Experts reveal the hidden cost of digital screens on kids: Are children at risk?
The rise in screen time among children, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic, is contributing to a significant increase in myopia (nearsightedness). Early and prolonged exposure to digital devices like smartphones and tablets has been linked to vision problems due to reduced outdoor activity and increased near-focus tasks. Experts warn that if current trends continue, nearly half the global population could be myopic by 2050.
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Early Screen Use and Its Benefits
Myopia and Its Broader Impact
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Recommended Screen Time Limits and Preventive Measures
The widespread use of digital devices among children has seen a sharp increase, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic. While earlier generations primarily interacted with television, today's youth are surrounded by multiple screen-based technologies from infancy. Smartphones, tablets, laptops, and video games are not only prevalent in homes but have also become part of educational tools and recreational routines.Some researchers point out that screen-based activities like educational games and storybooks may support early development in areas such as motor coordination, language acquisition, and general cognitive engagement. However, these benefits are limited and must be weighed against the long-term health consequences of excessive screen exposure.The adverse effects of increased screen time are well documented. These include early-onset hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance, sleep disorders, acquired autism, and notably, the progression of myopia . Medical experts warn that every additional hour of daily screen use raises the risk of developing myopia by 21%. This trend is especially alarming given projections that nearly 50% of the global population may be affected by myopia by 2050.The global increase in nearsightedness carries with it a heightened risk for more serious eye disorders. These include maculopathy, retinal detachment, glaucoma, and degenerative conditions linked to high myopia. Children who use multiple screens—such as both televisions and smartphones—tend to face a greater risk of myopia progression.Environmental and lifestyle factors, particularly those related to increased near-vision activities and reduced time spent outdoors, play a crucial role. More screen time typically results in less exposure to natural sunlight and more reliance on artificial lighting, both of which contribute significantly to visual deterioration.Health experts strongly advise limiting screen time to one hour per day for children and recommend no screen exposure at all for children under two years of age. For those aged three to five, daily screen use should not exceed one hour.As Dr. Sakshi Lalwani of Dr Agarwals Eye Hospital emphasizes, controlling environmental conditions and lifestyle habits early can significantly reduce the burden of progressive myopia and associated eye diseases in the future.Educational institutions are encouraged to adopt stricter policies regarding digital device usage. Limiting screen time during school hours to 30 minutes and promoting alternative teaching methods could be effective strategies. Furthermore, mandatory exposure to natural light should be integrated into school routines.Parents also have a role in reducing risk. Setting up ergonomic workspaces, ensuring proper lighting at home, and maintaining appropriate viewing distances are key. Regular eye examinations—once or twice a year, depending on the child's vision needs—are also crucial.
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