logo
Thanaweya Amma to remain in place, baccalaureate system deemed optional: Parliament speaker - Society

Thanaweya Amma to remain in place, baccalaureate system deemed optional: Parliament speaker - Society

Al-Ahram Weekly5 days ago
Egypt's Thanaweya Amma secondary school system will remain in place, with the proposed baccalaureate-style track offered only as an optional alternative, Parliament Speaker Hanafy El-Gebaly said on Monday.
El-Gebaly made the announcement during a House session that followed the Education and Scientific Research Committee's approval of the draft law on Sunday.
His comments aimed to calm growing concerns among families who have long relied on the Thanaweya Amma track as the primary route to university admission.
Education Minister Mohamed Abdel-Latif also addressed the session. He described the proposed baccalaureate model as a significant shift in the country's education system, emphasizing that it would remain optional. He said the new track could ease what he called the 'financial and moral burden' the current system places on Egyptian families.
He argued that the baccalaureate would give students a better chance of accessing colleges that prepare them for a changing job market.
The Education Committee amended the bill to formally state that the baccalaureate system will be free, optional, and last for three academic years. Lawmakers also introduced caps on exam retake fees and allowed up to 20 percent of a student's final grade in basic education to reflect yearly school performance. They said the aim was to reduce pressure on final exams and encourage regular attendance.
Parliament also added a clause requiring universities to factor in students from both Thanaweya Amma and the new system when determining admissions. The move seeks to prevent any disparity between the two educational paths.
The baccalaureate structure divides the secondary stage into two phases. In the first year, students will take core subjects—such as Arabic, religious education, Egyptian history, mathematics, integrated sciences, philosophy, logic, and a first foreign language—that count toward their final grade.
They will also study additional subjects, such as a second foreign language, programming, and computer science, but these will not affect the final score.
In the second and third years, students will continue to study core subjects and select a specialization. Students in the Medicine and Life Sciences track will study standard-level math and physics in the second year and advanced biology and chemistry in the third.
Those in the Engineering and Computer Sciences track will take advanced math and physics in both years.
The Business track will include advanced economics and standard math, while the Arts and Humanities focus will offer advanced geography and statistics.
All students will retake religious education in their final year of study. Aside from changes in the life sciences track, the specialization subjects remain the same across the final two years.
The law will also allow students to retake exams—at a cost—to improve their final scores.
Follow us on:
Facebook
Instagram
Whatsapp
Short link:
Orange background

Try Our AI Features

Explore what Daily8 AI can do for you:

Comments

No comments yet...

Related Articles

Egypt recovers two smuggled artifacts from Belgium
Egypt recovers two smuggled artifacts from Belgium

Egypt Independent

time5 hours ago

  • Egypt Independent

Egypt recovers two smuggled artifacts from Belgium

Egypt's Ambassador to Belgium Ahmed Abu Zeid has received two smuggled artifacts in an official ceremony held at the Art and History Museum in Brussels. The move comes in light of the existing cooperation and coordination between the Egyptian Embassy in Brussels and the Belgian Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Economy, as well as the federal prosecutor's office of Belgium, which resulted in recovering two ancient Egyptian items, according to a statement released by the Foreign Ministry on Friday 11/7/2025. The first artifact is a gilded wooden sarcophagus from the Ptolemaic era, while the other ancient piece is a beard of a wooden statue dating back to the ancient Egyptian civilization. Speaking at the ceremony, Abu Zeid said that Egypt attaches great importance to restoring all smuggled artifacts in accordance with the 1970 UNESCO Convention, extending thanks to Belgium's authorities for their cooperation in recovering the two relics. The ambassador stated that he looks forward to fostering collaboration with the Belgian government in retrieving Egyptian antiquities and raising awareness about the significance of countering the illicit trafficking of cultural property, which represents the common human heritage of the world.

Egypt and China sign 1st phase of debt-for-development swap program
Egypt and China sign 1st phase of debt-for-development swap program

Egypt Independent

time7 hours ago

  • Egypt Independent

Egypt and China sign 1st phase of debt-for-development swap program

Minister of Planning, Economic Development and International Cooperation, Rania al-Mashat, and the Chairman of the China International Development Cooperation Agency (CIDCA), Chen Xiaodong on Thursday signed five new cooperation documents aimed at boosting Egyptian-Chinese strategic relations. These include a Memorandum of Understanding for the first development cooperation strategy between the two countries for 2025/2029, and the first phase of the debt-for-development swap program. The documents were signed at the Cabinet headquarters in the New Administrative Capital. The signing was witnessed by Egyptian Prime Minister Mostafa Madbouly, and Premier of the State Council of China, Li Qiang. The two sides signed an MoU on the first development cooperation strategy between Egypt and China from 2025-2029. This aims to promote development cooperation between the two countries in line with Egypt's National Development Strategy 2030 and the Global Development Initiative (GDI). The MoU stipulates enhancing cooperation in priority areas for both sides, including healthcare, connectivity, climate change and green development, digital economy, space, education, and industrial localization, which will serve as an opportunity for joint initiatives, as well as any other areas that the two sides may agree upon during this period. The strategy also encourages exploration of additional projects that align with the GDI and Egypt's Vision 2030, including those that promote green transformation and industrial localization. This initiative builds upon the MoU signed by Mashat during her participation in the GDI meetings in July 2023. The two parties also signed the framework agreement for the first phase of a Debt Swap for Development Program, activating an MoU originally signed in October 2023. Egypt is the first country with which CIDCA has entered into this kind of development financing agreement. The Governor of the Central Bank of Egypt (CBE) Hassan Abdalla also signed a MoU with Governor of the People's Bank of China (PBOC) Pan Gongsheng, on Friday, to boost joint collaboration across various areas of mutual interest between the two banks. The signing ceremony at the Egyptian Cabinet was witnessed by the Egyptian Prime Minister Mostafa Madbouly, and Li Qiang, Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, alongside senior officials from both countries. The MoU aims to promote the use of local currency settlements for cross-border financial and trade transactions, while facilitating direct investments between both sides to foster economic integration. It also includes provisions to strengthen cooperation on Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC). Additionally, it supports financial innovation using modern technology through conducting joint research and studies, as well as exchanging technical information and expertise. Abdalla affirmed that 'This MoU reflects the evolution of the historic ties between Egypt and China. It demonstrates both institutions' commitment to strengthening partnerships between their respective financial institutions in light of global economic developments.' Further agreements Mashat also signed the exchange of letters for a feasibility study grant for the national project to develop the prosthetics system, amounting to 1,520,000 Chinese Yuan. This project aims to make Egypt a regional hub in the Middle East and Africa for providing prosthetic limbs and assistive devices for people with disabilities, as well as possessing the manufacturing capability for them according to internationally approved standard specifications. Mashat, and the Chairman of the CIDCA, also signed an MoU on strengthening cooperation in human resources development, complementing the Ministry's role as a national coordinator for the annual training program provided by the Chinese side to the Egyptian government. Through this, the Chinese side will provide up to 2,000 training opportunities for Egypt in bilateral and multilateral training programs during the period from 2025-2027. The two sides also signed exchange of letters for the grant for the establishment of a Level-III Biosafety Laboratory, which will provide a secure environment for research, diagnosis, and the development of control measures for highly hazardous pathogens that require strict containment procedures, such as highly infectious viruses like COVID-19 and its variants.

Dabaa: A flagship national project - Features - Al-Ahram Weekly
Dabaa: A flagship national project - Features - Al-Ahram Weekly

Al-Ahram Weekly

time9 hours ago

  • Al-Ahram Weekly

Dabaa: A flagship national project - Features - Al-Ahram Weekly

Egypt and Russia are working closely together to construct the Dabaa Nuclear Power Plant, a major national project. During his participation in the celebrations marking the 80th anniversary of Victory Day in the Russian capital Moscow last month, President Abdel-Fattah El-Sisi met his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin to discuss relations between the two countries. According to Presidential Spokesman Mohamed Al-Shennawi, a large part of the discussion highlighted the significant progress being made in the construction of the Dabaa Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) in the northwest of Egypt, a project being developed in cooperation with Russia. 'The two leaders stressed that the Dabaa project is the cornerstone of the strategic relationship between the two countries,' Al-Shennawi said. President El-Sisi emphasised the importance of implementing the Dabaa project on schedule, considering it to be the largest Russian-Egyptian cooperation project since the Aswan High Dam in the 1960s. For his part, President Putin said that the Dabaa project will significantly contribute to developing the Egyptian economy, strengthen the country's energy base, and demonstrate Russia's advanced nuclear technology. El-Sisi and Putin's discussion of the Dabaa project came while senior Egyptian and Russian officials have been holding intensive meetings in Moscow and Cairo in recent weeks to ensure the project goes as planned. In Moscow two months ago, Minister of Electricity and Renewable Energy Mahmoud Esmat met with Alexey Likhachev, director-general of Russia's State Atomic Energy Corporation, Rosatom, which is constructing the Dabaa NPP. El-Sisi met this week with Likhachev in Alamein city. The meeting, the presidential spokesman said, meant at signing an agreement between Egypt and Russia on the building of the Dabaa NPP and related civil defence mechansims, as well as deals on electricty generation. Esmat said the construction of the Dabaa project is moving at a steady pace and that there is close coordination between Egyptian and Russian officials and technicians to ensure it goes according to the predetermined schedule and guarantee the success of Egypt's first nuclear power station. According to a statement from the Electricity Ministry, Esmat's meeting with Likhachev reflected the continuous coordination and strong cooperation between the Egyptian and Russian teams, aimed at achieving shared objectives. 'It aligns with Egypt's national strategy to develop the nuclear energy sector as a cornerstone of its Vision 2030 and broader development agenda, focusing on sustainable and clean energy sources,' the statement said. Esmat reaffirmed that the Dabaa project enjoyed consistent support from Egypt's political leadership, as it would contribute to meeting the country's rising demand for clean electricity, enhance energy security, and support national development goals. He highlighted that the project exemplifies the deep-rooted strategic partnership between Egypt and Russia and serves as a major component of Egypt's peaceful nuclear energy programme. More than 20 per cent of the Dabaa project has been completed so far, he added. The statement indicated that the meeting between Esmat and Likhachev addressed preparations for the delivery and integration of key electrical equipment, including major transformers, into the national grid. Emphasis was also placed on intensifying training programmes to prepare qualified personnel for the plant's operation, alongside measures to accelerate the project's execution. The meeting also covered the progress achieved in engineering, technical, and administrative areas and in capacity-building, with both sides confirming that work is proceeding on schedule and stressing the importance of maintaining regular joint meetings and mutual visits to monitor developments. The minister underlined the importance of diversified energy sources and clean, renewable power to reduce fuel consumption and carbon emissions. He emphasised the state's focus on the peaceful uses of nuclear energy as part of a comprehensive strategy for sustainable development and improved energy infrastructure. 'The supervision of the International Atomic Energy Agency [IAEA] was a necessary step before we began the actual construction of the first reactor on the ground,' he said. Likhachev hailed the Dabaa project as the 'flagship of Egyptian-Russian cooperation'. 'This project will help to increase Egypt's GDP by more than one per cent,' Likhachev said, noting that 'over 16,000 workers are working every day on the construction of the Dabaa plant.' He indicated that Rosatom has partnered with over 90 companies from Egypt for the construction of the plant, with 285 contracts worth over $1.2 billion. Likhachev also indicated that the ongoing construction of the plant means that Egypt has joined the world's nuclear club. 'The construction of this plant will allow Egypt to reach a new level of technology and industrial and educational development. The plant will be the largest project of Russian nuclear cooperation in Africa and the largest in Egypt since the giant Aswan High Dam project,' he said. 'Having their own nuclear energy industry has been a dream for the Egyptian people for more than half a century, and it is a great honour for Rosatom to make this dream come true.' Sherif Helmi, chair of Egypt's Nuclear Power Plants Authority, the owner and operator of the Dabaa NPP, also held an important meeting last month with Andrey Petrov, president of the Russian Company Atomstroyexport, the general contractor for the Dabaa NPP. The meeting, attended by senior Egyptian and Russian officials overseeing the Dabaa NPP, discussed the latest developments and progress in this vital strategic project. The discussion focused on the importance of enhancing joint coordination and monitoring the progress of work to ensure its implementation according to the specified timetables. During the meeting, the two sides reviewed in detail progress on the various engineering, technical, and administrative aspects of the project in addition to reviewing future plans and targets for achieving its main phases. Helmi and Petrov affirmed their joint commitment to completing all the work within the scheduled deadlines and emphasised the need to enhance close cooperation and overcome any obstacles to ensure efficient and effective progress. THE DABAA PLANT: The Dabaa NPP is under construction in the Matrouh governorate on the Mediterranean coast 170 km west of Alexandria and 320 km northwest of Cairo. Rosatom is the developer of the $30 billion nuclear power plant, which will be owned and operated by Egypt's Nuclear Power Plants Authority (NPPA). Dabaa is Rosatom's first major nuclear power project in Africa. It will comprise four pressurised water reactors (PWRs) with a total capacity of 4800 MW, which is expected to account for up to 10 per cent of Egypt's power generation capacity. Approval for the plant was obtained from the Egyptian Nuclear and Radiological Regulatory Authority (ENRRA) in March 2019, while the construction permit for the first unit of the plant was issued in June 2022. Rosatom started the construction of units one and two in July and November 2022, followed by the pouring of the first concrete for unit three in May 2023. In January 2024, Al-Sisi and Putin joined together via video conference to watch the pouring of the first concrete for the foundation of the fourth and final power unit of the Dabaa project. El-Sisi said 'this is a historic moment that will forever remain engraved in the history and memory of our nation.' He hailed the project as bearing witness to strong Egyptian-Russia cooperation and an additional milestone to those already achieved throughout history. El-Sisi said the Dabaa plant is progressing at a faster pace than planned, reflecting the importance that the Egyptian state attaches to the energy sector as a fundamental driver of economic growth. The four nuclear reactors at the plant are capable of producing 1200 MW each. They use the innovative GEN III+ design, standard technology used today in generating nuclear power around the world. The first unit is expected to begin commercial operations in 2026, while the commissioning of the remaining three reactors is scheduled for 2029. The Dabaa plant will meet the highest safety standards in compliance with International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) regulations. The plant will be able to withstand earthquakes of up to an intensity of 9 on the Richter Scale, airplane crashes, explosions, and even tsunamis. Helmi indicated that 'the design lifetime of the plant will be 60 years.' It is expected to generate up to 37 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity annually, meeting around 10 per cent of Egypt's total electricity demand. Plans to construct a nuclear power plant in Egypt were first proposed in 1954, but at the time the country lacked the financial resources necessary to turn this dream into reality. In 1956, Egypt decided to establish the Inshas Nuclear Research Reactor, which was imported from Russia for use in research and studies. This was a Light Water Tank (WWR) type reactor (Light Water Neutron Cooling and Moderation) with a capacity of 2 Megawatts, including an initial fuel load of 3.2 kg of 10 per cent enriched U235 uranium. The reactor is owned and operated by the Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), headquartered at the Nuclear Research Centre in Inshas some 40 km northeast of Cairo. The Inshas project came in response to Israel's decision to build a nuclear complex — the Dimona project — in cooperation with France in the mid-1950s. In 1983, Egypt began to revive its nuclear power programme, and the Dabaa site on the Mediterranean coast was selected to host the first nuclear plant. The plan was aborted following the 1986 Chernobyl accident in Ukraine, however. In April 2013, Egypt approached Russia to renew its nuclear cooperation agreement, focusing on the construction of a nuclear power plant at Dabaa. In February 2015, a further agreement was signed between Rosatom and the Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy, in which they 'agreed to launch detailed discussions on the prospective project'. At that time, President Putin visited Egypt and he and President El-Sisi signed a memorandum of understanding to cooperate on nuclear power. 'If the final decisions are made, they will relate not only to the construction of a nuclear power plant, but also to the creation of a whole new nuclear power industry in Egypt,' Putin said at a press conference in Cairo. According to reports, the Dabaa NPP will cost around $30 billion. It is being financed through a $25 billion loan extended by Russia to Egypt under a financing agreement signed between the Ministry of Finance of Egypt and the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. In November 2015, an intergovernmental agreement was signed with Russia to build and operate the four reactors, including fuel supply, used fuel, training and the development of regulatory infrastructure. A financing agreement for a Russian state export loan was signed, covering 85 per cent of the cost, with repayments to be made over 22 years in 43 equal semi-annual installments (the first installment is due on 15 October 2029). Egypt can repay Russia in either US dollars or in Egyptian pounds and will pay an interest rate of three per cent. Putin has recently approved an amendment to the Dabaa NPP loan that allows Egypt to pay the installments in Russian rubles instead of the currencies agreed on in the original agreement. In May 2017, the gannounced that the loan was for $25 billion and would cover 85 per cent of the cost of the four 1200 MW units, with Egypt committed to raising the remaining 15 per cent ($5 billion) for construction costs, the import of specialised equipment, and technical and managerial expertise. The Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy stated in 2020 that 'Egypt will pay its 15 per cent of the costs by selling the energy generated from the nuclear reactors at the plant.' 'This project will not be costing Egypt anything' as a result, said Egypt's former electricity minister Mohamed Shakir, noting that the price of electricity produced by nuclear power is much lower than that produced by natural gas. In April 2019, the NPPA received approval for the Dabaa site from the Egyptian Nuclear Regulation and Radiological Authority (ENRRA). In December 2019, the NPPA signed a further contract with engineering company Worley Ltd to serve as a consultant for the Dabaa project to 2030, providing technical support for the NPPA's design review, project management, procurement, construction management, training, procedure development, quality assurance, and the commissioning of the plant. The Covid-19 pandemic in February 2021 led to the slowing down of the implementation of the Dabaa project. In July 2022, however, work resumed at full capacity and construction permits from ENRRA for units one and two were issued. In March and August 2023, ENRRA issued a construction licence for units three and four. The first concrete for unit four was poured in January 2024. * A version of this article appears in print in the 10 July, 2025 edition of Al-Ahram Weekly Follow us on: Facebook Instagram Whatsapp Short link:

DOWNLOAD THE APP

Get Started Now: Download the App

Ready to dive into a world of global content with local flavor? Download Daily8 app today from your preferred app store and start exploring.
app-storeplay-store