200 million year-old jawbone revealed as new species
Details of the discovery are published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.At about 209 million years old, this is now believed to be the earliest pterosaur to be found in North America."The bones of Triassic pterosaurs are small, thin, and often hollow, so they get destroyed before they get fossilised," explained Dr Kligman.The site of this discovery is a fossil bed in a desert landscape of ancient rock in the Petrified Forest National Park. More than 200 million years ago, this place was a riverbed, and layers of sediment gradually trapped and preserved bones, scales and other evidence of life at the time. The river ran through the central region of what was the supercontinent of Pangaea, which was formed from all of Earth's landmasses.BBC Sounds: 200 years of dinosaur scienceFossil of largest Jurassic pterosaur found on SkyeDragon Prince dinosaur rewrites T-rex family tree
The pterosaur jaw is just one part of a collection of fossils found at the same site, including bones, teeth, fish scales and even fossilised poo (also known as coprolites).Dr Kligman said: "Our ability to recognise pterosaur bones in [these ancient] river deposits suggests there may be other similar deposits from Triassic rocks around the world that may also preserve pterosaur bones."
Studying the pterosaur's teeth also provided clues about what the seagull-sized winged reptile would have eaten. "They have an unusually high degree of wear at their tips," explained Dr Kligman. suggesting that this pterosaur was feeding on something with hard body parts." The most likely prey, he told BBC News, were primitive fish that would have been covered in an armour of boney scales. Scientists say the site of the discovery has preserved a "snapshot" of an ecosystem where groups of animals that are now extinct, including giant amphibians and ancient armoured crocodile relatives, lived alongside animals that we could recognise today, including frogs and turtles. This fossil bed, Dr Kligman said, has preserved evidence of an evolutionary "transition" 200 million years ago. "We see groups that thrived later living alongside older animals that [didn't] make it past the Triassic. "Fossil beds like these enable us to establish that all of these animals actually lived together."
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