Pakistani terrorists, backers
100 days of Operation Sindoor: What all has happened since India hit Pakistani terrorists, backers

First Post

timean hour ago

  • First Post

100 days of Operation Sindoor: What all has happened since India hit Pakistani terrorists, backers

PM Modi hailed 100 days of Operation Sindoor in his Independence Day speech. Launched May 7 after the Pahalgam attack, the Operation saw precision strikes on terror bases in Pakistan and PoK, showcasing India's new defence doctrine and self-reliance in technology. In his speech, PM Modi referred to the Indus Waters Treaty and the success of Operation Sindoor while issuing a warning to Pakistan. PTI Operation Sindoor began in the early hours of May 7. Prime Minister Narendra Modi referred to the highly acclaimed military operation completing 100 days in his 12th consecutive Independence Day speech from the ramparts of the Red Fort in Delhi on Friday. The operation was launched in response to the Pahalgam terror attack, and involved precision strikes by the Indian Air Force using Rafale fighter jets among others against terrorist bases and airbases in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK). STORY CONTINUES BELOW THIS AD The Indian government announced the conclusion of Operation Sindoor on May 10 following a no-attack request from Pakistan and after achieving its objective of dismantling terror infrastructure. In these 100 days after India launched Operation Sindoor, several significant developments have unfolded, signalling a shift in India's counter-terrorism policy and a new doctrine of self-defence and self-reliance in defence. Let's recap what has happened in this period. The trigger Pahalgam terror attack, April 22: The immediate trigger for Operation Sindoor was a terror attack in Pahalgam, Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir, where 26 civilians were killed. The response Launch of Operation Sindoor, May 7: India responded by launching Operation Sindoor, involving precision missile and air strikes against nine terror infrastructure facilities in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK). India said that the strikes targeted facilities of Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT), Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM), and Hizbul Mujahideen, and deliberately avoided Pakistani military or civilian targets. Pakistan makes war on terror a bilateral conflict Pakistan's retaliation puts border on flames, May 7-10: Pakistan treated air strikes on terror hubs as an attack on its nation, and resorted to heavy cross-border shelling along the Line of Control (LoC), targeting civilian areas and causing several casualties on the Indian side. STORY CONTINUES BELOW THIS AD It also launched a drone swarm invasion into Indian airspace, intercepted by India's air defense systems. Conflict escalates, India cripples Pak force Almost a war, May 9-10: The conflict escalated further with India launching a massive strike on Pakistani assets. Pakistan's attempts to breach Indian defences fail India struck 11 Pakistani airbases, including Nur Khan and Rafiqui air bases, destroying 20 per cent of Pakistan's air force assets. Pakistan claimed to have launched Operation Bunyan-un-Marsoos, targeting Indian military bases and facilities, and also a massive misinformation campaign with claims such as cyberattacks against India's digital and power infrastructure Pakistan bends its knees Firing ceases, May 10: A ceasefire was eventually agreed upon between India and Pakistan on May 10, after hotline communication between their Directors General of Military Operations (DGMOs) on the specific request from the Pakistani side. However, Pakistan continued to send drones for some time, violating ceasefire but Indian response ensured Islamabad follows what was agreed upon between the military leaders STORY CONTINUES BELOW THIS AD Non-military response from India Alongside the military operations, India also implemented non-military measures, including placing the Indus Waters Treaty in abeyance, closing the Attari-Wagah border, suspending bilateral trade, revoking visas for Pakistani nationals in India, and banning Pakistani artists and cultural exchanges. India's actions garnered strong international support in its counter-terrorism efforts, with countries like the US, UK, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and UAE backing its stance. New defence doctrine Operation Sindoor also highlighted India's growing self-reliance in defence technology, with the indigenous Akashteer air defense system playing a crucial role in intercepting Pakistani drones and missiles. The successful deployment of this system led to it being considered a potential global export candidate. India rejects nuclear blackmail Operation Sindoor demonstrated a new strategic red line for India, making it clear that any future terror attacks will be treated as an act of war, with a strong response against both terrorists and their sponsors. India's actions redefined the rules of engagement and challenged the notion that Pakistan-based terror groups operate with impunity. STORY CONTINUES BELOW THIS AD India said it no longer be held hostage to nuclear blackmail by countries supporting or sponsoring terrorism.

Modi on ‘unjust' Indus Waters Treaty—Indus water for India & its farmers; blood & water can't flow together
Modi on ‘unjust' Indus Waters Treaty—Indus water for India & its farmers; blood & water can't flow together

The Print

time3 hours ago

  • The Print

Modi on ‘unjust' Indus Waters Treaty—Indus water for India & its farmers; blood & water can't flow together

Modi added: 'What kind of agreement was it? It has caused unimaginable damage to the farmers of my country for the last seven decades. The waters that belong to India will be used by India, for India's farmers alone and we will no longer tolerate an arrangement that deprives its farmers. In the interest of farmers, in the interest of the nation, we do not accept this agreement.' 'Now the countrymen have come to know very well how unjust the Indus Waters Treaty is, how one-sided it is. The water of the rivers originating from India is irrigating the fields of the enemies while the soil of my country, the farmers of my country are thirsting for water,' Modi said in his Independence Day address from the ramparts of the Red Fort. New Delhi: Prime Minister Narendra Modi Friday hit out at the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT), calling the agreement 'one-sided' and causing 'unimaginable damage' to Indian farmers, asserting that the 'right to water belongs to India and its farmers'. He also said, 'India has decided that blood and water will not flow together.' The comments by the Prime Minister come after Pakistani leadership in recent days have upped the ante over the flow of the Indus waters, threatening to attack India if even a drop is withheld. Pakistani army chief Asim Munir, went so far as to proclaim that Islamabad was willing to take down half the world along with India with its nuclear weapons, if the country is faced with an existential crisis. Munir made the comments at a black-tie dinner in the city of Tampa last week, while he was in the US for a function, as reported exclusively by ThePrint. Days later, Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, and former foreign minister Bilawal Bhutto Zardari joined the chorus against India, promising to 'teach' New Delhi a lesson if the flow of the Indus waters are affected. Days after the terrorist attack in Jammu and Kashmir's Pahalgam, that left 26 people dead, India issued a raft of punitive diplomatic measures against Pakistan, including holding the IWT in abeyance. The agreement signed in 1960, survived the wars of 1965 and 1971, and the Kargil conflict 1999. Also read: India can keep the Indus Waters Treaty 'in abeyance', unilaterally. Here's why 'New normal' India has at multiple times declared that the treaty will remain in 'abeyance' until Pakistan withdraws its support for cross-border terrorism. Tensions between the two neighbours have been high since the 87-hour conflict in May. India launched Operation Sindoor, targeting terrorist complexes across Pakistan, including Jaish-e-Mohammad's headquarters at Bahawalpur and the facilities of the Lashkar-e-Taiba in Muridke. New Delhi's strikes were in response to the Pahalgam terrorist attack. The Indian Prime Minister Friday reiterated that no longer will terrorists be differentiated from the government of the state supporting them. 'We will give a befitting reply', declared Modi from the Red Fort, asserting that the Indian Army 'on its own terms' will hit targets carrying out terrorist attacks from across the border. While India had been focused on degrading terrorist infrastructure during Operation Sindoor, Islamabad escalated the conflict by targeting New Delhi's military infrastructure. Eventually after 87 hours, both countries arrived at a bilateral understanding to pause hostilities. However, Modi has made clear that Operation Sindoor is not finished, and that the paradigm to deal with terrorist attacks has changed. 'Our country has been bearing terrorism for many decades. The chest of the country has been pierced. Now we have established a new normal, we will no longer consider terrorism and those who nurture terrorists, those who give strength to terrorists, as different,' said Modi Friday. India, Thursday rejected the award announced by the Permanent Court of Arbitration in the Hague, with regards to the IWT. 'India has never accepted the legality, legitimacy, or competence of the so-called Court of Arbitration. Its pronouncements are, therefore, without jurisdiction, devoid of legal standing, and have no bearing on India's rights of utilisation of waters,' Randhir Jaiswal, the official spokesperson for the Ministry of External Affairs, said Thursday at a regular press briefing. Jaiswal added: 'As reiterated in our press release of 27 June 2025, the Indus Waters Treaty stands in abeyance by a sovereign decision of the Government of India, taken in response to Pakistan's continued sponsorship of cross-border terrorism, including the barbaric Pahalgam attack.' (Edited by Viny Mishra) Also read: Ending Indus treaty may hurt Pakistan's poor, but it'll also unite it with anti-India hatred

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