
Giant pod of over 1,500 dolphins spotted ‘having a big party' off California coast
Marine biologists have captured a rare sight of a giant pod of over 1,500 dolphins leaping and swimming off the California coast.
The 'super pod' of Risso's dolphins was spotted in Carmel Bay, off central California's coast.
This species, which can grow to over 10ft long and weigh as much as half a metric tonne, is identified by its white scarring. It has adapted to live near continental shelves where it can search for prey at depths of about 600 metres.
Carmel Bay is considered a haven for marine life with its nutrient-rich waters supporting rockfish, leopard sharks, bottlenose dolphins, and sea lions. The bay extends from shallow pools to a submarine canyon that reaches depths of nearly 150 metres.
While the Risso's dolphins usually travel in pods of 10 to 30 animals, the sighting of them in an extremely large cluster of hundreds of individuals is rare, scientists say.
The dolphins usually form smaller, more stable subgroups within large pods, with fidelity between members. Studies have shown long-term bonds between adult males of the species.
Researchers initially planned to take a trip to track migrating Gray whales but were amazed to see over 1,500 dolphins swimming around their boat.
'They were just having a great time. So they were breaching everywhere, tail slapping, coming right over to the boat. They looked like they were having a big party,' marine biologist Colleen Talty from the Monterey Bay Whale Watch Center said.
'They were on the horizon I feel like as far as I could see,' Evan Brodsky from the Monterey Bay Whale Watch said.
Sightings of dolphins in newer areas such as off of the subarctic Norwegian coast indicate that the species is expanding its range.
Research suggests increasing noise in the oceans due to human presence threatens Risso's dolphin populations. Low-frequency noise of motorised boats appears to disrupt the acoustic behaviour, including the clicks and buzzes, the dolphins use to find prey.
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Telegraph
28-04-2025
- Telegraph
A global rice crisis looms – can technology level the (paddy) field?
From paella and sushi to jollof and biryani, rice feeds over half the world's population. Yet the staple grain is under threat. More frequent droughts, extreme heat and erratic weather in Asia, where 90 per cent of the world's rice is grown, have damaged crops and reduced yields, sending prices soaring and creating a global crisis. In Japan, ubiquitous bowls of donburi are starting to look more precious. The government has had to dip into its emergency stockpile, auctioning off 165,000 tonnes of rice to bring down rising costs. In the Philippines, a 'food security emergency' has been declared, allowing the government to release buffer stocks to help check rising rice prices. And in Indonesia, ministers are setting aside a further million hectares of land for rice production – an area six times the size of Greater London – to meet soaring global demand. More than 3.5 billion people around the world depend on rice for essential calories and nutrition, among them people living in some of the poorest countries. It is these populations who will suffer if the rice shortage continues, experts say. But there is hope yet for the world's favourite grain. In recent years, a revolution has begun to bear fruit, with new technologies emerging to make rice production more resilient and more sustainable. Genetic modification In 2021, the Philippines became the first country to approve nutrient-enriched 'golden rice' – a grain genetically modified to fight vitamin A deficiency – but crop modification has come a long way since then. Prof Julie Gray, Professor of Plant Cell Signalling at the University of Sheffield, is developing drought- and heat-resistant rice crops for the UK Rice Research Consortium. She and her colleagues are producing rice plants with fewer stomata – the tiny pores through which carbon dioxide enters, and water leaves, to make them more resilient in arid conditions. Cereals like rice are slow to adapt to changes in their environment, but carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere are significantly higher than they have been in the past and are expected to rise further. At first she was doing this through genetic modification. This has become easier since the introduction of The Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Bill (2023), allowing the use and development of genetically modified plants across the UK. Yet many people are still sceptical of genetically modified foods, so Prof Gray has been working with scientists in Thailand to create mutants through selective breeding, rather than genetic modification. 'Let me show you some of the rice,' she says, rummaging around in her bag for a moment before producing several plastic bags bulging with rice. The grains are a surprising array of colours, from off-white to deep red. 'I have actually eaten some of my low stomatal density rice,' she says. 'As a genetic engineer we very rarely get to eat anything that we make, so doing it with plant breeders who are using non-GM techniques is really exciting.' Did she enjoy it though? There's a long pause and she wrinkles her face in distaste – it seems GM rice still has a way to go when it comes to flavour. Drones and satellite technology It's not just the crops that are evolving, but the way they are planted. Increasingly, drones are being used to plant rice, spread fertilisers, and map weeds and nutrient levels in rice fields, making the process more precise and efficient. Drones are also helping farmers to offset labour shortages across Asia, as people migrate from rural locations to cities. But the upfront cost of the drones can be prohibitive. 'Indian agriculture is dominated by small and marginal farmers who can't afford the precision agriculture practices [like drones],' says Jayahari KM, India Country Coordinator for the World Resources Institute (WRI). This is why, last year, the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) launched the Drones4Rice Project in the Philippines, which aims to improve access for smallholder farmers. So far, the project has been a success. Dr Alisher Mizabaev, who works for the IRRI, says: 'I was surprised myself when I asked a farmer in Thailand, 'How do you do this seeding?' He said he used drones because everyone else has moved to Bangkok to work outside of agriculture. There is not enough labour anymore.' Drones aren't the only way rice farming has taken to the skies. Satellites are also being used to map rice paddies, estimate methane emissions and even predict yield. One scientist doing this is Dr Belen Marti-Cardona, an associate professor in earth observation and hydrology at the University of Surrey. 'We need a lot of parameters,' she says, 'such as the type of soil, meteorological information, temperature and flooding status of the field'. Key to her work is reducing methane emissions – something that needs to happen if we are to continue ramping up the production of rice around the world. 'Farmers can get paid for reducing their emissions, so what we're doing with satellite data is verifying that this is happening,' she says. Direct seeded rice Ironically, while climate change is damaging the cultivation of rice, rice production itself is contributing to climate change and feeding the vicious cycle. Rice cultivation alone accounts for 12 per cent of the methane created by people, a gas which warms the planet 25 times faster than carbon dioxide. It also uses a lot of water – around 2,500 litres per kilogram of rice, which is enough to fill about sixteen bathtubs. Sustainable rice farming doesn't necessarily require a high-tech solution; just changing the way it's grown can have a significant impact. A method called direct seeded rice (DSR) moves away from the traditional method of rice production – flooding fields and then transplanting seedlings into the water – and instead sews the seeds directly into the field. This reduces methane emissions, water usage, and damage to the soil. Dr Smita Kurup, a plant developmental biologist at Rothamstead Research, is an expert in the technique. 'Rice is not a thirsty crop,' she tells The Telegraph. 'Puddled fields is the traditional practice so we have consistently selected rice varieties that perform well in [this environment]. But rice absolutely does not need to be grown like that.' She has screened hundreds of rice plants and selected the best varieties for DSR, so that farmers can transition to the new technique without compromising their yield. But the sheer number of rice varieties presents its own challenge. 'Rice is funny,' she says. 'In every country, the kind of rice you grow has different properties in terms of taste and how it feels in the mouth and the cuisine – compare jasmine rice and sticky rice to long grain rice for example.' This means that different DSR-varieties need to be selected and introduced in every country – it's not a fast process but it's an effective one. 'I hope that all these initiatives will lead to collaboration, and making sure we are growing rice in a good way,' says Dr Mirzabaev. 'I'm very optimistic.' Protect yourself and your family by learning more about Global Health Security


NBC News
25-04-2025
- NBC News
Amid federal research cuts, some Antarctic tourist cruises are sponsoring scientists
During Antarctica's warm season, the sleek Norwegian passenger ship known as the MS Fridtjof Nansen departs regularly from Argentina for its journey south across the turbulent Drake Passage, down to the Antarctic Peninsula. The cruise carries wealthy adventurers, bucket listers and, increasingly, polar scientists looking to gather data as public funding for Antarctic research vanishes under the Trump administration. The National Science Foundation is one of the largest funders of scientific research in the world, with an annual budget of roughly $9 billion that supports the bulk of U.S. Antarctic research. Over the last few months, the Trump administration has ordered deep cuts to the agency, leaving scientists to wonder how they'll study everything from melting glaciers and ice sheets to the impact of pollution from power plants and wildfires. On Thursday, Sethuraman Panchanathan, the director of the National Science Foundation, resigned after the White House directed him to slash the agency's budget and staff by more than half, according to exclusive reporting from Science. Panchanathan's resignation follows an earlier order from Elon Musk's Department of Government Efficiency to freeze funds for all new research grants at the National Science Foundation, and last week's announcement that DOGE will be terminating over $200 million in 'wasteful' research grants awarded by the agency. Some experts are concerned that the Trump administration's ongoing cuts to the National Science Foundation may signal the end for American research in Antarctica. James Barnes, the co-founder of the Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition, an international alliance for environmental nongovernmental organizations focusing on Antarctic conservation and research, says that the National Science Foundation has become an 'evil word' among many in the Trump administration. 'It's tragic to me having the National Science Foundation's budget cut,' he said in an interview with NBC News. 'For what reason? It's not good for us on lots of levels, because there's lots to be learned in Antarctica.' President Donald Trump's directives specifically targeting Antarctic research include high-profile firings of several National Science Foundation staffers working on Antarctic projects and cuts to essential construction funding for McMurdo Station, the biggest U.S. research base on the continent. Research operations based in Antarctica had already been dwindling for several years — decades of robust field work were disrupted and never recovered from Covid-19 restrictions. Now, research on the world's southernmost continent is facing several years under Trump's slash-and-burn policies. But aboard the MS Fridtjof Nansen and its sister ship, the MS Roald Amundsen, polar scientists have reliable funding for their research. HX Expeditions, which operates the two Antarctic ships, hosts researchers from institutions like Western Washington University; the University of California, Santa Cruz; and the National Snow and Ice Data Center. Their room and board is covered by ticket purchases from tourists sailing to Antarctica for their once-in-a-lifetime trips. 'We would not be able to support the research that we are supporting if we did not have paying customers that would allow our ships to go down south,' Verena Meraldi, chief scientist of HX Expeditions, said. 'It's not easy [to get there]. There are not many flights going down here and there are fewer and fewer research vessels.' The tourists traveling with HX Expeditions are part of the exploding ecotourism industry, which centers on experiencing nature while supporting local conservation. The number of visitors to Antarctica has increased from around 8,000 every year in the 1990s to more than 120,000 annually, according to the latest data from the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators. By 2035, the ecotourism market is projected to grow to over $550 billion. On its late March expedition to the Antarctic Peninsula, the MS Fridtjof Nansen was home to more than 400 ecotourists and several researchers, including Freya Alldred, a doctoral student from Durham University in England who says that without this cruise, it's unlikely she would have been able to get to Antarctica. Alldred traveled with sterilized bags to collect samples of seaweed growing in Antarctic waters and snow algae, which blooms on the continent's vast expanse of snow. She is studying how climate change affects the carbon content of these Antarctic species, and the cruise offered a unique opportunity to collect new samples. 'We've not been to anywhere with a research base,' Alldred said. 'If instead, I'd gone to the British Antarctic base, I could only sample within my area. Whereas here, we've been to five different sites across the peninsula that have potentially not been studied before.' The boat housed scientists and ecotourists in close quarters, giving scientists the rare opportunity to explain their work directly to nonscientists through interactive sessions in the onboard lab. For 10 days, eager passengers attended lectures from resident researchers, ate with them in the ship's restaurants and shared their first steps on the vast polar desert that is Antarctica. 'To share these experiences with people and then explain why we do the research, what types of questions we're answering with it, and for them to see it firsthand is incredible,' said Chloe Lew, a researcher working with California Ocean Alliance to capture the impact of tourist boats on humpback whales in the Antarctic. 'It kind of fires me up at my passion for the work.'


The Guardian
23-04-2025
- The Guardian
Norway launches scheme to lure top researchers away from US universities
Norway has launched a new scheme to lure top international researchers amid growing pressure on academic freedom in the US under the Trump administration. Following in the footsteps of multiple institutions across Europe, the Research Council of Norway on Wednesday launched a 100m kroner (£7.2m) fund to make it easier to recruit researchers from other countries. The initiative is open to researchers from around the world, but it was expanded and accelerated after the Trump administration announced substantial cuts last month. Norway's announcement comes before a visit to the White House by the Norwegian prime minister, Jonas Gahr Støre, and his finance minister, the former Nato secretary-general Jens Stoltenberg. Subjects on the agenda are expected to include security, defence, Ukraine, tariffs and trade. The Nordic country's minister for research and higher education, Sigrun Aasland, said: 'It is important for Norway to be proactive in a demanding situation for academic freedom. We can make a difference for outstanding researchers and important knowledge, and we want to do that as quickly as possible.' Aasland added: 'Academic freedom is under pressure in the US, and it is an unpredictable position for many researchers in what has been the world's leading knowledge nation for many decades.' The research council said it would put out a call for proposals next month including in the areas of climate, health, energy and artificial intelligence. The scheme is planned to take place over several years, with 100m kroner set aside for 2026. Mari Sundli Tveit, the chief executive of the research council, told broadcaster NRK: 'This is particularly relevant to the situation in the US. Academic freedom is under pressure and funding is being cut.' Other countries to take similar action include France, where nearly 300 academics have applied to Aix-Marseille University's offer to take US-based researchers and the former French president François Hollande has called for the creation of a 'scientific refugee' status for compromised academics. The Belgian university, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, has also opened up new postdoctoral positions targeted at Americans and the Netherlands has said it plans to launch a fund to attract researchers there.