Jamsetji Tata, J.R.D. Tata, Dhirubhai Ambani and…, India wouldn't have been superpower without these 9 superheroes! they are…
India is one of the world's largest 5 economies now. But when it got independence from Britishers it was one of the poorest countries in the world. Common people were struggling for so many things from food to jobs. There was not much industry, energy or infrastructure development.
There were many personalities who contributed to India's success from politics to socialist. But at the same time stalwart businessmen were the one who laid the foundation of India's industrial sector. They were the ones who started some of the businesses in India for the first time and took it to a higher level. It also helped the overall country and people to grow as the world's largest economy to what it is now. Bhai Mohan Singh: He is the founder of Ranbaxy Laboratories who changed India's pharmaceutical industry. During his regime it expanded globally. Govindram Seksaria: He is known as the 'Cotton King of India,' he started building businesses during the pre-Independence era. India became a big player in the textile trade due to his business efforts. Jamsetji Tata: The founder of the Tata Group, he laid the foundation for modern Indian industry like steel and energy sectors. He established India's first steel and energy companies. J.R.D. Tata: He is known as India's aviation pioneer as he expanded the Tata Group's legacy and established Air India, India's first commercial airline. Ardeshir Godrej: Co-founder of the Godrej Group, he transformed the Indian consumer goods industry for products like locks and soaps. He brought innovations in locks, soaps, and home appliances. K.C. Mahindra: Co-founder of Mahindra & Mahindra, he changed India's automotive and industrial sectors. He introduced new concepts in automotive and industrial sectors which led to India's post-Independence manufacturing growth. Ghanshyam Das Birla: He expanded the Birla Group in textiles, cement, and finance. It became India's one of influential business empires. Verghese Kurien: He is known as architect of India's White Revolution as he made India the largest producer of milk through the Amul model. He is also called the 'Father of White Revolution' due to the innovative Amul cooperative model. Dhirubhai Ambani : Father of Mukesh Ambani and founder of Reliance Industries revolutionized Indian business with a focus on textiles, energy, and telecommunications.
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UNDP reports that between 2005–2006 and 2019–2021, India's Multidimensional Poverty Index (on a scale of 1.000) plummeted from 0.283 to just 0.069—perhaps the fastest reduction among countries facing acute multidimensional poverty. Interestingly, the UNDP has praised India for this achievement. As per NITI Aayog's Multidimensional Poverty Index Report (2023) and the UNDP Global MPI 2023, the headcount ratio was reduced to 11.28 percent (as of 2022–23), and 24.82 crore people exited multidimensional poverty between 2013–14 and 2022–23. Deprivations fell significantly in terms of access to electricity and clean cooking fuel, sanitation, housing, school attendance, maternal and child health. Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Rajasthan saw the highest reduction in multidimensional poverty. If we look at extreme poverty (people with a daily income of $2.15), according to the World Bank's latest report (2025), India has virtually eliminated extreme poverty by global standards. In 2011, an estimated 27.12 percent of India's population lived in extreme poverty—approximately 34.45 crore people. Extreme poverty has come down to around 5.3 percent by 2022-23, that is, an estimated 7.52 crore people live in extreme poverty in the country. But this is the scenario of extreme poverty in India at a time when the World Bank has raised the threshold for extreme poverty from $2.15 to $3 per day. This implies that if we retain the earlier threshold of $2.15, the proportion of people living in extreme poverty would be hardly 2.3 percent of the population—about 3.36 crore people. This reduction has been made possible due to direct benefit transfers (DBT), free food distribution, and access to basic services—namely sanitation, health, banking, and electricity. Some argue that GDP numbers showing India becoming the fourth-largest economy are at odds with the government distributing free rations to more than 80 crore people. 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According to the US definition of the poverty line, nearly 18 percent of the population lives in poverty—and the situation is not much different in many European countries. UNICEF reports that between 2014 and 2021, child poverty increased sharply in some of the world's richest nations. Notably, the UK saw a 20 percent rise in child poverty, while France, Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland reported increases of around 10 percent. When it comes to relative poverty and inequality, OECD data show significant variation across countries. For example, the US has a relative poverty rate of 18 percent, whereas countries like Denmark and Finland report much lower rates, between 5 and 7 percent. Women and the elderly are especially vulnerable, with disproportionately higher poverty rates observed in these groups. In Norway, despite generally low overall poverty, the rate increased from 7.7 percent to 9.7 percent between 2013 and 2017. In Australia, as of 2019–2020, 13.4 percent of the population lived below the relative poverty threshold, including 16.6 percent of children under 15. While it is certainly a reason to celebrate that India has become the world's fourth-largest economy—and is poised to become the third-largest within the next 2–3 years—this economic milestone is only part of the story. India's progress in reducing both multidimensional and extreme poverty is equally, if not more, significant. These reductions have occurred at a much faster pace than in many peer countries. Although the road ahead is long, the journey so far has been remarkable. It is important to acknowledge these facts so that we may continue on the right path with clarity and purpose. Ashwani Mahajan is a professor at PGDAV College, University of Delhi. He tweets @ashwani_mahajan. Views are personal. (Edited by Prashant)
