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Does rice really cause diabetes? An expert breaks the myth

Does rice really cause diabetes? An expert breaks the myth

India Today08-07-2025
There is a widespread belief that eating rice increases your risk of diabetes.This belief has grown stronger over time, especially in India, where rice is a daily staple for millions. But is this concern backed by science? To answer that, we spoke to Dr Ashok Kumar Singh, a senior agricultural scientist and former Director and Vice-Chancellor of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute. With more than three decades of rice research and as someone living with diabetes himself, Dr Singh offers rare insights based on science and lived experience. advertisementUNDERSTANDING THE GLYCEMIC INDEX (GI)Dr Singh starts by explaining how different foods affect blood sugar through the Glycemic Index.'When we eat food, the sugar level in our blood increases. To measure this, scientists created the Glycemic Index, or GI. It divides foods into high, medium, and low GI categories based on how quickly they raise blood sugar.'High-GI foods cause blood sugar to rise quickly.Low-GI foods raise blood sugar levels more slowly, keeping them more stable.'If the GI is above 55%, it is considered high GI, which can be between 55% and 80%. Some types of rice have GI below 55%, and others above it.'Not all rice behaves the same way in the human body. The type of rice you eat plays a big role.'The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) has even developed types of rice with an ultra-low GI of under 45%.'These special varieties digest slowly and are more suitable for individuals with diabetes or those trying to manage their blood sugar levels.HOW YOU EAT RICE MAKES A DIFFERENCEThe impact of rice on blood sugar depends not only on the type, but also on how it is cooked and eaten.'If you eat rice with dal (lentils) in equal proportions, the GI value reduces.'This is because dal adds protein and fiber, both of which help slow down digestion.'This is very important for those who love rice to remember – adding a good amount of dal helps control blood sugar.'He also recommends brown rice as a healthier choice.It retains more fiber and nutrients compared to polished white rice.'Brown rice also has a low GI because it takes longer to get digested. The sugar releases into the system slowly, so the blood sugar level does not instantly go up.'Parboiled rice, also known as usna or sella rice, is another good option.'Parboiled rice also has low GI. And there is no harm in eating that.'REAL NUMBERS FROM RICE-EATING STATES
Dr Singh refers to research published in The Lancet, a global journal of health research, to back up his claims with data.'It clearly shows that Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, and Odisha, all majorly have rice as a part of their food in all three meals. But the diabetes percentage in these states is less than 10%.'This challenges the idea that rice alone causes diabetes.advertisement'Now when you look at North Indian states like Punjab and Haryana, they majorly consume wheat or chapati and don't eat rice as much. Many people only make rice once a week or so. But the diabetes percentage in Punjab and Haryana is 12.4% and 12.7% respectively.'The numbers speak for themselves. If rice was the main cause, people who eat it more frequently should have higher diabetes rates.'So if rice was to blame, then the percentage in Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, and Odisha should have been higher.'GENES AND LIFESTYLE PLAY A BIGGER ROLEDr Singh emphasises that genetics and lifestyle are far more important when it comes to diabetes.'Diabetes is a genetic disease, and we carry these genes from our parents and pass them on to our children.'Having a family history of diabetes increases your risk, but it doesn't mean you are guaranteed to get it.'If we have that genetic sensitivity and we don't take care of our lifestyle, don't exercise, follow a sedentary lifestyle, then we will have high chances of getting diabetes.'However, living a healthy life can help lower those chances.'But if we maintain a proper lifestyle despite having the genetic sensitivity, then the chances are lesser.'Dr Singh sums it up simply.'To solely blame rice for this would not be right.'Avoiding rice completely is unnecessary. Choosing healthier rice varieties, eating balanced meals, and staying physically active can help prevent diabetes without giving up the food you love.- EndsMust Watch
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