RSV vaccine to be offered to premature babies in NI
A long-acting injection is to be offered for eligible children from this autumn.
RSV is a common, but highly infectious, respiratory virus that affects the breathing system, particularly in young children and older adults.
It infects 90% of children by the age of two and is one of the leading causes of hospitalisation in the first year of life.
An RSV vaccine has been available to pregnant women in Northern Ireland since last September and is offered from 28 weeks of pregnancy.
The new programme will cover those infants born very prematurely and too early to benefit from the RSV vaccination given to their mothers.
The single Nirsevimab injection offers about 80% protection and replaces Palivizumab, which gives 55% protection and is administered up to five times.
It follows advice from the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation.
Chief Medical Officer Sir Michael McBride said: "Vaccinations have been extremely effective in eradicating diseases and protecting children and other vulnerable groups from serious illness and death.
"Worryingly, we are now seeing a decline in the uptake of childhood immunisations.
"Vaccinations offer children the very best start in life. Quite simply, if children aren't vaccinated, they're not protected."
Health Minister Mike Nesbitt said the new vaccine would strengthen winter preparedness in the health service and reduce pressures on GPs, emergency departments and hospital admissions.
Hashtags

Try Our AI Features
Explore what Daily8 AI can do for you:
Comments
No comments yet...
Related Articles


Medscape
3 days ago
- Medscape
Social Factors Affect Access to RSV Prophylaxis in Children
TOPLINE: Only about one third of eligible children born outside the typical respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) season received nirsevimab, a monoclonal antibody for RSV prophylaxis. Older age, Black race, and public insurance were associated with reduced rates of receipt. METHODOLOGY: Researchers conducted a retrospective study to examine how many children born outside the typical RSV season (October to March) received nirsevimab and which factors influenced its receipt, such as age, race, insurance type, and residing in low- vs high-opportunity areas (measured by an index indicating neighborhood features that support child development). They included children younger than 8 months who received care across 32 pediatric primary care practices in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, all of which had nirsevimab available. A total of 7208 eligible children born between April and September 2023 (average age at the start of RSV season, 3.5 months; 49% girls; 51.3% White) were included. All had at least one visit to primary care within 14 days of birth and at least one visit after reaching 8 months of age or after the RSV season ended. TAKEAWAY: Overall, 35% of eligible children received nirsevimab, and uptake varied by practice from 20% to 65%. Of those who received nirsevimab, 53.1% were White and 64.4% had private insurance. Older age was associated with reduced odds of receiving nirsevimab (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.60; 95% CI, 0.58-0.62 for each additional month). Children with low weight at birth had higher odds of receiving nirsevimab (aOR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.13-1.82). Children who were Black vs White (aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.43-0.65), with public vs private insurance (aOR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.67-0.92), and living in very low- vs very high-opportunity areas (aOR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.54-0.91) had significantly lower odds of receiving nirsevimab. Among children fully vaccinated against diphtheria, Haemophilus influenzae type B, poliovirus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, tetanus, and pertussis, 38.7% received nirsevimab. IN PRACTICE: 'The identification of sociodemographic factors associated with receipt of nirsevimab emphasizes the importance of examining the drivers of these disparities to inform interventions designed to ensure more equitable uptake so that all children are protected from RSV,' the authors of the study concluded. SOURCE: This study was led by Mahaa M. Ahmed, MS, of the Clinical Futures at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia in Philadelphia. It was published online on July 17, 2025, in Pediatrics. LIMITATIONS: The data represented practices in only one care network, and the findings may not be generalizable. Infants entering their first RSV season were included, which prevented the evaluation of nirsevimab uptake among children at high risk entering their second season of RSV. This retrospective study used electronic health records and could not capture family preferences, knowledge of nirsevimab, or interactions between families and clinicians during vaccination opportunities. DISCLOSURES: This study received support from the Infectious Diseases Society of America's Grants for Emerging Researchers/Clinicians Mentorship program and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society's Supporting Research and Promoting Pediatric ID program. The authors reported having no conflicts of interest. This article was created using several editorial tools, including AI, as part of the process. Human editors reviewed this content before publication.


Medscape
3 days ago
- Medscape
Why Are RSV Vaccine Rates so Shockingly Low?
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and children younger than 2 years. The most severe and life-threatening cases typically affect infants younger than 6 months. However, older toddlers, adults with chronic illnesses or multiple comorbidities, and older adults are also at an elevated risk. Immunization Progress Research on both active and passive RSV immunization has advanced significantly in recent years. Following the approval of the first prophylactic antibody in 2022 and two vaccines in 2023, the prevention of severe RSV illnesses has become increasingly effective. Current strategies include maternal vaccination to protect newborns, immunization of older adults, and passive immunization of infants using the monoclonal antibody nirsevimab. In June, the FDA approved a second monoclonal antibody: clesrovimab. Nirsevimab Nirsevimab (Beyfortus) has been available in the European Union since November 2022. It is indicated for RSV prophylaxis in all infants during their first RSV season and in children up to 2 years of age who are at increased risk during their second season. Nirsevimab is a human monoclonal immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) kappa antibody produced using recombinant DNA technology. It binds to a highly conserved site on the RSV fusion (F) glycoprotein, which is present only in the prefusion form of the viral surface protein. Nirsevimab has a markedly longer serum half-life than earlier antibodies. The drug is administered as a single intramuscular dose adjusted according to the child's weight. Germany's Standing Committee on Vaccination recommends that infants born between April and September receive antibodies in autumn before their first RSV season. Those born between October and March should receive the vaccine as soon as possible after birth. Clesrovimab Clesrovimab (Enflonsia) is a human monoclonal IgG1 kappa antibody. Unlike nirsevimab, it binds to two sites in both the pre- and post-fusion conformations of the F protein. It is administered as a single intramuscular injection and does not require weight-based dosing. The manufacturer has applied for approval from the European Medicines Agency, and the decision is pending. RSV Vaccines Three RSV vaccines, each targeting a different group, are currently authorized for use in Germany. Arexvy: A monovalent recombinant protein vaccine that includes the RSV F protein and the AS01E adjuvant. It is approved for adults aged 60 years or older. Abrysvo: A bivalent recombinant protein vaccine containing prefusion F antigens from RSV subtypes A and B. It is authorized for use in pregnant women to protect their infants up to 6 months of age and in adults aged 60 years or older. mResvia: Approved in mid-2024, this is the only mRNA RSV vaccine currently available. It is indicated for adults aged 60 years or older and was recently approved in the US for high-risk adults aged 18-59 years. Real-World Data Although clinical trials have demonstrated the strong efficacy of RSV vaccines and antibodies in preventing severe illnesses, data from real-world immunization programs are limited. A new systematic review by UK researchers addressed this gap. Between December 2024 and February 2025, they conducted monthly searches across the Ovid, Embase, MEDLINE, and global health databases. The review included 43 studies that evaluated nirsevimab, maternal RSV vaccination, and adult RSV vaccination. The goal was to assess uptake across countries and demographic groups. Data from more than 1.38 million individuals in Spain, France, Italy, Luxembourg, and the US were analyzed. One study combined records from Catalonia and Andorra. Most data (86%) were drawn from electronic health records and medical registries, and vaccine data were solely from the US. Nirsevimab Uptake In Spain, the uptake of nirsevimab during the 2023-2024 RSV season reached 90.1% (95% CI, 86.4-92.9), the highest of any country reviewed. Infants born during the RSV season and Spanish nationals had higher immunization rates. In the US, 51.2% of eligible infants received nirsevimab in 2023-2024. Uptake was greater among preterm infants, those with at least one comorbidity, and those from Hispanic backgrounds. France recorded 76.5% coverage, with higher rates in infants younger than 3 months than in those aged 3-12 months. Luxembourg reported 83.8%, Italy 68.7%, and Catalonia-Andorra combined 60.2%. Subgroup analyses revealed that children who experienced RSV or other acute respiratory infections were less likely to receive nirsevimab. Maternal Vaccination Maternal RSV vaccine coverage during pregnancy was 30.5% (95% CI, 20.6-42.6). Uptake was significantly lower among women without health insurance or with statutory coverage than among those with private insurance. Black and Hispanic women had lower rates than non-Hispanic White women. Older Adult Vaccination Four population-based studies assessed RSV vaccine uptake in adults aged 60 years or older, showing an average rate of 18.2% (95% CI, 10.8-28.9) in 2023-2024. Uptake was higher among adults older than 75 years, those with comorbidities, and immunocompromised individuals. As with maternal vaccination, the rates were lower among the Black and Hispanic populations. The researchers highlighted the concerningly low uptake among pregnant women and older adults despite the availability of effective prevention tools. They called for coordinated national, clinical, and public health efforts to improve immunization rates in high-risk populations. World Health Organization (WHO) Guidance In May, the WHO published its first position paper on RSV immunization in infants and young children, underscoring global urgency. RSV is the leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality. In 2019, an estimated 100,000 children younger than 5 years died from RSV-related lower respiratory tract infections, representing about 2% of all deaths in this age group. Approximately half of these deaths occur in infants younger than 5 months, with 97% occurring in low- and middle-income countries. Globally, RSV accounts for an estimated 3.6 million hospitalizations annually in children younger than 5 years. The WHO recommends that all countries implement immunization programs to prevent severe RSV disease in vulnerable groups. The choice between maternal vaccination and the use of long-acting monoclonal antibodies, such as nirsevimab, should be based on local factors, including health system integration, cost, and overall feasibility. Germany's Robert Koch Institute provides additional guidance in its fact sheets on RSV immunization, including details on nirsevimab and adult vaccinations.


Time Magazine
4 days ago
- Time Magazine
COVID-19 Is Rising Again. Here's What to Know
As much as we want to put it behind us, COVID-19 isn't going away. Cases are currently rising across the country in a summer surge. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that cases of COVID-19 are increasing in nine states and likely growing in another 16. The trends are estimates, as the CDC no longer conducts rigorous surveillance of cases based on results from lab tests. Fewer people are also getting tested. But the data do provide a hint of how the disease is changing over time, and new monitoring systems that track viruses in wastewater confirm the rise. The CDC says that the overall level of respiratory diseases in the U.S.— COVID-19, flu, and RSV—remains 'very low,' but that emergency room visits for COVID-19 are on the rise, accounting for 0.5% of emergency room visits in the country as of mid July, compared to 0.3% of cases at the beginning of the summer. While that may seem like a small increase, emergency room visits are a bellwether for disease trends, since they represent cases in which people are sick enough to seek care. 'We are starting to hear about more young kids or older adults showing up in the emergency room with COVID-19,' says Dr. Luis Ostrosky, chief of infectious diseases at UT Health Houston. Texas is one of the states seeing spikes in infections. Here's what experts say you need to know about the current surge in cases. Why are COVID-19 cases increasing in the summer? Unlike most respiratory diseases like the common cold and flu, which generally peak during the winter, COVID-19 tends to spike twice and sometimes three times a year: once in the fall and winter, once in spring, and another time in the summer. While viruses tend to spread more easily when people are gathered indoors during cold weather, the post-winter time periods also coincide with 'travel, vacations, and people congregating and going to events,' says Ostrosky. COVID-19 trends also depend on the emergence and spread of new variants. The latest, including NB.1.8.1, are getting better at spreading among people, which contributes to a bump in cases. Read More: What to Do About Your Red, Itchy Eyes Another factor that could be driving the surge in infections is that fewer people are getting vaccinated, for a number of reasons. U.S. health authorities recently changed COVID-19 vaccine recommendations, continuing to recommend yearly shots for older people and those who have weakened immune systems, but allowing otherwise healthy adults more leeway to decide whether to get vaccinated. Many experts, however, continue to encourage people to get them. 'What I tell my colleagues and patients is that we need to follow the evidence, and the best evidence out there is not controversial,' says Ostrosky. 'Vaccines are safe and very effective in preventing severe disease, hospitalizations, mortality, and Long COVID.' It's important for most people to get vaccinated every year to maintain good protection against severe disease, he says, and for those with weaker immune systems, including the elderly, to get vaccinated twice a year. 'I can't tell you how many times I've heard patients ask, 'Do COVID vaccines still work? Am I still supposed to get them?'' With less focus on the vaccines, education and awareness about them is dropping, he says, and that could fuel upticks in cases. Where is COVID-19 rising? According to the latest CDC estimates, the virus is growing in Arkansas, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Virginia. The agency's models find that there is a 95% chance that the epidemic is growing, which means more states could start to see increases in infections. What is the latest dominant COVID-19 variant? Omicron variants still account for all new infections in the U.S., with NB.1.8.1 responsible for 43% of cases as of the end of June. However, the CDC says the low number of cases reported to the agency means the data may not reflect the latest situation. Will the vaccine protect me from COVID-19? The current version of the vaccine targets a different, older Omicron variant, but it remains effective in protecting against severe disease because the viruses are closely related. 'Not only are they all Omicron, but they are from a specific branching of Omicron that is pretty well conserved over the past year and a half,' says Ostrosky. 'So I have pretty good confidence that the vaccine remains a good match for circulating variants.'