Dam on upper reaches Brahmaputra will not impact India, Bangladesh: China

The Hindu

5 days ago

China on Wednesday (July 23, 2025) defended the launch of the construction of a dam over the Brahmaputra river in the ecologically sensitive Tibet region and allayed concerns over its impact in the lower riparian countries such as India and Bangladesh.
It is learnt that India is keeping a close eye on the construction of what is said to be the world's largest hydropower dam.
Chinese Premier Li Qiang on Saturday (July 19, 2025) announced the start of the construction of the dam in the lower reaches of the Brahmaputra River, locally known as Yarlung Zangbo, at Nyingchi City located close to the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in the Arunachal Pradesh sector.
The project 'will not have any negative impact on the downstream regions', Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Guo Jiakun said at a media briefing, while responding to a question on concerns in India and Bangladesh over the dam.
There have been mounting concerns in India over the potential environmental impact of the dam.
Arunachal Pradesh Chief Minister Pema Khandu recently called it a ticking 'water bomb', an existential threat and a bigger issue than anything else apart from the military threat.
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In an interview with PTI on July 8, Mr. Khandu said the world's largest dam project on the Brahmaputra river is a matter of grave concern, as China is not a signatory to the international water treaty that could have forced it to abide by international norms.
'The issue is that China cannot be trusted. No one knows what they might do,' said Mr. Khandu.
The dam is expected to generate more than 300 billion kWh of electricity each year, enough to meet the annual needs of over 300 million people.
Concerns arose in India as the dam besides empowering China to control the water flow, the size and scale of it could also enable Beijing to release large amounts of water that could flood border areas on the Indian side.
Playing down the concerns of the lower riparian states, Mr. Guo said China has cooperated with them by sharing hydrological data, flood prevention and disaster alleviation.
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China had necessary communication with the two countries on the project, he said, adding that China would continue to enhance cooperation with downstream countries to benefit the people along the river.
The Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson said the development of the project in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River is a matter of China's sovereignty.
The project was aimed at building clean energy, improving local people's lives and in response to climate change, he added.
In the planning, design and construction of the hydro power projects in the lower reaches, China strictly follows the highest industrial standards in protecting ecological environment in an all-round way, he said.
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He also claimed that the development of the project will help prevent disasters along the whole river and will not have a negative impact on the downstream regions.
China has already operationalised the $1.5 billion Zam Hydropower Station, the largest in Tibet, in 2015, which raised concerns in India.
Critics point out that the dams in Brahmaputra present an enormous engineering challenges as the project site is located along a tectonic plate boundary where earthquakes occur frequently.
The Tibetan plateau, regarded as the roof of the world, periodically experiences earthquakes as it is located over the tectonic plates.
India and China established the Expert Level Mechanism (ELM) in 2006 to discuss various issues related to trans-border rivers under which China provides India with hydrological information on the Brahmaputra and Sutlej rivers during the flood seasons.
However, the sharing of hydrological data between the two countries hit a roadblock following the eastern Ladakh border row.
Data sharing of trans-border rivers figured in the talks between India and China Special Representatives (SRs) for the border question, NSA Ajit Doval and Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi, held in Beijing on December 18 last year.
Reports from Dhaka said the Chinese envoy to Bangladesh Yao Wen has assured that its dam is solely for electricity generation and will not affect water flow to downstream countries.
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Mr. Yao conveyed the message during a meeting with Bangladesh Foreign Affairs Adviser Md Touhid Hossain during their meeting on July 21.
'China will not withdraw or use any water from the project and the project will not affect downstream countries,' he was quoted as saying in a media report.