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Letters to the Editor, June 6th: On Trinity College's divestment, nursing homes and the Junior Cert

Letters to the Editor, June 6th: On Trinity College's divestment, nursing homes and the Junior Cert

Irish Times06-06-2025
Sir, – I would like to warmly congratulate Trinity College on its recent decision to divest in relation to Israel.
This is a courageous and principled stand, and I believe it reflects the values of justice and human rights that should be at the heart of any academic institution.
However, I would respectfully suggest that Trinity's commitment to divestment should not be subject to review until Israel has granted full and equal religious and ethnic rights to all people under its control.
It's longstanding policies have entrenched discrimination and allowed a large portion of Israel's own population to become indifferent – if not hostile – to the suffering of Palestinians.
READ MORE
Real change must come from within Israel before it can be considered a worthy partner or friend to institutions like Trinity.
Until then, continued pressure through divestment remains both appropriate and necessary. – Yours, etc,
JOHN SUTTLE,
Clontarf,
Dublin 3.
Sir, – Warmest congratulations to Trinity College on this courageous decision.
Hopefully, other colleges will follow suit. – Yours, etc,
MIKE JENNINGS
General secretary (retired),
Irish Federation of
University Teachers,
Dublin 3.
Two recent events have indicated quite clearly that the United States, under the leadership of Donald Trump, has given up any semblance of adherence to the basic norms of international humanitarian law.
The US veto on a UN security council resolution for an unconditional ceasefire and the lifting of restrictions on the entry of humanitarian aid into Gaza shows that, not only will the US continue to supply Israel with weapons of war but they are totally unconcerned that they are being used to kill innocent civilians and disrupt supplies of food and medicines to a starving population.
Mr Trump has reported on social media that he had a 'good'conversation with Mr Putin who said that he will respond to Ukraine's recent attack on a Russian military airport. Given that the Russian 'response' will inevitably involve direct attacks on the Ukrainian civilian population, Mr. Trump's silence raises serious concerns as to whether he continues to be confused as to who is the aggressor in this conflict.
Surely, it is now time for governments worldwide, who abide by and value the set of rules that limit the effect of armed conflict on civilians, to make it clear to the US that their behaviour is totally unacceptable, regardless of their vested interest in participating in the current tariff sideshow. – Yours, etc,
MARTIN MC DONALD,
Terenure,
Dublin
Sir, – Fintan O'Toole is right to highlight how Binyamin Netanyahu's 'civilisation versus barbarism' worldview has played a part in his government's malign behaviour in Gaza (
'Even Gaza's four-year-olds are barbarians to Netanyahu'
, Opinion, June 3rd).
At the same time, I think we should be careful not to identify Mr Netanyahu as the source and origin of Israel's current strategy for Gaza and the West Bank.
The Israeli cabinet has no shortage of hardline members, including some who have openly advocated crimes such as ethnic cleansing and a policy of starvation.
Defence Minister Israel Katz, for example, at the end of May vowed to build a 'Jewish Israeli state' in the occupied Palestinian territories, as Israel announced the creation of 22 new illegal settlements.
Ultimately, the fundamental problem is systemic. What has happened to the Palestinian people since the foundation of the Israeli state cannot be understood without an examination of colonial mentalities and the political ideology of Zionism.
Moreover, the support that Israel has enjoyed for decades from the US and EU has plainly enabled the oppression of Palestinians.
In recent months, US president Donald Trump proposed the 'voluntary' ethnic cleansing of Gaza and the building of a so-called 'Riviera of the Middle East'. It is the Trump plan that Binyamin Netanyahu now claims to be implementing.
The destructive role of the US was seen again in its reaction to French president Emmanuel Macron's recent indication that France will move to recognise the Palestinian state.
In an interview with Fox News on May 31st , the US ambassador to Israel, Mike Huckabee, retorted that there is 'no such thing as an occupation' and that 'if France is really so determined to see a Palestinian state, I've got a suggestion for them – carve out a piece of the French Riviera and create a Palestinian state.'
Binyamin Netanyahu will be remembered as a key figure in the Gaza catastrophe, but he is not acting alone. Many are complicit and this includes those in the EU – among them some Irish politicians – who have hindered efforts to enact purposeful sanctions against Israel. – Yours, etc,
FINTAN LANE,
Lucan,
Co Dublin.
Nursing homes scandal
Sir, – The reaction to the nursing home care investigation has sparked an understandable reaction of outrage.
There is no excuse for poor care or abuse. And those responsible at staff and management level must be held to account.
But is there not an uncomfortable truth in how we entrust those who need care; be they older, vulnerable, or children?
As I see it, careers in geriatric care, and childcare are grossly underpaid and disrespected. Yet we as a society accept the prevailing low rates of pay and still wonder why the level of care can be sometimes well below what is required.
How many of those expressing understandable outrage will now decide to train up as qualified healthcare assistants?
How many will encourage their children to pursue a career in elderly care, or childcare?
A career, in the area of nursing homes, which entails looking after the toilet needs of the incontinent. The stress of dealing with advanced dementia. The lifting of patients in and out of bed. The stress of being responsible for a room full of totally dependent people.
I'm 73. I'm relatively healthy and live independently. Not everyone in my age bracket is so fortunate.
I would be terrified of being treated in this manner.
Many of those whom I know - including myself - would not be able for such work. Indeed, many would not countenance having to attend to the intimate needs of their own parents.
There is a nettle to be grasped here.
Transfer all care of the vulnerable to the State.
Staff these facilities with qualified, well-paid people with incremental pay scales and permanent contracts.
Whilst there is no excuse for the behaviour documented, there is now an onus upon all of us to accept that care of the vulnerable is properly one to be within the remit of the public sector. And, we should be prepared to pay for it.
Caring is a career which should be well beyond basic minimum wage levels.
Privatisation with remote statutory regulation is certainly not working for some. – Yours, etc,
LARRY DUNNE,
Co Wexford.
Issues around immigration
Sir, – Declan Doyle (Letters, June 5th) is of course right in that right wing parties are gleefully taking advantage of the huge increases in immigration. I somehow doubt that that the middle or left parties highlighting this will have any affect on voters .
We know the cost of supporting immigrants here, imagine the cost then in Holland which had more than 200.000 last year.
This is without the future cost of family members joining them in housing and services.
It's not only the costs voters are worried over, but true or not, the fear of major cultural changes.
If as he says more than 70 per cent of immigrants are working then the easiest solution is to have more visas for the sectors that need them.
In the long term, supporting people in the countries and areas they are from has to be more effective than moving masses of people around the world. – Yours, etc,
Enda Scanlon,
Ennis,
Co Clare.
Dysfunction and deferral
Sir, -
For the past couple of years we have been hearing about the opening of the new children's hospital. Considerable dissatisfaction has been caused by the repeated postponement of the opening date.
Now the big media story from CHI (Children's Hospital Ireland) is the apparent dysfunction of some of the clinical consultants in the hospital group.
Reports have included stories of consultants not following international clinical protocols, experimenting with non-standard, non-approved implants and of consultants transferring public patients to a clinic where a consultant might receive extra payment.
Remembering that the staff in the new children's hospital will be the same staff who are currently employed in the three different paediatric hospitals, the emphasis now should be on postponing the opening date of the new hospital until the problems among some of the consultant staff have been resolved, and until the three groups of staff agree to bond together without causing any major difficulties in the new hospital. – Yours, etc,
TOM O'ROURKE, (retired doctor)
Co Wexford.
Facts about figures
Sir. – Tomás Ryan in his interesting article addressing the opportunities which could arise for European scientific research arising from recent US policy changes (
'I am often asked by students how to plan for a career in research. I tell them to move abroad'
, June 4th), argues that the results are clear, in terms of comparing US versus European performance in science since WWII.
The indicator he uses is the number of Nobel Prizes awarded, with for example the US having more than three times as many as the UK.
However, adjusting for population size, the UK does significantly better than the US.
Comparing the US to individual European countries then can be very misleading. This relates not just to science but also other performance comparators, including for example sport.
For instance, in the 2024 Paris Olympics, the US won far more medals than any individual European country, but the member states of the EU combined, a more appropriate comparator in terms of population size, won more than double the medals of the US. – Yours, etc,
JOHN O'HAGAN,
Department of Economics,
Trinity College ,
Dublin.
Junior Cert English Paper
Sir, – May I trenchantly disagree with those teachers who felt the Junior Cert English paper was 'balanced and fair' or that the paper 'struck a good balance between familiarity and challenge'.
It was none of those things. It was, in fact, grossly unfair and seemed deliberately designed to trip students and teachers up.
Never mind the sudden appearance of a question on short stories, something never seen before, the sheer length of the paper was an abomination.
Questions on seen and unseen poetry, Shakespeare, a film/novel question along with two questions on podcasts along with a diary entry.
And all this to be done in two hours.
Allowing students no time whatsoever to explore in any detail the works they have been studying for three years.
It was the examination equivalent of a fast food buffet. Write as much as you can and don't mind the quality.
I often wonder if the Department or the Minister of the SEC understand or even care about the frustration such a shocking exam causes in students and teachers.
And then I realise I already know the answer to that question.
Thirty-three years teaching now and I've never felt as disillusioned. – Yours, etc,
ALAN O'CONNOR,
Donnycarney,
Dublin 9,
Funding playgrounds
Sir, – James Larkin questioned should Novo Nordisk be funding playgrounds (
'Should the maker of Ozempic be funding children's playgrounds in Ireland
?, 'May 31st).
Our social responsibility focus is on initiatives that help contribute to preventing chronic disease from occurring in the first place, especially among children.
Ireland has one of the highest levels of obesity in Europe, with 60 per cent of adults and over 20 per cent of children and young people living with overweight and obesity, according to the HSE.
As outlined in the HSE Healthy Weight for Children Action Plan 2024-2028, over the last 30 years, similar to other countries, the levels of overweight and obesity in Ireland have increased significantly across all age groups, social class and genders.
They also outline that this shift in population level Body Mass Index is heavily influenced by changes in the environment that we are born into, live, work, play and age in.
Launched in November 2024, 'Play at Primary School' is a Novo Nordisk Ireland partnership with DEIS schools installing new playground equipment to encourage physical activity and active play among primary school children in local communities across Ireland.
The new equipment encourages children to play actively, outside, and with their friends, helping build good habits for life and healthier lives which is what we are working towards in our own healthier Ireland strategy. We are proud to be able to play a part, together with school communities towards this goal. –– Yours, etc,
NINA T. HOVLAND,
General Manager
& Vice President
Novo Nordisk Ireland.
Pantomime
sport
Sir, – Perhaps it is typical of Munster Rugby that they don't waste time or effort whingeing over the behaviour of some of the Sharks during the penalty shoot out last Saturday.
However the reaction of some of rugby officials is surprising and somewhat disappointing.
I would suggest that if people want to see pantomime villains in 'sport' then they tune into the World Wrestling Federation.
Rugby should be about commitment, sportsmanship and the best team on the day winning! – Yours, etc,
DAVE ROBBIE,
Booterstown,
Co Dublin.
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Seán Kelly to seek Fine Gael nomination to run in presidential election

Fine Gael MEP Seán Kelly has announced his intention to seek the party's nomination to run in the forthcoming presidential election. A contest between Mr Kelly and former minister Heather Humphreys became increasingly likely on Monday night after the party's executive council decided to seek fresh nominations rather than selecting a single candidate. The meeting was convened after the sudden announcement on Thursday by party nominee Mairead McGuinness that she was dropping out of the race for health reasons . Speaking on Tuesday morning, the Ireland South MEP said that he had 'underestimated' the grassroots support for him and that he will 'certainly seek the nomination' from his party. READ MORE 'So I would be looking for the nomination, and after that, and if I'm nominated, I will be greatly honoured to represent the party and stand for election as president,' Mr Kelly told RTÉ's Morning Ireland. Mr Kelly said he believed the 'time is right' to put himself forward, after discussing it with family and supporters, in light of the changed circumstances following the decision by Ms McGuinness to withdraw from the race. The former president of the GAA said that having spent time in Ireland over the last few weeks, he understood that he had grassroots support and momentum as many people had told him they were disappointed that he was not running for the Áras. Mr Kelly had previously ruled himself out of running. He considered contesting the nomination against Ms McGuinness earlier in summer, but he ultimately decided against it. After deliberating for little over an hour on Monday evening, Fine Gael's executive council decided it would reopen nominations on Tuesday until September 2nd. Ms Humphreys, who also previously ruled herself out, has yet to declare her intentions. However, party sources have said that following the vacation of the nomination by Ms McGuinness, she has expressed strong interest in representing the party in the autumn poll. Her candidacy has been strongly backed by Tánaiste and party leader Simon Harris . Last month, Mr Kelly had ruled himself out of the contest by saying the presidency was a largely 'ceremonial' role. He appeared to walk those comments back on Tuesday, and said that his comment 'was in comparison to presidents around the world who have executive powers.' 'But I think actually there's a huge potential in the job, it is the highest honour in Ireland. And if you look at what the last number of presidents have done, they've done tremendous work. There's huge flexibility there,' he said. He said that a remark he made in ruling himself out that 'a day out of Kerry was a day wasted' was a 'a tongue in cheek' comment. 'I'd be bringing the Áras to the people as much as the people to the Áras, so that's not a problem at all.' Mr Kelly said that he will now start lobbying for support from the Fine Gael parliamentary party. He will need the support of at least 20 TDs and senators. It is understood Ms Humphreys already has the overwhelming support of Fine Gael's parliamentary party, despite having not yet formally started lobbying for support. Mr Kelly said that he believes Fine Gael's base would like to see a contest for its presidential candidates. 'I think the people, particularly members of the party, would like to have a contest. We didn't have a contest for a long time now, because we didn't have a contest at the last presidential election seven years ago, we didn't have a contest for the leadership. 'We weren't going to have a contest when Mairead got the nomination, so I think people would like to have a contest. Contests are good for parties, are good for democracies, and I think that I would welcome a contest, and hope I'd be part of it.'

‘Once somebody shares the fact they are thinking about suicide, there's a connection to life'
‘Once somebody shares the fact they are thinking about suicide, there's a connection to life'

Irish Times

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  • Irish Times

‘Once somebody shares the fact they are thinking about suicide, there's a connection to life'

'Silence is the real danger in suicide,' says psychotherapist Mark Herman. It leaves people alone with their thoughts. 'In my experience, once somebody shares the fact they are thinking about suicide, there's a connection to life ... and some kind of an unburdening.' Talk therapies are generally recommended as a first-line treatment option for most people struggling with mental health . However, too many men in crisis stay silent. The male predominance among deaths by suicide is an indicator of that. According to the latest provisional figures from the Central Statistics Office , there were 351 deaths by suicide in 2024, of which 289 were male and 62 female – a rate of 10.9 per 100,000 men and 2.3 per 100,000 women. A more complete set of statistics for 2021, incorporating late registrations, records 512 deaths of people by suicide in Ireland that year, unchanged from the number recorded in 2017. 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The gender split among those attending Herman's private psychotherapy practice in north Dublin is the opposite of the national trend, with about two-thirds of his clients being male. He suggests that men may gravitate towards a male counsellor, just as women may seek a female counsellor – in which case women will have a lot more choice. A 2018 survey by the Irish Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy showed its membership to be 78 per cent female. [ Walking football: 'Look around. The lads are buzzing before we even get out on the pitch' Opens in new window ] 'I think there is some kind of a comfort in talking to a man, in way of engagement but also in understanding of men's issues,' says Herman. Yet it often still takes a woman to get a male client in the door. She may be his mother, partner, sister or, in cases of bereavement, a daughter. 'About half of my male clients seem to arrive by some kind of 'proxy',' he explains. 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A skilled listener can ask questions that will help the person move themselves forward A former tech and business manager, he still finds it hard to say exactly how counselling helped him so much. 'But I think that I got on well with my counsellor Phil, was able to trust him and that we worked well together, was the main thing.' He found it such a valuable experience that he did a degree in counselling and became, as he says himself, one of those 'wounded healers' – people whose own painful experiences inspire and, arguably, better equip them to help others. 'This has been a long, vague path for me, but shows that hard times can offer us opportunities and lead to hope of fresh new things.' Hope is a lifeline that can also be buried by silence. Yet, in general, men seem less likely than women to recognise the power of saying things about inner turmoil out loud, be that with a professional, partner or friend. Sharing with somebody who is non-judgmental brings not only relief but also clarity. A skilled listener can ask questions that will help the person move themselves forward. 'It's not just talk. It's also taking small steps,' says Herman. health and wellbeing manager Rebecca McLaughlin with a member at the Irish Men's Sheds Association In the thriving, 450-plus men's sheds on this island, McLaughlin sees older men 'upturning all the traditional negative stereotypes applied to them', such as 'men are hard to reach' and 'men don't talk'. 'What we experience is actually sharing and talking about health issues and problems,' she says. But, crucially, this is done 'shoulder to shoulder' in the course of another activity, such as woodwork, gardening or some other community project. 'Each shed is run autonomously and has its own unique mix of three ingredients: people, place and purpose. Connection is the common factor – and a kettle, of course.' [ New €1m fund for men's sheds to help with heating and insurance Opens in new window ] The predominantly 60-years-plus age group drawn to the sheds grew up in a more entrenched culture of masculine silence around emotions. There is a huge leap from that to being expected to go into a room with a stranger and open up about their feeling, McLaughlin points out. In her 'wraparound' work with men's sheds to facilitate workshops and other wellbeing initiatives, she has found that even the label 'mental' health can be off-putting. Some older men have profoundly negative associations with the word, due to social, cultural and historical conditioning. To them it suggests, 'there's something wrong with you,' she says. 'You were locked away; you were sent off; it was silence.' Yet, for instance, a programme dealing with loss, devised post-Covid in conjunction with the Irish Hospice Foundation, has proved very popular. 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Direct consultation paved the way for a new mental health programme for young Travellers , which is being rolled out with €100,000 this year from the funding announced by Butler, says John O'Brien, manager of the National Traveller Mental Health Service. This service, based in Exchange House in Dublin 1, is funded through the Health Service Executive 's National Office for Suicide Prevention. Research indicates that Traveller men are seven times more likely to die by suicide than the general population. Part of the new project will be crisis-management training for Traveller adults, delivered by peers in their own community. The other part will be a six- to eight-week mental health programme for youngsters, with boys aged 15 to 18 being the key target group Last year, among a Traveller population here of about 33,000 (based on Census 2022), 'we recorded 37 possible deaths by suicide and 32 the year previous', says O'Brien, 'the youngest being 12, right the way up to a man in his 60s'. In surveying young Travellers before the pilot project, one key finding was that they had all been exposed to suicide and death. The second was a prevalent lack of hope for their future, with a widespread sense that 'people like me' don't go to college, go into apprenticeships or get jobs. 'So that's where this programme is coming in,' says O'Brien. 'We asked the young people who would they turn to if they were worried, stressed or depressed or suicidal. Overwhelmingly they responded that they would go to their own parents or their own community, their peers. Professional support in the way of doctors or GPs, teachers, youth service workers, was way down the list.' That information was fed back to the adults through focus groups. 'There was a sense of pride within the adults that the children would go to them.' But there was also 'a real sense of despair because the capacity isn't there for them to deal with those issues'. Part of the new project will be crisis-management training for Traveller adults, delivered by peers in their own community. The other part will be a six- to eight-week mental health programme for youngsters, with boys aged 15 to 18 being the key target group. The approach contrasts with the traditional way of 'middle-class, white professionals coming in to deliver projects – and I include myself in that cohort', says O'Brien. The pilot programme was co-produced between professionals and community members and then delivered by a Traveller man and settled woman. [ Mankeeping: why it's bad for women and men Opens in new window ] Stigma has been a historical factor in fewer men than women seeking counselling and psychotherapy, says Austen Donohoe, communications and digital marketing manager of MyMind ( ), which will be funded to provide 5,000 free sessions targeted at men. Currently, two-thirds of clients using this early intervention service for mild to moderate mental health challenges are female. Last year, the breakdown was 62 per cent female, 34 per cent male, with other and undisclosed at 1 per cent each. The average age for a MyMind client is 34, and the majority attend therapy for help with anxiety and stress. Many also seek assistance with other everyday issues such as self-esteem, loneliness and work/life balance. 'It is our hope that this new HSE funding will encourage more men to seek help sooner, with the mental health benefits for both them and their communities serving to help reduce stigma.' According to MyMind's mental health professionals, specialisations such as cognitive behavioural therapy work well for men by creating structure and teaching skills for managing mental wellbeing, reports Donohoe. 'Other specialisations like art therapy offer ways of communicating without relying on words alone. These approaches, and others, make therapy for men something that can be actively engaged in as a project for self-improvement.' Samaritans – – 116 123 – jo@

Depicting the Metro as primarily an airport service is an example of Michael O'Leary's myopic thinking
Depicting the Metro as primarily an airport service is an example of Michael O'Leary's myopic thinking

Irish Times

time3 hours ago

  • Irish Times

Depicting the Metro as primarily an airport service is an example of Michael O'Leary's myopic thinking

To understand why Michael O'Leary 's arguments against the Dublin MetroLink are so flawed, you need to go back 25 years, when the project was first proposed in the Platform for Change transport plan for Dublin . That plan was based on the most detailed modelling of how our city should grow. It showed that a meshed network of public transport, safe cycling and walking routes was the only way of building a city that would work into the future. O'Leary's argument that we should give up on rail-based solutions and rely on the car and bus instead makes no sense. We will need a huge expansion in our bus service, but on its own it will not be able to carry the numbers needed to avoid inevitable gridlock. It is not a sustainable solution – even if every vehicle is guided by artificial intelligence and powered by clean electricity. The Metro will help us manage one specific capacity problem that we already knew about all those years ago, around the approach roads to Dublin Airport . Because these roads link so closely to the M1 and M50, which are the busiest roads in the country, they risk creating tailbacks that would clog up the entire road system. O'Leary wants the Government to just ignore the issue and undermine the independence of our planning system by scrapping the conditions that were put in place to manage this real capacity problem. He argues that the Metro will not be used by many airport passengers, but every vehicle diverted from that approach road matters. His proposal to ditch the Metro and abandon the rule of law by subverting the planning authority would do incredible damage to our country and do nothing to improve Dublin Airport. READ MORE Depicting the Metro as primarily an airport service is in any case an example of O'Leary's myopic thinking. It will first and foremost be a facility for the people of Swords and Ballymun, for students in Dublin City University and patients attending the Mater hospital . It can deliver the meshed network promised in the Platform for Change plan, by connecting to the mainline rail network at Glasnevin and Tara Street and to the Luas at Charlemont, St Stephens Green and O'Connell Street. [ Dublin's MetroLink: How much will it really cost? Opens in new window ] In the intervening years, we have also modelled where the second phase of the Metro will go. It is not designed to stop at Charlemont, but will continue from there to Terenure, Rathfarnham, Knocklyon, Firhouse and Tallaght, which are poorly served by public transport. The project was split because it was too big as a single line, but once we have delivered the first phase it should be a lot easier and cheaper to complete the second phase. What we will have then is a rail artery connecting the north and south sides of the city, joining up with all the other lines and making the city work in a cleaner, more efficient and social way. The final argument from O'Leary is that the Metro is now too expensive, citing the €23 billion price tag that has been put out there by some as the likely cost. Again, you need to know the history of the project to understand where that incredibly inflated price tag is coming from. Michael O'Leary's proposal 'to ditch the MetroLink and abandon the rule of law by subverting the planning authority would do incredible damage to our country and do nothing to improve Dublin Airport'. Photograph: Sam Boal/Collins Photos The Department of Public Expenditure and Reform has always opposed the Metro, for what seemed to me to be ideological rather than rational reasons. It succeeded in killing off the project in 2011 despite it having planning permission, being included in the national recovery plan and having funding support from the European Development Bank. The line also ran alongside large housing land banks the State then controlled through Nama , which were ready to be built upon once the Metro got the go-ahead. It was one of the worst investment decisions ever made in the history of the State not to go ahead at that time. Unfortunately, the department does not seem to have learned the right lessons from that experience. It is now more traumatised by the cost overruns from the building of the new National Children's Hospital and as a result is applying a new standard on the estimates for the Metro, which requires a 95 per cent certainty that no such cost overruns could ever occur. [ MetroLink delivery should be prioritised, US multinationals tell Government Opens in new window ] International experts confirmed to me it would be far more appropriate at this stage to apply a 50 per cent probability cost indicator, which brings the construction cost estimate down to less than €12 billion. It is hard to believe the department seems willing to talk up the odds of an expensive auction process, just to save face should there be future cost overruns. O'Leary does not help with his demeaning comments about the inability of the Irish State to deliver anything. In fact, we built out the motorways and Luas lines on budget and on time, just as we did with complex projects such as the National Broadband Plan and electricity interconnectors. Our biggest problem is a lack of confidence and conviction to deliver at speed. That is not helped by hurlers on the ditch such as O'Leary. Sowing doubt, derision and misinformation only delays projects and adds to the cost to the Irish public in the end.

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