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Ravenous 'vampire' stars may use cosmic accomplices to help devour stellar victims

Ravenous 'vampire' stars may use cosmic accomplices to help devour stellar victims

Yahoo15-07-2025
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Astronomers have been aware of cosmic vampires, dead stars that hungrily strip plasma from victim stars, for some time. New research suggests that some of these cosmic fiends could have accomplices, Renfields to their Draculas, in the form of a third star in their systems, facilitating their fateful encounter.
These systems are known as cataclysmic variables, and their occupant vampire stars are white dwarfs, the type of stellar remnant that stars with masses around that of the sun leave behind when they die.
The matter stolen from their victim stellar companions by these white dwarfs piles up on the dead stars' surfaces, eventually causing them to go supernova and be obliterated. Though the endings of cataclysmic variables are fairly well understood, this research suggests at least one new origin story.
"Our results are revealing another formation channel for cataclysmic variables," California Institute of Technology (Caltech) researcher Kareem El-Badry said in a statement. "Sometimes, a lurking third star is key."
The current consensus on cataclysmic variables is that they form when two stars are brought together by a "common envelope" of gas wrapped around them. This is known as "common envelope evolution."
Eventually, one of these two stars swells up as a red giant, puffing out to up to 100 times its original size, swallowing its stellar companion. After this envelope causes these stars to spiral together, it is ejected. The red giant is now a stripped core called a white dwarf with a companion star close enough for the dead star to strip it of its outer layers.
While many stars exist in binaries, triple-star systems are also common in the universe. That prompted El-Badry, Caltech graduate student Cheyanne Shariat, and their team to wonder how this process would play out for three stars.
To investigate this, the duo turned to the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia. Before its recent retirement, Gaia tracked billions of stars to collect data that is allowing scientists to construct a detailed 3D map of our cosmic backyard.
El-Badry and Shariat found 50 cataclysmic variables in triple-star systems in which two stars are closely partnered while a third orbits at a much wider distance.
These results suggested to the duo that around 10% of cataclysmic variables are found in triple-star systems, a percentage that would be lower if lurking third stars had no role in creating cataclysmic variables.
To confirm this connection, the astronomers ran 2,000 simulations of hypothetical triple-star systems, watching the gravitational interactions between the three stars as the systems evolved.
In 400 of the systems, cataclysmic variables were born without the common envelope phase occurring. In that 20% sample of the total simulations, it was the third star that "torqued" the main binary, forcing them together.
"The gravity of the third star causes the binary stars to have a super eccentric orbit, and this forces the companion star closer to the white dwarf," Shariat said. "Tidal forces dissipate energy and shrink and circularize the orbit. The star doesn't have to spiral in through the common envelope."
But that wasn't all. In 60% of the simulated systems, a common envelope phase did begin, and it was triggered by the third star.
In the remaining 20% of the simulations, the common envelope formed in the standard way without the third star contributing.
Adjusting their data to account for a more realistic population of stars, reflective of the Milky Way, and including known cataclysmic variables, the duo predicted 40% of cataclysmic variables form in triple systems.
That is four times higher than the Gaia sample. The team reasons that this is because many third stars in these systems were either too difficult to see or have been ejected from the system.
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The simulations performed by El-Badry and Shariat also allowed the team to predict the type of triple-star systems more likely to form cataclysmic variables.
They found white dwarfs were more likely to feed on a stellar companion with the assistance of a third star when the system starts with the third star separated by over 100 times the distance between Earth and the sun.
Indeed, Gaia data did seem to show that triple systems with cataclysmic variables do indeed tend to display wider orbits.
"For the past 50 years, people were using the spiral-in common-envelope evolution model to explain cataclysmic variable formation," El-Badry concluded. "Nobody had noticed before that this was largely happening in triples!"
The team's research was published in the journal Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific.
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Testosterone Booster for Muscle Gain: Men Opt for OTC Supplement Form Natural Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) Treatment in 2025
Testosterone Booster for Muscle Gain: Men Opt for OTC Supplement Form Natural Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) Treatment in 2025

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Testosterone Booster for Muscle Gain: Men Opt for OTC Supplement Form Natural Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) Treatment in 2025

TestoPrime New York City, NY, July 27, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- A recent survey shows that TestoPrime is widely regarded by men as the and the top choice for muscle-building results in the United States. In 2025, the pursuit of muscle mass and optimal health continues to drive innovation in the supplement world. For decades, men wanting to boost muscle growth, energy, and performance have turned to testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) as a solution for declining male hormone levels. Traditionally, TRT meant doctor-prescribed injections, gels, or patches—methods that, while effective, come with drawbacks like cost, inconvenience, and potential side effects. Enter the new era: pill form testosterone booster supplements for TRT. Over-the-counter, non-prescription supplements offer safe, natural alternatives for men looking to enhance their testosterone and, with it, muscle gains, recovery, and vitality. At the forefront of this revolution is TestoPrime, a brand rapidly becoming synonymous with natural testosterone therapy and transformative article will explore the science behind testosterone and muscle mass, the shift toward oral supplements. Read why TestoPrime is emerging as the number one choice for natural TRT for men in 2025. The Role of Testosterone in Muscle Growth and Men's Health Why Testosterone Matters Testosterone is the primary male hormone, responsible not only for hormonal male health but also for a host of bodily functions vital to muscle mass, strength, mood, and energy. As men age—or due to lifestyle factors—testosterone levels can decline, leading to: Reduced muscle mass and strength Increased body fat Lower energy and motivation Decreased libido and performance Mood changes such as irritability or depression Slower recovery from workouts Testosterone and Muscle Mass: The Science Muscle tissue is highly responsive to testosterone. The hormone's anabolic effects promote: Protein synthesis: Boosting the rate at which muscle fibers repair and grow after exercise. Nitrogen retention: A key factor in muscle recovery and growth. Red blood cell production: Enhancing oxygen delivery to muscles during training. Fat distribution: Helping to maintain a leaner physique. Low testosterone levels make it harder to gain or even maintain muscle, no matter how hard you train. Introducing TestoPrime: The Leader in Pill Form TRT Testosterone treatmentRead why doctors and clinicians recommend TestoPrime for low testosterone levels About TestoPrime Testosterone Supplements TestoPrime is a breakthrough supplement specifically formulated to naturally elevate and optimize testosterone levels in men. Backed by clinical research, TestoPrime is designed for: Men experiencing age-related testosterone decline Athletes and bodybuilders wanting to build lean muscle mass and recovery Anyone looking to reclaim energy, focus, and vitality Since its launch, TestoPrime has garnered a loyal following and impressive results - making it the go-to testosterone supplement in 2025. TestoPrime's Formula: What's Inside and How It Works Powerful, Natural Ingredients TestoPrime's formula is built on 12 evidence-based ingredients, all chosen for their synergistic effects: D-Aspartic Acid (DAA) A natural amino acid that stimulates LH production, signaling the body to boost testosterone levels. Panax Ginseng A legendary adaptogen, ginseng helps combat stress and supports libido, stamina, and energy. Ashwagandha Extract Reduces cortisol, the stress hormone that can suppress testosterone; also supports muscle growth and fat loss. Fenugreek extract Shown in studies to naturally increase testosterone and support strength and libido. Green Tea Extract (with EGCG) Antioxidant-rich, it supports fat burning and overall health. Pomegranate Extract Boosts blood flow and supports cardiovascular health, benefiting workout performance. Vitamin D Essential for testosterone production; most men are deficient. Zinc A mineral crucial for hormone health and immune function. Vitamin B6, B5, Garlic Extract, Black Pepper Extract Support energy metabolism, absorption, and overall hormonal balance. How TestoPrime Works Stimulates natural testosterone production DAA and fenugreek help the body make more of its own testosterone. Reduces stress and cortisol Ashwagandha keeps stress in check, protecting testosterone levels. Enhances energy, focus, and stamina Ginseng, green tea, and B vitamins keep you sharp and motivated. 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Accelerated Muscle Growth By naturally increasing testosterone, TestoPrime amplifies protein synthesis and nitrogen retention—critical processes for building and repairing muscle fibers after intense workouts. Users report faster gains in size and strength, especially when combined with resistance training. 2. Improved Strength and Performance Higher testosterone enhances red blood cell production, resulting in better oxygen delivery and endurance. TestoPrime users often notice more power and stamina in the gym, enabling progressive overload and continual improvement. 3. Faster Recovery TestoPrime's anti-inflammatory and adaptogenic ingredients (like ashwagandha and ginseng) help the body recover from strenuous exercise, reducing muscle soreness and downtime. 4. Fat Loss and Leaner Physique Increased testosterone shifts the body's metabolism toward burning fat for fuel, particularly visceral (belly) fat. 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Do I need to cycle TestoPrime? While it can be taken continuously, many users prefer to follow 8–12 week cycles with breaks. 6. Can older men use TestoPrime? Absolutely. In fact, older men with age-related testosterone decline stand to benefit the most. TestoPrime Reviews and Community Buzz: Why TestoPrime is #1 in 2025Growing Popularity With thousands of positive reviews worldwide, TestoPrime has become a staple testosterone supplement for men looking to reclaim their strength, energy, and physique. Social Proof Fitness forums: Users report dramatic improvements in muscle mass, recovery, and motivation. YouTube/Instagram: Influencers and trainers increasingly recommend TestoPrime for natural muscle building. Wellness blogs: Health experts highlight its science-backed formula and transparent labeling. Satisfaction Guarantee TestoPrime offers a lifetime money-back guarantee—a testament to its effectiveness and customer trust. Where to Buy TestoPrime: Ensuring Authenticity and Results To guarantee you're getting the genuine product, always buy directly from the official TestoPrime website. Benefits include: Fresh, authentic product direct from the manufacturer Bulk order discounts and free shipping Lifetime money-back guarantee 24/7 customer support and guidance Avoid third-party resellers to steer clear of counterfeits and ensure eligibility for the guarantee. Traditional TRT: The Challenges of Injections and Gels Prescription TRT: The Standard Approach For years, men diagnosed with low testosterone have relied on medical testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). This typically involves: Injections: The most common method, often administered weekly or bi-weekly. Topical gels or patches: Applied to the skin daily. Implants or pellets: Inserted under the skin for slow hormone release. Limitations and Drawbacks While prescription TRT can be life-changing for men with clinical deficiency, it's not without downsides: Invasive and inconvenient: Injections require regular doctor visits; gels and patches can be messy or cause skin irritation. Side effects: Risk of acne, hair loss, sleep apnea, increased red blood cell count, high blood pressure and testicular shrinkage. Cost: Ongoing medical appointments and prescription fees add up. Not accessible to all: Only available with a clinical diagnosis and prescription. The Shift in 2025: Why Men Are Turning to Pill Form Testosterone Replacement Therapy The Demand for Natural TRT Treatments In 2025, more men are looking for ways to safely and effectively boost testosterone without needles, doctors, or prescriptions. The new generation of pill form testosterone boosting supplements answers this demand, offering: Convenience: Easy, daily oral dosing. Natural ingredients: Plant extracts, vitamins, and minerals shown to support healthy testosterone levels naturally. No prescription required: Accessible to all adult men, worldwide. Safer profile: Lower risk of side effects compared to synthetic hormone replacement. Comprehensive benefits: Improved muscle mass, energy, mood, and overall wellness. The Science Behind Natural Testosterone Boosters Pill-based supplements work by supporting the body's own testosterone production, rather than replacing it with synthetic hormones. 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Discover TestoPrime and join the new era of muscle building and men's health today. Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement. Individual results may vary. Media Contact:Steve Niddich, Head of Product InnovationWolfson Brands UK12 Payne Street, Glasgow, G4 0LF, United Kingdomsupport@ TestoPrime CONTACT: Media Contact: Steve Niddich, Head of Product Innovation Wolfson Brands UK 12 Payne Street, Glasgow, G4 0LF, United Kingdom support@

William J. Rutter, Biotech Pioneer of Gene-Based Medicine, Dies at 97
William J. Rutter, Biotech Pioneer of Gene-Based Medicine, Dies at 97

New York Times

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  • New York Times

William J. Rutter, Biotech Pioneer of Gene-Based Medicine, Dies at 97

William J. Rutter, a scientist who helped create the modern biotechnology industry as a founder of a company that turned breakthroughs from academic labs into commercial medicines, including the first genetically engineered vaccine and a therapy for multiple sclerosis, died on July 11 at his home in San Francisco. He was 97. His daughter, Cindy Rutter, said the cause was complications of urothelial carcinoma, a cancer of the urinary system. In 1981, Dr. Rutter and two University of California colleagues founded the Chiron Corporation in Emeryville, Calif. Along with the South San Francisco start-up Genentech, it established the Bay Area as the country's biotech capital, a counterpart to the computing boom in Silicon Valley. Chiron specialized in recombinant DNA technology, also known as gene splicing — the technique of snipping a gene from one organism and inserting it into the DNA of another organism. In 1968 Dr. Rutter, a biochemist, was recruited by the University of California, San Francisco, to help transform it into a research powerhouse with funding from the National Institutes of Health. He helped pioneer the science of genetic engineering — a foundation of the biotech industry that set it apart from traditional pharmaceutical development. He started Chiron (pronounced KY-ron) with Pablo D. T. Valenzuela, a fellow biochemist at U.C.S.F., and Edward E. Penhoet, a professor at the University of California, Berkeley; Dr. Rutter was chairman of the board. The company was named for a centaur in Greek mythology known for his skill in the healing arts Want all of The Times? Subscribe.

Michigan among states that could glimpse northern lights. See map
Michigan among states that could glimpse northern lights. See map

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Michigan among states that could glimpse northern lights. See map

Much of Michigan could see the northern lights on July 26, according to NOAA's Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) forecast. The northern lights, also known as the aurora borealis, may be visible in as many as 14 northern states tonight, according to NOAA's SWPC dashboard. According to NOAA, "view lines" Michiganders as far south as Grand Rapids, Lansing and Port Huron may be able to catch a glimpse of the shimmering lights in the night sky to the north. The lights could be overhead for people in parts of the Upper Peninsula. NOAA says a G1 geomagnetic storm, a worldwide disturbance of the Earth's magnetic field, is expected to produce a Kp rating of 5. Kp is an index used to indicate the severity of the global magnetic disturbances in near-Earth space, NOAA said. Kp ratings increase from zero to 9+. NOAA is predicting moderate and minor geomagnetic storm impacts. Some high latitude electrical systems could suffer damage, radios could be affected among other issues. When could the northern lights be visible? The northern lights could be visible in Michigan Saturday, July 26, according to SPWC. What are the northern lights? The northern lights, or aurora borealis, are waves of light created when the solar wind strikes the atmosphere, creating a display of moving lights in the night sky. Which states could see the northern lights? The NOAA says the red "view line" marks the southernmost extent where aurora might be seen on the northern horizon. While more than a dozen states have a chance to see the northern lights on July 26, Alaska has the greatest chance to see the spectacle, followed by parts of the following states: Idaho Michigan Washington Montana Wyoming North Dakota South Dakota Minnesota Wisconsin New York Vermont New Hampshire Maine Why do the northern lights have different colors? The color of the aurora depends on which gas is being excited by the electrons and on how much energy is being exchanged, NASA said. Oxygen emits either a greenish-yellow light (the most familiar color of the aurora) or a red light; nitrogen generally gives off a blue light. The oxygen and nitrogen molecules also emit ultraviolet light, which can only be detected by special cameras on satellites. This article originally appeared on Lansing State Journal: Northern lights forecast: Michigan, other states could see aurora borealis July 26 Solve the daily Crossword

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