Eskom debt is strangling Endumeni, warns Chamber
'They do not budget properly,' said newly elected Chamber president Alan Schonken, adding that infrastructure maintenance should account for 8% of the capital budget but typically sits just above 3%. Hence, the perpetual battle with poor roads and failing streetlights.
Former councillor Anthon Raubenheimer pointed out that three years ago, Endumeni had no Eskom debt, but now finds itself in turmoil. Raubenheimer also criticised the outdated municipal website and residents' inability to comment on the 2025/26 draft budget, which must be passed imminently.
Paul Coetser warned of collapsing sewage systems—an Umzinyathi District responsibility—calling the leaks a 'doomsday warning' that makes living and doing business in Endumeni unpleasant. Meanwhile, Pam McFadden of Talana Museum cautioned about 17 new mining applications, describing them as the start of fracking that could jeopardise groundwater supplies.
Members lamented the absence of Endumeni and Umzinyathi councillors at Chamber meetings. 'The only recourse is to petition higher authorities,' one member declared, urging collective action to pull the municipality back from the brink of total collapse.'
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Daily Maverick
12 hours ago
- Daily Maverick
Mozambique's Cahora Bassa Dam expansion plan offers Eskom a fresh clean energy option
The Mozambican government-owned hydroelectric power company is looking at Eskom as a potential customer for the additional 1,245MW generation capacity that it plans to add to its existing plant at the Cahora Bassa Dam. Eskom is already the biggest client of the Hidroeléctrica de Cahora Bassa (HCB), the company that operates the Cahora Bassa Dam plant, with about 60% of the power generated at the dam travelling more than 1,400km on two parallel power lines between Cahora Bassa in Songo, northern Mozambique and the Apollo substation near Pretoria. Cahora Bassa has a 2,075MW generation capacity, and the Mozambican government is in discussions with the World Bank to raise money for the expansion of the dam's northern bank and the construction of a new hydropower plant at the Mphanda Nkuwa Dam. The latter dam is downstream from Cahora Bassa, also along the same Zambezi River, and is expected to generate 1,500MW of clean energy. The expansion of the Cahora Bassa Dam scheme has received the backing of the World Bank and will increase generation capacity through the installation of three turning turbines – each generating 415MW. The projects are estimated to cost more than $6-billion. With Eskom under pressure to keep the grid stable while trying to meet obligations to use cleaner energy sources, the power utility's spokesperson Daphne Mokwena told Daily Maverick that HCB's plans were in line with Eskom's mandate. 'One of Eskom's mandates is to ensure a reliable, sustainable and clean energy grid for the country. Eskom will review all HCB plans for future growth and give feedback once all the relevant details have been presented,' she said. Mozambique has its own challenges as it has to meet its domestic electricity demand and has set a target of 2030 to meet this need. According to the World Bank 2023 figures, only 36% of the Mozambican population had access to electricity, compared with 87.7% in South Africa. In February 2024, Bloomberg reported – based on an unpublished energy transition strategy – that the Mozambican government intended to end the partnership with Eskom when the contract expired in December 2030. Eskom said talks on the matter were yet to be concluded. Said Mokwena: 'As the discussions are ongoing, there has been no conclusion on this matter. Eskom is therefore not able to comment on this question at this stage'. However, Mokwena stressed that while Eskom continues to buy power from HCB, the utility 'will continue to rely on its own generation fleet'. 'Notably, the returned 800MW from Medupi Unit 4, the additional new 800MW capacity from Kusile Unit 6, and the planned return of 930MW from Koeberg Unit 1 by August 2025 will significantly boost available capacity,' she said. The 50-year-old Cahora Bassa Dam scheme is a Mozambican government flagship and was showcased to World Bank President Ajay Banga, who visited Mozambique last week. Banga was the guest of Mozambican President Daniel Chapo, who is driving the development of Mozambique's untapped energy sources. The 48-year-old Chapo (the governing party, Frelimo's, candidate) was elected president following the disputed October 2024 elections. The development of the war-ravaged country is at the centre of his plans. Ambitious renewable energy plans Chapo said the main objective of the World Bank's visit was to identify areas of possible investment in the country's energy plans. 'Mozambique has a geographic location that allows for wind farms, so we are currently working with the World Bank Group, through the IFC (International Finance Corporation) which is part of the World Bank Group. 'We can have a public-private partnership, who can come and invest in this entire energy matrix we're talking about – producing electricity through hydroelectric plants, solar plants, gas plants, and also wind farms,' said Chapo. Speaking after a tour of Cahora Bassa, Banga said Mozambique had the potential of becoming the 'energy powerhouse' of southern Africa. 'Frankly, in this part of Africa, nobody has the capacity or capability to do what can be done with the assets of this country. 'We are discussing with the government of Mozambique the idea of investing in another 1,500MW downstream from (Cahora Bassa). 'And then in the meantime, we're also doing some investing in solar capacity, 400MW. And then (Chapo) has some master plans, which I think are even more interesting in terms of adding more capacity (at Cahora Bassa) and renovating this plant and then adding further downstream,' said Banga. Cahora Bassa is a major contributor to the Mozambican economy. It generated $547-million in revenue in 2024 and contributed $302-million to the southern African country's fiscus in the same year. HCB CEO Tomás Matola said that while they continued to make a major contribution to the Mozambican economy, the age of the plant was a threat to its revenue plans. He told the World Bank's Banga that they needed to refurbish Cahora Bassa's generators to future-proof the plant. Said Matola: 'From the supply side, our big challenge is because of the age of our equipment. It is 50 years old, so all our equipment is obsolete, so now we need to do a deep rehabilitation of our power plant and substations.' Southern Africa presently has a shortage of 10,000MW, while Mozambique plans to increase its power generation for the benefit of the domestic and the regional market. 'In Mozambique, we do have a challenge of electrification of all the country… So we have increasing demand from the domestic market, but also the regional market,' said Matola. 'As we need to diversify our power matrix, we have a project for producing 400MW of photovoltaic power. We believe that by 2027, we can start building this project,' said Matola, adding that HCB's vision was to generate 4,000MW of clean energy by 2034. The plans for the 400MW solar power plant include the construction of two solar farms with 200MW generation capacity each. Climate change threat to cleaner energy projects While there is a global drive towards renewable energy and less reliance on fossil fuel energy sources, such as coal, cleaner energy sources are not without challenges. For instance, Cahora Bassa's generation capacity has been adversely affected by the drought that has gripped countries along the Zambezi River. The dam's levels are currently at 25%, meaning that water management techniques have to be applied to maintain the flow through the five generators – thus reducing power generation. According to engineers at HCB, that is the lowest level the dam has reached in its 50-year history. That means Eskom has been getting less power from the plant. This was confirmed by Eskom spokesperson Daphne Mokwena, who said that the power utility had received 45% less electricity from Cahora Bassa than the previous year. 'Cyclically, southern Africa is affected by droughts, and Eskom's supply from HCB has been affected. During the droughts, Eskom relies on its own generation fleet. 'Eskom is receiving less power from HCB as compared to the previous year, due to the drought currently affecting the SADC region. The average loss of power is 45% when compared to last year,' said Mokwena. Cahora Bassa Dam is built on the Zambezi River, which flows through six countries – namely Zambia, Angola, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe and then joins the Indian Ocean in Beira, northern Mozambique. The drought in the SADC region has seen levels at Kariba Dam – between Zimbabwe and Zambia – reach an alarming level of about 11% last year. According to the Zambezi River Authority, the Lake Kariba water levels were sitting at 24.3% on 14 July 2025, compared with 11.5% recorded on the same date in 2025. In July 2023, Kariba's levels were at 31%. However, while the levels have improved at Kariba, the benefits have yet to be realised downstream at Cahora Bassa, as the former is not releasing much water as it is still recovering from the lower levels. Fast facts on Cahora Bassa The construction of the dam took place between 1969 and 1974, resulting in the biggest hydroelectric power plant in southern Africa. Power is generated by water passing through five vertical generator units – each producing 415MW and a total of 2,075MW. Eskom is HCB's biggest client, buying 58% of the power generated at the plant, while 39% goes to the Mozambican state-owned energy company – 3% is sold to the Zimbabwean power utility. The staff complement at HCB consists of Mozambican citizens, with 741 permanent workers and 685 seasonal workers. Another 2,000 indirect workers benefit from the plant, through its suppliers. *Source: Hidroeléctrica de Cahora Bassa (HCB) World Bank Group structure The World Bank Group comprises five organisations that specialise in differing areas, namely: The World Bank, whose official name is the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, which lends to low- and middle-income countries; The International Development Association, which also lends to low-income countries The International Finance Corporation, which lends to the private sector; The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency, which 'encourages' private companies to invest in foreign countries; and The International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes, which mediates disputes between private investors and foreign countries. DM Sibusiso Ngalwa is a journalist, a cabbage farmer and a breeder of boer goats. His trip was sponsored by the Hidroeléctrica de Cahora Bassa (HCB), the company that operates the Cahora Bassa plant.
IOL News
3 days ago
- IOL News
FlySafair, Solidarity union head back to negotiating table after ‘some progress made'
FlySafair has made schedule changes affecting flights from July 22 to 28. Image: Supplied The mediation process between FlySafair and Solidarity, the labour union representing the carrier's striking pilots, is set to resume on Friday afternoon. 'We have reached a sensitive stage in the discussions and some progress has been made. Parties will reconvene on Friday at 2pm, to continue discussions,' a source at Solidarity told IOL. The strike and lockout conditions remain the same since talks began on Wednesday, the source added, and in the interim, parties have agreed to a media blackout to 'ensure the integrity of the process'. A FlySafair spokesperson told IOL that the airline continues to run a stable, reduced timetable and remains engaged in mediation with Solidarity and the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA). The airline has reportedly entered into an agreement with South African Airways (SAA) to operate two of its daily flights under a 'passenger protection agreement'. However, there are fears that flight cancellations could be necessary next week if the strike is not resolved. That's because the pilots who are currently operating FlySafair's reduced schedule could reach their legal flying time limit by then, The Citizen reports. These regulations, designed to prevent fatigue, state that pilots cannot fly for more than 40 hours within a seven-day period. According to Solidarity, the strike was initially meant to last for one day (Monday), in order to get FlySafair to the negotiating table. But it said the airline then responded by locking out the pilots for seven days. Solidarity member pilots are demanding a 10.5% increase for 2025/26, with pilots claiming they're still earning 10% less than pre-pandemic levels. However, FlySafair says that this would amount to a cost-to-company increase of more than 20% once additional demands had been factored in, which it says is an unsustainable escalation for any company. The airline has offered its pilots an 'above inflation' increase of 5.7%. Next Stay Close ✕ FlySafair maintains that its pilots are among the best-compensated professionals in South Africa, with captains earning between R1.8 million and R2.3 million per year. However, the pilot roster system is a significant point of contention for pilots. ALSO READ: Why FlySafair pilots are striking - it's more than just money In a statement released earlier this week, Solidarity claimed that FlySafair's new rostering system drastically changed the established working conditions of pilots, impeding their rest periods and undermining their family life. 'As pilots' workdays often start before sunrise and last until late at night, sufficient rest is of utmost importance for the safety and well-being of pilots and passengers alike. 'In addition, pilots work seven days a week on a rotating schedule, which significantly impacts their family life compared to those who work standard office hours,' Solidarity said. Responding to earlier accusations that pilots were overworked, FlySafair said its captains spent an average of 63 hours in the cockpit last month, which is well within regulatory limits set by the Civil Aviation Authority, IATA and ICAO, which cap flight duty at 100 hours per month. This is a developing story. Stay tuned to IOL for further updates. IOL News
Mail & Guardian
3 days ago
- Mail & Guardian
Operation Vulindlela: Big on policy but low on results
Mixed bag: President Cyril Ramaphosa's Operation Vulindlela is stronger on policy than implementation. Photo: GCIS The government's flagship economic reform programme, Operation Vulindlela, has registered modest progress in the second phase of its roll-out — particularly in visa reform — but faces mounting criticism for delays in key infrastructure areas and a lack of transparency in outcomes and expenditure. The latest These visa reforms aim to 'attract skills, investment and tourism through a streamlined and modernised visa system'. The home affairs department has also upgraded its digital verification system to enable remote authentication and reduce downtime — a step toward building a digital identity system. Yet the gains made in visa systems are in contrast to widespread delays in fixing constraints in water and sanitation, electricity and freight logistics. Most work so far has been legislative, with little tangible implementation. Operation Vulindlela, initiated during President Cyril Ramaphosa's first term, aims to boost economic growth through structural reform. Ramaphosa has touted the operation as a key achievement, and in his latest 'The reduction in load-shedding over the past year was supported by the reforms we introduced to unlock private investment in electricity generation, while reforms in the telecommunications sector have brought down the cost of mobile data,' he wrote. Launched in May after cabinet approval, But despite policy work being under way in several areas — with the Electricity Regulation Amendment Bill, the Water Action Plan, the Digital Transformation Roadmap and the Local Government White Paper among the documents drafted — implementation remains limited. The progress report itself concedes that of the seven priority areas in phase two, only visa reform has moved into tangible outcomes. The electricity sector reform includes the establishment of the National Transmission Company of SA, which will eventually separate power utility Eskom's grid from generation and distribution. The government has also finalised a national wheeling framework to enable third-party access to the grid. Yet, the new transmission company still awaits licensing as a market operator. The National Energy Regulator of SA is also finalising market codes for private wholesale. Legal adviser and social activist Nkanyiso Ngqulunga was scathing in his assessment, saying Operation Vulindlela represents an acceleration of neoliberal policies that are proving counterproductive. 'It has been a complete failure. The unbundling of Eskom has not yielded any positive results but rather put the country's energy generation into the private sector,' Ngqulunga said, adding that the reforms have not attracted the promised investment. 'It hasn't attracted investment as intended. We are implementing policies that have been proven to fail — allowing the private sector in with the hope that it will boost the economy is counterintuitive.' Ngqulunga believes the government should focus on building state capacity and investing in public infrastructure. 'We need to unlock opportunities by empowering public assets,' he said. 'At a time when the government is underperforming, geopolitical tensions are high and tariff wars are growing, it's misguided to think these reforms will attract investment.' In logistics, a new Transnet Rail Infrastructure Manager division has been created to modernise operations and enable private operator access. In December, the rail, port and pipeline parastatal released network access tariffs and received 98 slot applications from private freight operators. Conditional awards will be announced by 15 August. Ntokozo Buthelezi, an economist and researcher, is concerned about the Vulindlela initiative's accountability. 'I remember from the budget speech, the minister mentioned phase two and I wondered what happened to phase one,' she said, adding that she found it to be 'vague' with regard to outcomes and money spent. 'We don't know what happened, how much was spent and what the outcomes were. There is so much secrecy — we have no clue as the public on how investment and loans are spent by the government,' she said, also criticising the absence of oversight. 'They don't tell us much. It's just numbers — billions here, billions there — but no tangible outcomes.'
