
CDS dismisses case for a written National Security Strategy
NEW DELHI: Dismissing the need for a written National Security Strategy (NSS), chief of defence staff General Anil Chauhan has said India has the requisite organisational structures, processes and policies in place to to secure the nation.
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In his new book 'Ready, Relevant and Resurgent: A Blueprint for the Transformation of India's Military', the CDS said strategic analysts and political pundits in India and abroad often state that India does not have a NSS. 'That is incorrect and a myopic understanding of the issue. What we don't have is a written document called NSS, which is published periodically by some Western nations,' he said.
Israel, the 'most threatened nation on earth', does not have a written policy document or NSS.
'On the contrary, Pakistan issued a written National Security Policy in 2022 and soon ran into economic problems, political instability, rift between the Armed Forces and the citizens and problems on its western borders,' he said.
Pakistan had the written document but lacked the organisational structures, processes and policies to secure itself, the CDS said.
In 2022, soon after retiring as the Army chief, Gen M M Naravane had argued that India urgently needed to have a NSS that lays down long-term national and geopolitical objectives in the face of myriad threats, stating it would be a folly to create theatre commands without such a policy in place.
'Unless there is a NSS in place, just to keep talking of `theaterisation' is to actually put the cart before the horse,' Gen Naravane had said.
A primary task before the CDS is the long-delayed creation of tri-Service unified theatre commands to ensure India gets an integrated war fighting machinery within budgetary constraints.
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Indian Express
an hour ago
- Indian Express
P Chidambaram writes: War against a fused front
I submitted my column by the deadline ('That's the way the cookie crumbles', Indian Express, June 1, 2025) but was unlucky by 24 hours. The Chief of Defence Staff (CDS), General Anil Chauhan, gave an interview on May 31, 2025 at Singapore to Bloomberg and Reuters. The timing, place and the choice of media were indeed surprising but not alarmingly wrong. The occasion was the Shangri-La Dialogue: it is a Track One inter-governmental security conference held annually in Singapore by the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS). Singapore is a friendly country. The truth had to be told some day. I feel it would have been more appropriate to convene a special session of Parliament and for the prime minister or defence minister to make a statement on Operation Sindoor, and invite a discussion. However, it was egregious behaviour on the part of bhakts to troll General Chauhan (as they trolled Foreign Secretary, Mr Vikram Misri). General Chauhan could not have spoken without instructions from the highest levels of government. What he said was simple and straightforward: that the Indian military achieved its objectives but suffered losses. He admitted that tactical mistakes were made on May 7; that the Armed Forces' leaders had re-strategised; and India launched a fresh attack on the night of May 9-10 targeting Pakistan's military airbases. The CDS did not quantify the losses, but independent experts and the international media have put the loss as five aircraft: 3 Rafale, 1 Sukhoi and 1 MIG. The issue of 'tactical mistakes' and 'losses' require deeper and sober analysis by military experts, not uninformed noisy debates on television screens. From the information (some verified, some not) available in the public domain the following are clear: The purpose of this article is not to play amateur military analyst. It is to make the point that India finds itself in a new situation. It is now fairly well-established that Chinese aircraft (J-10), Chinese missiles (PL-15) and Chinese air defence systems were in full play in Pakistan's defence-offence strategy. The adversary was Pakistani pilots in Chinese aircraft, Pakistani fingers on the trigger of Chinese missiles, and Pakistani generals carrying out a strategic plan drawn by Chinese generals. Further, Chinese satellites and Chinese AI seem to have guided Pakistan. In short, China seemed to have used the opportunity to test its military hardware on the battlefield and fight a proxy war against India. Which takes us to the next major issue. How relevant and efficacious is the three-point doctrine laid down by prime minister Narendra Modi in the radically altered situation? The doctrine posits that India will fight a war against Pakistan. No longer. It is now clear that if a war is thrust upon India, India will fight a war against Pakistan and China fused into one adversary. The Indian war preparedness based on a one-front war or a two-front war has been blown away: any future war will be a fused-front war. Mr Modi's first rule in his three-point doctrine is that every terrorist attack will get a befitting response. A cross-border stealth attack by the Indian Army (in response to Uri) or a solitary air strike by the Indian Air Force (in response to Pathankot) were no longer deterrent responses. Hence, the response to Pahalgam was a four-day war. If terrorist attacks do not cease, what next? A longer, escalated war? A war against the fused front? India's foreign policy under Mr Narendra Modi has proved to be woefully inadequate in the changed circumstances. Despite India's opposition, on May 9, IMF approved USD 1 billion to Pakistan under Extended Fund Facility (EFF), bringing the total disbursements to USD 2.1 billion. On June 3, ADB approved a loan of USD 800 million to Pakistan. Recently, the World Bank decided to lend Pakistan USD 40 billion over a ten-year period. On these decisions, the U.S. and China were on the same side. The greatest irony is that Pakistan was elected Chairman of the UNSC Taliban Sanctions Committee and Vice Chairman of the UNSC Counter Terrorism Committee! (source: Mr Pawan Khera, Chairman, AICC Media & Publicity Department). All these happened during and after Operation Sindoor and when our MPs' delegations were briefing countries of the world. Every country condemned terrorism but, to the best of my information, no country condemned Pakistan. As I wrote last week, it is time to go back to the drawing board to re-think India's military's strategy and foreign policy. With acute minds.


The Hindu
7 hours ago
- The Hindu
A General for all seasons
The comments made by Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) Gen. Anil Chauhan, in an interview with an international media outlet, on the sidelines of the Shangri-La Dialogue in Singapore last month, triggered a flurry of sharp reactions from various quarters in India. Responding to the queries about the losses on the Indian side during Operation Sindoor, Gen. Chauhan confirmed what the Director General of Air Operations, Air Marshal A.K. Bharti, had alluded to at a joint briefing on May 11. 'We are in a combat scenario, losses are a part of combat. The question you must ask us we achieved our objective of decimating the terrorist camps? And the answer is a thumping yes!,' Air Marshal Bharti had said, not disclosing the exact details of the losses. Gen. Chauhan echoed the same in Singapore. 'What I can say is that on May 7, in the initial stages, there were losses, but the numbers — that's not important. What was important is why did these losses occur. So, we rectified that and then went back on 7th, 8th and 10th,' he said. During the military operation, which saw a full-spectrum and multi-domain kinetic action by the tri-services against a 'nuclear-armed' adversary, in close coordination with the intelligence agencies and para-military forces, the CDS played a critical role. A new post It was from the ramparts of Red Fort, during his Independence Day speech on August 15, 2019, that Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced the creation of the post of CDS. As enumerated later by the Union Cabinet, CDS was also to head the Department of Military Affairs to deal with areas such as the armed forces, integrated headquarters of the Defence Ministry, jointness in procurement, training, and staffing for the services, restructuring of military commands for optimal utilisation of resources through establishment of joint theatre commands; and promoting use of indigenous defence equipment. CDS, who is also the permanent Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee, acts as the Principal Military Adviser to the Defence Minister on all tri-service matters. While the post is above the three Service Chiefs, it does not exercise any military command. Also read: Soldier Number One: on creation of CDS post Gen. Chauhan assumed charge as the country's second CDS on September 30, 2022, nine months after Gen. Bipin Rawat died in a chopper crash in December 2021. For the first time since independence, a three-star Lieutenant General-rank officer became a four-star General after retirement. During a career spanning over 40 years, Gen. Chauhan has held several key posts and possesses extensive experience in counter-insurgency operations in Jammu & Kashmir and the Northeast. 'Illustrious service' Born on May 18, 1961, he was commissioned into the 11 Gorkha Rifles of the Army in 1981. He is an alumnus of the National Defence Academy, Khadakwasla, and Indian Military Academy, Dehradun. As a Major General, he led an Infantry Division in the Baramulla sector in the Northern Command and later commanded a corps in the Northeast. He was the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the Eastern Command from September 2019, and held the charge until his retirement from the service in May 2021. He then served as a Military Adviser to the National Security Council Secretariat from October 2021 to September 2022. Besides the command positions, he had also served as the Director General of Military Operations. 'For his distinguished and illustrious service in the Army, Lt. Gen. Anil Chauhan (Retired) was awarded the Param Vishisht Seva Medal, Uttam Yudh Seva Medal, Ati Vishisht Seva Medal, Sena Medal, and Vishisht Seva Medal,' as per a government note. Over the years, especially after the abrogation of Article 370 on August 5, 2019, the developmental initiatives undertaken by the government in all sectors started to show results in Jammu & Kashmir. Just when peace and prosperity seemed to be returning in the region, terrorists struck in Pahalgam on April 22. Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who promised an unprecedented response, held meetings with top executive functionaries, including the Chief of Defence Staff. The armed forces and intelligence agencies were granted 'complete operational freedom' to determine the mode, targets, and the timing of India's response, according to the government. Several rounds of brainstorming resulted in the conception of Operation Sindoor. In the intervening night of May 6 and 7, nine terror bases located deep inside Pakistan and the Pakistan-occupied Jammu & Kashmir were struck. Sharing details of the operation, the government said the Air Force bypassed and jammed Pakistan's Chinese-supplied air defence systems, completing the mission in 23 minutes using Rafale jets, SCALP missiles, and HAMMER bombs. 'On May 9-10, India became the first country to strike 11 airbases of a nuclear-armed nation in a single operation, destroying 20% of Pakistan's air force assets. High casualties were inflicted and key air platforms destroyed,' said the government. Losses in the air The Pakistani side claimed to have downed six Indian jets. Clearing the air, Gen. Chauhan on May 31 dismissed the claims as baseless. He, nevertheless, confirmed that there were indeed 'losses in the air'. In his public addresses, Gen. Chauhan has described Operation Sindoor as a decisive move to draw the limits of tolerance and make it clear to Pakistan that it cannot hold India hostage to terror, and that India cannot 'live in the shadow of terror or nuclear blackmail'. Given that Pakistan mostly relied on Chinese sources, while India had a wide range of indigenously developed systems to bank on, Gen. Chauhan noted that it was a manifestation of India's push for self-reliance. He underscored the institutional reforms undertaken to ensure an integrated approach with more flexible structures, emphasising the requirement for dedicated organisations for drones, electronic warfare, and unmanned aerial platforms. In use were battle-proven Air Defence systems like the Pechora, OSA-AK and LLAD guns; Akash, a short range surface-to-air missile system; and loitering munitions (suicide drones). The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) too contributed with at least 10 satellites working round-the-clock monitoring the entire northern region. 'Around 1 a.m. on May 10, Pakistan wanted India to get on its knees in 48 hours. However, India's defence compelled them to come to a truce,' Gen. Chauhan said at an event on 'Future Wars and Warfare' at Savitribai Phule Pune University on June 3. 'Their 48-hour plan was summed up in eight hours and followed by a phone call for a ceasefire.'


Time of India
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- Time of India
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