Couche-Tard's failed bid for 7-Eleven parent sparks debate over M&A in Japan
The bid was audacious from the start. A takeover of the group behind 7-Eleven convenience stores – one of Japan's most recognisable brands – would have been the largest by a foreign entity in the country's history. Moreover, the founding Ito family members were so opposed to the deal that they turned to one of their archrivals to try and block it.
Still, the Japanese government, which has been pushing for companies to take a more investor-friendly approach, did not raise strong political opposition, even though Seven & i had sought greater protection under a law that could have scuttled a deal.
While Couche-Tard, a Canadian group, placed the blame squarely on intransigence from Seven & i's management, the failure of the deal runs counter to the broader trend in the investing landscape, according to Nicholas Smith, a strategist at CLSA.
'Seven & i is just an obstructive character in an ongoing success story,' said Smith. 'Activist trades and shareholder proposals are on fire. Private equity sees Japan as one of the most attractive markets in the world and is hiring aggressively. Management can't afford to relax one bit.'
Stephen Dacus, the new chief executive officer of Seven & i, now has to prove that the Japanese retailer can grow and boost its efficiency on its own.
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Its shares fell 9 per cent on Thursday (Jul 17) after Couche-Tard walked away from the bid.
Seven & i plans to sell its superstore business for US$5.4 billion, and is proposing a two trillion yen (S$17.3 billion) share buyback and a listing of its US business.
Its rejection of the deal is a sign of more aggressiveness in Japanese firms, said Jesper Koll, expert director at Monex Group.
'The issue is not that this is old-style Japan protectionism, quite the opposite,' he noted. 'This is actually an injection of energy and competitive spirits into a Japan-led management team that is actually very international.'
The history of attempted takeovers of marquee Japanese companies by outsiders is mixed.
KKR, CVC Capital Partners and Blackstone walked away from a buyout of Toshiba after meeting stiff resistance from management. Concerns about the valuation, complexity and political nature of the deal were all headwinds that eventually resulted in a consortium led by a domestic fund prevailing.
Hon Hai Precision Industry, better known as Foxconn, pulled off a deal in 2016 to take a controlling stake in Japanese electronics maker Sharp for 389 billion yen.
The Taiwanese electronics contract manufacturer had pursued the Japanese company for years. Foxconn founder Terry Gou had lobbied Japanese lawmakers, co-opted banks and sweetened its offer to outmanoeuvre a Japanese government-backed bidder.
'The implications of today's news will only be understood a year from now, and will hinge on whether management succeeds in accelerating group reforms and turning around the situation in both Japan and the US,' said Michael Jacobs, an investment analyst at T Rowe Price Japan on Thursday.
Unsolicited offers have quite often met strong resistance regardless of where the prospective buyers come from.
Japanese motor maker Nidec made an unsolicited bid for Makino Milling Machine, shocking many Japanese companies that had never imagined they could become a takeover target by a Japanese firm.
Nidec, like Couche-Tard, withdrew the bid earlier this year due to strong opposition. In another closely watched case, Taiwan's Yageo made a takeover bid for Shibaura Electronics, prompting a counterbid from Japanese rival Mineba Mitsumi.
Others argued that the failure of the Couche-Tard deal had nothing to do with the nationalities or cultures of the companies involved. The issue was simply money, and Couche-Tard's 6.8 trillion yen bid was not enough.
'Seven & i did what any US company would do,' said James Halse, CEO and chief investment officer at Senjin Capital. 'It was up to Couche-Tard to put in a knockout offer.' BLOOMBERG
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