
I'm a doctor and vaccines changed my childhood. Here's a lesson we all need to learn
is a writer and physician whose novels, short stories, and poetry for adults have won multiple prizes in Canada, the UK, and Ireland. "Planet Earth" is forthcoming in November 2025.
To a medical student in the 1960s, the most amazing feature of measles was not the death rate (1 in 1,000) but the paradox of its diagnosis. The child's body would soon be fevered, miserable, covered head to foot in purple-red spots. But other viral illnesses could present like that too, so we were taught to examine, with wooden tongue depressor and penlight, the soft palate, at the back of the tongue. There were the lesions that dispelled all doubt, and they were not red at all, or inflamed. They were white, tiny, looking just like multiple grains of salt. Koplik Spots, they were called, after an observant American doctor. 'Go home,' was all we could say, 'there is nothing to be done, soon the full-blown rash will appear, and your brothers and sisters will catch it too.'
Vaccination for measles in Ontario began in 1970. By 1998, all deaths and morbidity from it had vanished. But this year, south of London, Ontario, 2,500 cases burned through the community, fuelled by vaccine hesitancy. In the province, one death.

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Toronto Sun
29 minutes ago
- Toronto Sun
Fitness influencer and bodybuilding champion dies ‘unexpectedly' at 37
Hayley McNeff, an American bodybuilder who won multiple state championships and was featured in a documentary, died at her home. Bobybuilder Hayley McNeff died at 37 years old. Instagram Former bodybuilding champion Hayley McNeff died last Friday at the age of 37 in an 'unexpected' shock to those that knew her. This advertisement has not loaded yet, but your article continues below. THIS CONTENT IS RESERVED FOR SUBSCRIBERS ONLY Subscribe now to read the latest news in your city and across Canada. Unlimited online access to articles from across Canada with one account. Get exclusive access to the Toronto Sun ePaper, an electronic replica of the print edition that you can share, download and comment on. Enjoy insights and behind-the-scenes analysis from our award-winning journalists. Support local journalists and the next generation of journalists. Daily puzzles including the New York Times Crossword. SUBSCRIBE TO UNLOCK MORE ARTICLES Subscribe now to read the latest news in your city and across Canada. Unlimited online access to articles from across Canada with one account. Get exclusive access to the Toronto Sun ePaper, an electronic replica of the print edition that you can share, download and comment on. Enjoy insights and behind-the-scenes analysis from our award-winning journalists. Support local journalists and the next generation of journalists. Daily puzzles including the New York Times Crossword. REGISTER / SIGN IN TO UNLOCK MORE ARTICLES Create an account or sign in to continue with your reading experience. Access articles from across Canada with one account. Share your thoughts and join the conversation in the comments. Enjoy additional articles per month. Get email updates from your favourite authors. THIS ARTICLE IS FREE TO READ REGISTER TO UNLOCK. Create an account or sign in to continue with your reading experience. Access articles from across Canada with one account Share your thoughts and join the conversation in the comments Enjoy additional articles per month Get email updates from your favourite authors Don't have an account? Create Account An obituary published on on Tuesday described her death as 'unexpected but peaceful' while her family confirmed to People that she died at her home in Sudbury, Mass. 'Hayley was like a beam of light in this world. She had boundless energy and was very determined to achieve whatever she set out to do,' Hayley's father, Dave, told People in a statement. 'She set her sights on bodybuilding and fitness and achieved the highest success that sector offered. She loved us and we love Hayley very much, we miss her madly.' Per the obituary, McNeff graduated from the University of Massachusetts Amherst and was an accomplished bodybuilder in the 2000s, capturing state titles in both Maryland and Delaware. 'A lifelong athlete, she excelled as an accomplished equestrian, a talented board diver and skier as a youth and young adult,' the obituary reads. Your noon-hour look at what's happening in Toronto and beyond. By signing up you consent to receive the above newsletter from Postmedia Network Inc. Please try again This advertisement has not loaded yet, but your article continues below. McNeff also was featured in Raising the Bar , a 2005 documentary described as ' one of the first of a new wave of realistic and honest bodybuilding documentaries.' This advertisement has not loaded yet, but your article continues below. 'The quest for getting huge will never end,' McNeff said in the documentary. 'There's no limit. I hope there's a day that I'll be able to look in the mirror 100% of the time and be like, 'Yeah man, I'm huge.'' McNeff pursued a graduate degree in psychology after retiring from the sport, but remained interested in fitness. Her Instagram bio described her as a 'nationally ranked bodybuilder, nutritionist and life coach.' This advertisement has not loaded yet, but your article continues below. 'She had a gift for making those around her laugh and feel welcomed,' the obituary reads. 'Her energy and determination was a constant in her life and she always accomplished what she set out to achieve. She treasured her friendships and nurtured strong, lasting relationships with those who knew her best. Hayley will be deeply missed by her parents, siblings, extended family, and friends.' A service for McNeff is set to be held on Saturday, and her family has asked attendees to make a donation to the National Alliance on Mental Illness in her honour. Read More Check out our sports section for the latest news and analysis. Canada Sunshine Girls Toronto & GTA Sunshine Girls Toronto & GTA


Winnipeg Free Press
16 hours ago
- Winnipeg Free Press
Safer HSC will improve odds of attracting U.S. nurses, union says
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MIKAELA MACKENZIE / FREE PRESS FILES 'What we're really saying is, 'Mr. Employer, if you actually had a safe workplace and respected and valued your nurses, it wouldn't be an issue to recruit and retain nurses,'' Manitoba Nurses Union president Darlene Jackson said Thursday. MIKAELA MACKENZIE / FREE PRESS FILES 'What we're really saying is, 'Mr. Employer, if you actually had a safe workplace and respected and valued your nurses, it wouldn't be an issue to recruit and retain nurses,'' Manitoba Nurses Union president Darlene Jackson said Thursday. Health Sciences Centre nurses last week voted 94 per cent in favour of grey-listing the hospital, a designation that advises colleagues to decline jobs and turn down shifts at the hospital because of ongoing safety concerns. 'We're saying, 'It's an unsafe place to go — think again if you're going to apply,'' Jackson said. 'What we're really saying is, 'Mr. Employer, if you actually had a safe workplace and respected and valued your nurses, it wouldn't be an issue to recruit and retain nurses.'' The HSC nurses want stricter screening and control of access points, swipe cards to access hospital tunnels, an early alert system to warn staff members and patients about security incidents, a formal process for post-incident debriefs and a formal review of security training and policies within 30 days. They also want a police presence until there is greater coverage from institutional safety officers. The employer has an early alert system plan that hasn't been rolled out yet, said Jackson. The HSC response to the nurses' grey-listing vote has been to produce a list of safety measures that have already been taken, she said. 'Most of it was compelled by an arbitrator,' she said. 'It wasn't done voluntarily.' 'What recruits and retains nurses is nurses who are happy with where they're working, and who feel safe and secure.'–Union president Darlene Jackson The health minister, who uses 'they/them' pronouns, said Thursday they're working on improving safety. 'Nurses want a safe workplace and we're talking directly to HSC nurses about how we can create a more secure facility for everyone who uses it,' Asagwara, a psychiatric nurse, said in the statement. 'We'll keep making progress on health-care staffing, taking action to improve security, and we will never let up on building a better system for front-line workers.' The NDP government has made progress on chronic staffing shortages and followed through on its commitment to get nurses 'the fair wages they deserve,' Asagwara said. 'Today, there are 250 more nurses caring for patients at HSC than when we took office (in October 2023),' they said. MIKAELA MACKENZIE / FREE PRESS FILES 'Nurses want a safe workplace and we're talking directly to HSC nurses about how we can create a more secure facility for everyone who uses it,' Health Minister Uzoma Asagwara, a psychiatric nurse, said in a statement. MIKAELA MACKENZIE / FREE PRESS FILES 'Nurses want a safe workplace and we're talking directly to HSC nurses about how we can create a more secure facility for everyone who uses it,' Health Minister Uzoma Asagwara, a psychiatric nurse, said in a statement. Manitoba cast a lure for American nurses in March. The Shared Health recruitment drive targeted nurses working in the U.S. with concerns about their ability to care for patients under the administration of President Donald Trump. Trump's executive orders have impacted the American health-care system: stopping federal support for gender-affirming care, exiting the World Health Organization and no longer recognizing transgender and non-binary identities. 'Manitoba is home to culturally diverse populations and welcoming communities, with a strong focus on providing safe and inclusive health services that meet the needs of all residents,' a March 14 advertisement on Shared Health's Instagram page read. The social media campaign also mentioned a streamlined process for transferring a U.S. nursing licence to Manitoba. College of Registered Nurses of Manitoba president Deb Elias said they have made 'pragmatic and tangible improvements to the registration experience.' The college issued a news release this week announcing the steps it has taken to expedite registering nurses from outside of Manitoba, and how it's working with its partners to meet Manitoba's nursing needs. 'We also wanted just to really demonstrate the urgency of the situation,' Elias said. Asagwara said changes made by the college to streamline its licensing process will help recruitment efforts. Carol SandersLegislature reporter Carol Sanders is a reporter at the Free Press legislature bureau. The former general assignment reporter and copy editor joined the paper in 1997. Read more about Carol. Every piece of reporting Carol produces is reviewed by an editing team before it is posted online or published in print — part of the Free Press's tradition, since 1872, of producing reliable independent journalism. Read more about Free Press's history and mandate, and learn how our newsroom operates. Our newsroom depends on a growing audience of readers to power our journalism. If you are not a paid reader, please consider becoming a subscriber. Our newsroom depends on its audience of readers to power our journalism. Thank you for your support.


Japan Forward
a day ago
- Japan Forward
Antarctic Whales: Insights from Decades of Research
[SPONSORED] Japan's long-term surveys of whales in the Antarctic Ocean have deepened understanding of the region's whale populations. What scientists learned. Humpback whales have seen a remarkable recovery in their populations in both the southern and northern hemispheres. (©Institute for Cetacean Research) このページを 日本語 で読む Since 1987, Japan's Institute of Cetacean Research (ICR) has carried out long-term whale surveys in the Antarctic Ocean. Over the years, these efforts have deepened our understanding of whales and whale populations and the surrounding marine environment. This article offers a reader-friendly look at what the research has revealed so far. Minke whales were once believed to be a single species found across the world's oceans. However, research from Japan's whale sampling program revealed that those in the Southern Hemisphere are genetically distinct. They are now classified as Antarctic minke whales. These whales are widely distributed across the Southern Hemisphere. In summer, they migrate south to the Antarctic Ocean, where they feed on vast amounts of Antarctic krill to store energy for the year ahead. They exist in multiple populations, each with its own breeding grounds. Japanese research identified two major populations between the Indian Ocean and western Pacific (35°E to 145°W), which intermingle in the central part of this range. Historically, Antarctic minke whales reached sexual maturity at around 14 to 15 years of age. But after commercial whaling sharply reduced blue and other large baleen whales, krill became more abundant. This abundance allowed minke whales to mature earlier — now at just seven to eight years. That shift likely contributed to a population increase from around 100,000 to 515,000 individuals. Estimated Population of Antarctic Minke Whales in Area IV. (©Suisan Keizai Daily News) Southern right whales can grow up to 18 meters long, while newborns measure between 4.5 and 6 meters. They are easy to recognize by their enormous heads — roughly a quarter of their body length — and the callosities (roughened patches) on their skin. Unlike many other whale species, they have no dorsal fin or throat grooves. Pregnancy lasts about 12 months, and females give birth roughly every three years. Calving takes place in mid- to low-latitude coastal waters, including areas off southwestern Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and both coasts of South America. After calving, the whales migrate to higher latitudes to feed. Due to their slow swimming speed and tendency to float after death, southern right whales were among the first to be targeted by whalers. Intense hunting by European and American fleets from the 17th to 19th centuries led to a steep decline in their numbers. By 1920, their global population had fallen to an estimated 300 individuals — already considered rare when modern whaling began. The species has been protected from hunting since 1937 and has now been under international protection for 86 years (as of 2023). Their original population is estimated at 55,000 to 70,000. In the Antarctic, they are mainly found in Area IV, where a 2007–08 survey estimated the population at 1,557 individuals, with an annual growth rate of 5.9%. Estimated Population of Southern Right Whales in Area IV. (©Suisan Keizai Daily News) Fin whales are most commonly found between 40°S and 60°S, a region known for its strong westerly winds and rough seas. Some whales venture even farther south beyond 60°S, which contributes to year-to-year fluctuations in population estimates. Commercial hunting of fin whales in the Southern Hemisphere was banned in 1976. As of 2023 — 47 years later — there are encouraging signs of recovery. In the Southern Ocean south of 60°S, the Indian Ocean group (Areas III East and IV) was estimated at 3,087 individuals in 1995/96, but declined to 2,610 in 2007/08. In contrast, the South Pacific group (Areas V and western VI) grew dramatically from 1,879 to 14,981 individuals over the same period. These groups are now showing annual growth rates of 8.9% and 12%, respectively. Estimated Population of Fin Whales in the Indo-Pacific Region South of 60°S. (©Suisan Keizai Daily News) In the Southern Hemisphere, adult humpback whales can reach about 16 meters for females and 15 meters for males. Newborns typically measure between 4.5 and 5.0 meters. Their most distinctive feature is their exceptionally long pectoral fins, which can stretch to one-third of their body lasts around 12 months. Calving takes place in warmer, low-latitude coastal waters, after which mothers and calves migrate to cooler, high-latitude feeding grounds south of 50°S. From 1904 to 1963, humpbacks were heavily targeted by commercial whaling, and their numbers declined steeply. Hunting was banned in the Southern Hemisphere in the 1963/64 season and later extended worldwide in 1966. When Japan's Antarctic Research Program for Whales (JARPA) began, humpback sightings were so rare that spotting just one became a highlight of cruise logs. But beginning in the late 1990s, researchers started to witness a remarkable recovery. In the Indian Ocean sector of Antarctica (Area IV), humpbacks eventually became the dominant species by biomass south of 60°S during summer, overtaking Antarctic minke whales. Since the mid-1990s, the IWC Scientific Committee has raised questions about the reliability of JARPA's findings, prompting Japan to defend the credibility of its research. In August 2008, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) released an update: although some regional concerns remain, the global humpback whale population — including those in the Northern Hemisphere — had surpassed 60,000 and was continuing to grow. The IUCN reclassified the species from "Vulnerable (VU)" to "Least Concern (LC)" on its Red List. Recent estimates put the population at 29,067 in Area IV and 13,894 in Area V, with both regions showing steady growth. Surveys conducted by Australia and New Zealand have also confirmed this upward trend. Estimated Population of Humpback Whales in Area IV. (©Suisan Keizai Daily News) Visual surveys conducted in the Antarctic during the 1980s estimated the blue whale population at just 700 individuals, highlighting the species' critically endangered status at the time. By the 2005/06 to 2007/08 surveys, the estimated number of blue whales south of 60°S in the Southern Ocean had increased to 1,223. The population is now believed to be growing at an annual rate of about 8.2%. Even so, the numbers remain very low — just around 2% of the species' estimated original population of 250,000. Still, more than 60 years have passed since hunting was banned in the 1963/64 season, and there are now gentle signs that the species is on a slow path to recovery. Estimated Population of Blue Whales in the Indo-Pacific Region South of 60°S. (©Suisan Keizai Daily News) This program was launched in response to the International Whaling Commission (IWC)'s 1982 decision to place a moratorium on commercial whaling. The IWC's main focus was the Antarctic minke whale. Surveys focused on population size, natural mortality, recruitment rates, and the ecological role of whales in the Antarctic Ocean. Researchers also examined how environmental changes were affecting whale populations and studied the distribution of different whale groups across the region. JARPA II expanded the scope of research to include not only Antarctic minke whales but also fin whales and humpback whales. The program aimed to explore how different whale species interact with one another, monitor the broader Antarctic ecosystem, and develop models of ecological competition among whales. In 2014, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) reviewed the program following a case brought by Australia. While the court acknowledged the scientific value of the research, it ruled that JARPA II did not fall within the scope of Article VIII, Paragraph 1 of the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling. One of the reasons cited was the program's failure to meet its target sample size. As a result, JARPA II came to an end later that year. NEWREP-A was developed in response to the ICJ ruling. The program was launched after expert review by the IWC and discussions within its Scientific Committee. Its main goal was to improve the accuracy of biological and ecological data used to calculate catch limits for Antarctic minke whales under the Revised Management Procedure (RMP). It also aimed to deepen understanding of the Antarctic ecosystem through the development of ecosystem models. This ongoing program continues Japan's long-term efforts to study whales in the Antarctic with a focus on sustainable use of marine resources. All research is conducted through non-lethal methods. The survey looks at population size and trends among large whale species, as well as their distribution, migration patterns, and stock structure. Since the launch of JASS-A, no whales have been caught, and researchers are now working to update population estimates based on data from the 2010s and 2020s. Surveys are primarily being conducted in Areas IV and V. (©Suisan Keizai Daily News ) (Provided by the Institute of Cetacean Research) (The report is published in cooperation with the Institute of Cetacean Research in Japan. A version of it was first published in Japanese in the Suisan Keizai Daily News on February 28, 2023. Let us hear your thoughts in our comments section.) Author: Suisan Keizai Daily News このページを 日本語 で読む