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62-year-old fish caught in Lake Superior thought to be oldest-ever lake trout discovered

62-year-old fish caught in Lake Superior thought to be oldest-ever lake trout discovered

CBS News10 hours ago
Researchers say that a lake trout recently captured in Lake Superior is believed to be the oldest-known specimen of its species ever caught in the Great Lakes, estimated to be 62 years old.
The fish was collected at Klondike Reef in autumn 2023 by researchers with the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, along with multiple universities and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
According to the DNR, one of the fish specimens collected may not have tipped any physical records scales, weighing in under 5 pounds and measuring just over 2 feet in length, but it certainly qualifies as the oldest fish ever documented among the five Great Lakes.
The fish is believed to have hatched in 1961, long before a man walked on the moon, long before the first known test-tube baby, and even before President John F. Kennedy was assassinated. DNR officials said, with some whimsical logic, that if the fish were to have gone through human schooling, it would have graduated the same year as former president Barack Obama and Princess Diana of Wales.
A typical lake trout in Lake Superior is thought to be roughly 25 to 30 years old. Prior to this new discovery, the oldest trout reported in the lake was estimated to have reached 42 years of age.
Researchers determined the age of the fish by counting the number of "rings" visible on the fish's otolith, or "ear stone," which grows through the years of a fish's life.
The Michigan DNR said that staffers have taken to calling the fish "Mary Catherine," as Mary was among the most common names given to baby girls the year the trout was born.
Officials say that they take samples of fish to track population health, and the discovery of Mary Catherine indicates that lake trout are doing well in Lake Superior.
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Salton Sea not to blame for Coachella, Imperial air pollution, study says
Salton Sea not to blame for Coachella, Imperial air pollution, study says

Yahoo

time16 minutes ago

  • Yahoo

Salton Sea not to blame for Coachella, Imperial air pollution, study says

For years, millions of dollars have poured into controlling dust that wafts off the exposed lake shoreline of the Salton Sea, hoping to solve a serious air pollution problem in the Coachella and Imperial valleys. But a new report finds that the dusty shoreline is only responsible for a small percentage of the pollution, prompting some researchers to emphasize that cleaner air inside people's homes, workplaces and schools could be more important in addressing the asthma and respiratory disease that plague the area. "My big takeaway is that there's so many different sources that what we really need to do is pivot away from source control to start protecting people where they're exposed,' said Michael Cohen, a senior researcher at the Pacific Institute and lead author of the report. Released Thursday, the report draws on data from local, state and federal agencies and finds that dust from the expanding dry shore of the Salton Sea accounts for less than 1% of total small particle pollution in the region. The Salton Sea Basin, Coachella Valley and Imperial Valley all violate ozone, or smog, limits. When averaged over the year, Imperial Valley and Salton Sea Basin have twice the state limit for larger particles. Recent research also suggests bacteria and hydrogen sulfide as pollutants of concern. The dust particles are made up of agricultural chemicals from miles of lettuce and spinach fields, manure from livestock operations, diesel exhaust, unpaved roads and fine debris from lithium mining. Previous reports from UC Riverside have called the area one of the most impoverished and environmentally deteriorated regions in California. This mix is why state and local agencies have long focused their attention on dust control projects, planting salt-tolerant vegetation and spreading gravel. To date, California has spent some $49 million to put in more than 3,000 acres of dust suppression around the Salton Sea. But pollution is coming from so many places that money may be best spent in other ways, the researchers say. 'It's just much more effective, more cost-effective to switch to exposure control ... because really, at the end of the day, we're trying to protect public health and improve the lives of people," Cohen said. That could mean focusing on distributing filters, weatherizing homes and alerting people when they should stay and avoid exercising outdoors. A 2023 survey by the UCR School of Medicine showed more than one in five children in communities near the Salton Sea have asthma — almost twice the state average. Some 29% of parents surveyed said their child has had wheezing or breath whistling in the past, most in the last 12 months. The Salton Sea's role in the region's air quality is amplified by its geography. As a desert basin bordered by mountains, it can trap pollutants. Since 2018, the Salton Sea no longer gets an inflow of fresh water, only agricultural runoff, so it is evaporating and shrinking while the exposed, dry lake bed area is expanding, feeding clouds of particulate. Wind patterns, including strong gusts that sweep across the lake bed and surrounding farmland, can also kick up fine, toxic particles and carry them into nearby towns — exposing more residents. Some of the communities have identified pesticides, open burning, road dust and farming operations as among their air priorities. The region includes Calipatria, Brawley, Riverside, Palm Desert and Indio as well smaller communities, many of them mostly Latino or Indigenous. It's not that the Salton Sea is ruled out as a health problem. Dr. David Lo, a UC Riverside professor who has focused for years on air pollution in the region, said certain particles can be especially harmful depending on their chemical or biological makeup. 'A tiny amount of toxic material, even if it's infinitesimally small, can still have really major health effects,' Lo said. If policy emphasis were to shift to indoor air quality, that would leave many people unprotected, said Aydee Rodriguez, environmental justice campaign manager for the nonprofit Alianza Coachella Valley. "We've been noticing an uptick … of asthma-related … emergencies, people having nosebleeds, people having migraines, people feeling dizzy, nauseous,' she said. 'My hope is that the people start to get together and start talking to each other," said study author Cohen. "About what the different agencies are doing, where they're investing their money and how they can leverage and optimize those investments in public health.' This story originally appeared in Los Angeles Times.

Photos: Inside the Allen Institute for AI's new HQ in Seattle's first mass-timber office building
Photos: Inside the Allen Institute for AI's new HQ in Seattle's first mass-timber office building

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Photos: Inside the Allen Institute for AI's new HQ in Seattle's first mass-timber office building

The view from one of Ai2's outdoor patios, overlooking Lake Union and the Seattle skyline. (Photos by Todd Bishop, GeekWire) It was a big news week for Seattle's Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence (Ai2), including the announcement of a new AI robotics initiative and a landmark grant from Nvidia and the National Science Foundation to lead the creation of the future AI backbone for U.S. scientific research. But the nonprofit research institute also reached another milestone in recent weeks: moving into its new 50,000-square-foot headquarters in Seattle's first large-scale mass-timber commercial building. A lobby seating area at Ai2's new headquarters in Northlake Commons. (GeekWire Photo / Todd Bishop) The new Ai2 space, in the Northlake Commons project on the north shore of Lake Union, is now the central gathering and workspace for the organization and its team of about 225 people. Ai2 occupies one floor of the five-story building. It's a short drive up the road from Ai2's prior headquarters, and within walking or biking distance of the University of Washington, where many of Ai2's researchers are also affiliated with the UW Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering. Mass timber is an engineered wood product made by binding layers of wood together into strong, large structural panels and beams, providing the strength of steel or concrete with a lower carbon footprint. The mass-timber elements are visible throughout the space and common areas of the building. An outdoor meeting area at the Northlake Commons building. The space includes large meeting rooms, private call rooms, a podcast and video studio, large doors that open up to outside patios on warm days, and a dining area and gathering space with sweeping views of Lake Union and downtown. The interior design deliberately avoids a traditional 'sea of desks' layout in favor of smaller groupings of workstations where researchers can collaborate while remaining connected through walkways and sight lines. There's even enough space for a simulated home environment in the Ai2 robotics lab, including two kitchens, allowing researchers to test their latest AI robotics technology in conditions that mimic a real-world household. The Ai2 logo in the lobby of the new headquarters. Northlake Commons was designed by Seattle-based architect Weber Thompson and built by general contractor Swinerton. News of the Ai2 lease was announced in July 2024. The Allen Institute for AI (Ai2) is separate from the AI2 Incubator, which spun off from the non-profit and has its own new waterfront home, AI House, at Pier 70 on Elliott Bay. Keep scrolling for more pictures from inside the new Ai2 space. The view across the open-air courtyard at Northlake Commons, the mass-timber building that now houses Ai2's new headquarters. (GeekWire Photos / Todd Bishop) A grouping of workstations inside the new Ai2 headquarters. The entrance to a new podcast and video studio at the Ai2 headquarters. A large common area overlooking Lake Union. The Ai2 logo inside the common room of the new headquarters. RELATED STORY: Allen Institute for AI lands $152M from Nvidia and NSF to lead national AI project

New type of supernova detected as black hole causes star to explode
New type of supernova detected as black hole causes star to explode

Yahoo

time2 hours ago

  • Yahoo

New type of supernova detected as black hole causes star to explode

(Corrects reference to Gagliano to lead author in paragraph 3 instead of co-author) By Will Dunham WASHINGTON (Reuters) -Astronomers have observed the calamitous result of a star that picked the wrong dance partner. They have documented what appears to be a new type of supernova, as stellar explosions are known, that occurred when a massive star tried to swallow a black hole with which it had engaged in a lengthy pas de deux. The star, which was at least 10 times as massive as our sun, and the black hole, which had a similar mass, were gravitationally bound to one another in what is called a binary system. But as the distance separating them gradually narrowed, the black hole's immense gravitational pull appears to have distorted the star - stretching it out from its spherical shape - and siphoned off material before causing it to explode. "We caught a massive star locked in a fatal tango with a black hole," said astrophysicist Alexander Gagliano of the U.S. National Science Foundation's Institute for AI and Fundamental Interactions located at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, lead author of the study published this week in the Astrophysical Journal. "After shedding mass for years in a death spiral with the black hole, the massive star met its finale by exploding. It released more energy in a second than the sun has across its entire lifetime," Gagliano added. The explosion occurred about 700 million light-years from Earth. A light-year is the distance light travels in a year, 5.9 trillion miles (9.5 trillion km). "The gravitational pulls of the two objects were actually similar because we think they had similar masses. But the star was much larger, so it was in the process of engulfing the black hole as the black hole pulled material off of it. The star was large but puffy, and the black hole was small but mighty. The black hole won out in the end," Gagliano said. The researchers are not certain of the exact mechanism that caused the supernova. "It's unclear if the distortion triggers an instability that drives the collapse of the star, and then the leftover stellar material gets rapidly eaten by the black hole, or if the black hole completely pulls the star apart before it goes supernova," said Harvard University astrophysicist and study co-author Ashley Villar. "The star has been pulled and morphed by the black hole in complex ways," Villar added. The binary system started out with two massive stars orbiting each other as cosmic companions. But one of the two stars reached the end of its natural life cycle and exploded in a supernova, and its core collapsed to form a black hole, an extraordinarily dense object with gravity so strong that not even light can escape. "This event reveals that some supernovae can be triggered by black hole companions, giving us new insights into how some stars end their lives," Villar said. Stars that are at least eight times as massive as the sun appear destined to end their lives with a supernova. Those with a mass at least 20 times that of the sun will form a black hole after the explosion. An artificial intelligence algorithm designed to scan for unusual explosions in the cosmos in real time first detected the beginnings of the explosion, providing an alert that enabled astronomers to carry out follow-up observations immediately. By the time the explosion was completed, it had been observed by numerous ground-based and space-based telescopes. "Our AI algorithm allowed us to launch a comprehensive observational study early enough to really see the full picture for the first time," Gagliano said. Observations of the star dating to four years before the supernova revealed bright emissions that the astronomers believe were caused when the black hole guzzled material sucked off the star. For instance, the star's outer hydrogen layer appears to have been ripped off, exposing the helium layer below. The researchers observed bright emissions in the explosion's aftermath as the black hole consumed leftover stellar debris. In the end, the black hole became more massive and more powerful. Systems grouping two or more companions are quite common. Some of these multiples have a black hole as one of the companions. "Our takeaway is that the fates of stars are incredibly impacted by their companion - or companions - in life. This event gives us an exciting window into how dramatically black holes can impact the deaths of massive stars," Gagliano said. Solve the daily Crossword

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