Urban growth may fuel heat stress in Patna, say scientists
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Patna: The historic city of Patna, which has experienced rapid urbanisation over the past few decades, is likely to face more extreme heat and fewer cold days in the coming years, according to a new study published in the 'International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Climatology'.
The research, led by Pradhan Parth Sarthi, head of the environmental science department at the Central University of South Bihar, highlighted the increasing climatic challenges facing Patna, a city also undergoing development as part of the Smart Cities Mission. These challenges include the formation of urban heat islands and more frequent flooding, both linked to extreme weather events.
The study projected that between 2030 and 2065, under the current global warming scenario, Patna will experience a significant rise in the number of days with temperatures exceeding 40°C.
It also forecast a considerable increase in the percentage of days when the daily maximum temperature will be above normal.
Conversely, the number of colder days – with minimum temperatures below 10°C – is expected to decline. "Such changes in extreme temperature indices may have a major impact on the urban climate," the study said. It warned of potential consequences for public health, including an increase in heat-related illnesses such as heat stress and exhaustion.
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The researchers observed that Patna has undergone accelerated urbanisation in recent decades as people have migrated from rural areas and smaller towns in search of better livelihoods and living conditions. Situated in the densely populated Gangetic plains, which are home to 40% of India's population, Patna exemplifies unchecked urban expansion. "Most of the city's high-rises lack green spaces or green rooftops, in clear violation of environmental norms," the study said.
In response to such issues, the Smart Cities Mission was launched by the Prime Minister on June 25, 2015, aiming to promote urban areas that offer core infrastructure, a clean and sustainable environment and an improved quality of life through smart solutions.
Co-investigator Prabhat Kumar said the findings could inform sustainable urban planning for Patna. "We have conducted similar analyses for Delhi, Lucknow, Prayagraj and Varanasi," he added.
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