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Why Simultaneous Casing Advancement is Revolutionizing Modern Drilling Projects

Why Simultaneous Casing Advancement is Revolutionizing Modern Drilling Projects

The Challenges of Drilling Through Fractured or Unstable Rock
Drilling isn't always a walk in the park. When you're battling fractured, loose, or water-logged rock layers, things can go south pretty quickly. Boreholes collapse, equipment gets stuck, and your project timeline goes up in flames. It's messy, costly, and downright frustrating.
That's where casing advancing systems steps in like a superhero. With increasing demands for quick turnarounds, safer sites, and tighter budgets in construction, geothermal, and water well projects, finding a better way to drill and case at the same time is not just a luxury—it's a necessity.
Simply put, simultaneous casing advancement means you're drilling and installing casing at the same time. Instead of first drilling a hole and then trying to shove casing into an unstable borehole (risking collapse), you drive the casing down with the drill bit leading the way.
Traditional methods are sequential—you drill, then case. But with simultaneous casing advancement, it's one fluid motion. Less time, fewer problems, and a whole lot less gray hair.
When you cut out the downtime between drilling and casing, you're shaving serious hours, or even days, off your project. In high-stakes construction or geothermal drilling, time is quite literally money.
No more risking borehole collapse or having workers scramble to fix dangerous voids. Simultaneous casing advancement keeps the borehole stable from start to finish, protecting both the crew and the project.
Fewer accidents, faster drilling, and reduced equipment wear and tear translate into major cost savings. And who doesn't like saving money?
Wing King systems feature extendable wings that help anchor the casing as you advance. It's like having a little mechanical arm helping guide and stabilize the casing deeper into the ground.
Ring Bit systems involve a specialized bit that allows drilling and casing together, with a casing shoe that remains in the ground or is retrieved, depending on your needs. It's a clean, efficient option especially suited for unstable formations.
Your choice between a Wing King or Ring Bit system depends on your ground conditions, project goals, and whether you need the casing to be permanent or retrievable.
For skyscrapers and bridges, stable foundations are everything. Simultaneous casing advancement ensures deep, secure pilings without delays caused by unstable ground conditions.
Geothermal projects often dig deep into challenging strata. CAS (Casing Advancement Systems) maintain borehole integrity, ensuring a smooth path to the earth's energy-rich core.
Before any major project, you need to know what's underground. Using casing advancement makes exploratory drilling quicker, safer, and more reliable.
Sometimes you just need the casing temporarily—maybe for site investigations or exploratory drilling. Retrievable casing lets you reuse valuable materials, saving both money and the environment.
In other projects like foundation work or water wells, permanent casing provides ongoing support. It's about matching the casing to the life cycle of the project.
Choosing between retrievable and permanent systems gives you the flexibility to adapt to different project scopes, budgets, and timelines, setting you up for success every time.
Innovative manufacturers like Drill King International have pushed the boundaries, developing advanced casing systems that allow simultaneous drilling and casing up to 36 inches in diameter. That's some serious muscle for big-time projects.
Whether it's soft soils or fractured granite, modern casing systems can adjust on the fly, delivering tailored solutions without a hitch.
The future is automated. Expect systems with sensors, real-time monitoring, and AI-assisted drilling, reducing human error and boosting precision.
Sustainability is the name of the game. Future casing systems will focus on minimizing waste, reducing carbon footprints, and making drilling projects greener.
Simultaneous casing advancement is changing the game for modern drilling. Faster, safer, and smarter, this technology is solving problems that have plagued drilling teams for decades. And with innovative leaders like Drill King International pushing the limits of offering the best Down The Hole DTH Drilling solutions, there's no better time to stay updated, upgrade your systems, and embrace the future of drilling.
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From Contributor To Standout: Build Executive Presence Before Promotion
From Contributor To Standout: Build Executive Presence Before Promotion

Forbes

time23-07-2025

  • Forbes

From Contributor To Standout: Build Executive Presence Before Promotion

You don't need to be in the C-suite to be seen as executive material. A survey commissioned by Sally Williamson & Associates found that 89% of senior executives surveyed confirm executive presence as a differentiator while 78% say a lack of executive presence holds people back from advancement. Did you know you can develop an executive presence, even if you don't want to reach the C-suite? Building an executive presence before you get the promotion may be the very thing that helps you earn it. Here are five tips that you can use to cultivate executive presence right where you are, without faking authority or waiting for permission. Speak with clarity, not just confidence. People with executive presence aren't necessarily the loudest in the room, but they are the clearest. Whether presenting in a meeting or giving a project update, focus on clarity, structure, and purpose. Avoid the temptation to overexplain. Executive presence often comes down to saying less with more impact. That means leading with key takeaways, using confident body language, and pausing intentionally. Your goal isn't just to inform; it's to inspire. It's to help others think clearly and act decisively. Pro Tip: Before your next meeting, distill your message into one sentence. This action will sharpen how you're perceived. Show strategic thinking in everyday conversations. You don't need to make boardroom decisions for people to see you as a strategic thinker. Start by connecting the dots between your work and the organization's bigger goals. Pro Tip: Instead of just saying, "Here's what I did this week," you might say, "Here's how what I did this week supports our goal of improving customer retention." This kind of framing helps your managers and peers see you as someone who understands the broader business and contributes to it thoughtfully. Strategic presence isn't about being right; it's about being relevant. It's about being appropriate. Manage your emotions like a leader, especially when things get tough. Emotional intelligence is a cornerstone of executive presence. That doesn't mean hiding how you feel; it means being able to name your emotions, regulate them, and respond with intention instead of impulse. If something frustrating happens (a project derails, someone takes credit for your idea, or a meeting goes awry), executive presence is evident in the response, not the reaction. Pro Tip: Ask yourself, 'What would the leader I want to be known for do in this moment?' When others see that you can stay calm under pressure, they'll start to see you as someone who can lead through anything. Own the room even when you're not leading it. You don't need to have the floor to command attention. You build executive presence by showing up prepared, making thoughtful contributions, and actively listening to others. Pro Tip: When you're in the room, whether virtually or in person, be fully there. Avoid multitasking. Look engaged. Bring curiosity. Ask a well-timed question that moves the conversation forward and focus on making others feel seen first. If you are hesitant to attend on your own, ask a colleague to go with you. Attending events with someone you know makes it more enjoyable and may open the door to meeting new and interesting people. Build influence through consistency, not control. One myth about executive presence is that it's about taking charge. In reality, it's about creating trust. And trust comes from consistency. That means doing what you say you'll do, delivering on time, and being someone people can rely on, not just when things are going well, but especially when they're not. Pro Tip: Offer support without expecting recognition in return. The people who are remembered and respected aren't the ones who dominate the spotlight, but the ones who helps the whole team shine. You don't need a title to lead. Executive presence isn't about waiting to be promoted before you act like a leader. It's about developing the behaviors, mindset, and communication style that signals you are ready for higher leadership responsibilities now. The truth is when you consistently show up with clarity, strategy, emotional intelligence, engagement, and trustworthiness, you become someone others want to follow long before your name appears on the org chart. The next time someone tells you that you have "leadership potential," recognize that you already possess executive presence.

Align Technology Announces Invisalign® System With Mandibular Advancement Featuring Occlusal Blocks for Class II Skeletal and Dental Correction
Align Technology Announces Invisalign® System With Mandibular Advancement Featuring Occlusal Blocks for Class II Skeletal and Dental Correction

Associated Press

time22-07-2025

  • Associated Press

Align Technology Announces Invisalign® System With Mandibular Advancement Featuring Occlusal Blocks for Class II Skeletal and Dental Correction

SINGAPORE--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Jul 21, 2025-- Align Technology, Inc. (Nasdaq: ALGN), a leading global medical device company that designs, manufactures, and sells the Invisalign® System of clear aligners, iTero™ intraoral scanners, and exocad™ CAD/CAM software for digital orthodontics and restorative dentistry, today announced commercial availability in Singapore of the Invisalign System with mandibular advancement featuring occlusal blocks designed specifically to address Class II skeletal and dental correction by simultaneously advancing the mandible while aligning the teeth. This innovative solution is Align's first clear aligner product with integrated solid occlusal blocks that is designed to deliver predictable mandibular advancement. Invisalign occlusal blocks provide durability, improve engagement, and enable vertical opening to offer earlier advancement of the mandible in cases like skeletal Class II with deep bite to improve treatment efficiency. This press release features multimedia. View the full release here: The Invisalign System with mandibular advancement featuring occlusal blocks is the latest clinical innovation that expands Align's Class II treatment portfolio for growing patients by offering practitioners a comprehensive solution for treating growing patients with Class II malocclusions caused by mandibular retrusion. The Invisalign System with mandibular advancement featuring occlusal blocks is the latest clinical innovation that expands Align's Class II treatment portfolio for growing patients by offering practitioners a comprehensive solution for treating growing patients with Class II malocclusions caused by mandibular retrusion. Class II malocclusion is one of the most common orthodontic problems, characterized by a discrepancy in jaw alignment where the lower jaw (mandible) is positioned too far back relative to the upper jaw (maxilla) and represents approximately 30-45% of malocclusions globally. This condition can lead to functional, aesthetic, and other challenges for patients if left untreated. The Invisalign System with mandibular advancement featuring occlusal blocks is primarily intended for growing patients in the late mixed or early permanent dentition stages (ages 10-16), who are still experiencing growth. By leveraging the natural growth potential during pre-adolescence and adolescence, the Invisalign System with mandibular advancement featuring occlusal blocks facilitates effective correction of Class II malocclusions, helping to improve occlusal relationships, enhance facial aesthetics, and provide long-term functional benefits, including: 'The Invisalign System with mandibular advancement featuring occlusal blocks reflects Align's continued commitment to expanding the capabilities of the Invisalign System, enabling doctors to treat a wider range of malocclusions with precision and efficiency, and helps to continue to advance clear aligners as the standard of care in digital orthodontics,' said Sreelakshmi Kolli, Align Technology executive vice president, chief product and digital officer. 'This latest innovation demonstrates our significant investment in delivering digital orthodontic solutions to growing patients that empower doctors to achieve predictable outcomes while enhancing the patient experience.' 'The Invisalign System with mandibular advancement featuring occlusal blocks represents a breakthrough in Class II treatment with clear aligners by allowing doctors to simultaneously address dental and skeletal discrepancies in a more predictable and efficient manner,' said Dr. Mitra Derakhshan, Align Technology executive vice president, chief clinical officer, global treatment planning and clinical services. 'The integration of occlusal blocks enhances mandibular engagement as well as provides bite opening making this a versatile solution for different Class II malocclusion including deep bite or div 2. The Invisalign System with mandibular advancement featuring occlusal blocks, gives doctors and patients a better option for Class II correction in growing patients while simultaneously straightening their teeth, including more options for feature placement, such as attachments on teeth underneath the blocks (3).' The Invisalign System with mandibular advancement featuring occlusal blocks is now commercially available to Invisalign-trained doctors in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Hong Kong, India, and Singapore, and is expected to be introduced in additional APAC markets later in 2025. Along with the Invisalign® Palatal Expander System, Invisalign First™ and Invisalign System with mandibular advancement featuring occlusal blocks, this latest innovation supports the commitment to establishing a unique and differentiated portfolio that supports growing patients throughout their continuum of care. For more information about the Invisalign System with mandibular advancement featuring occlusal blocks, or to schedule a training session, please visit or contact your local Align Technology representative. About Align Technology, Inc. Align Technology designs and manufactures the Invisalign® System, one of the most advanced clear aligner systems in the world, iTero™ intraoral scanners and services, and exocad™ CAD/CAM software. These technology building blocks enable enhanced digital orthodontic and restorative workflows to improve patient outcomes and practice efficiencies for over 281.4 thousand doctor customers and are key to accessing Align's 600 million consumer market opportunity worldwide. Over the past 28 years, Align has helped doctors treat approximately 20.1 million patients with the Invisalign System and is driving the evolution in digital dentistry through the Align™ Digital Platform, our integrated suite of unique, proprietary technologies and services delivered as a seamless, end-to-end solution for patients and consumers, orthodontists and GP dentists, and lab/partners. Visit for more information. For additional information about the Invisalign System or to find an Invisalign doctor in your area, please visit For additional information about the iTero digital scanning system, please visit For additional information about exocad dental CAD/CAM offerings and a list of exocad reseller partners, please visit Invisalign, iTero, exocad, Align, Align Digital Platform, and iTero Lumina are trademarks of Align Technology, Inc. View source version on CONTACT: Align Technology Madelyn Valente (909) 833-5839 [email protected] Group Sarah Karlson (828) 551-4201 [email protected] KEYWORD: NORTH AMERICA UNITED STATES ASIA PACIFIC SINGAPORE SOUTHEAST ASIA ARIZONA INDUSTRY KEYWORD: TECHNOLOGY TEENS MEDICAL DEVICES CHILDREN DENTAL HEALTH TECHNOLOGY SOFTWARE HEALTH CONSUMER SOURCE: Align Technology, Inc. Copyright Business Wire 2025. PUB: 07/21/2025 09:00 PM/DISC: 07/21/2025 09:01 PM

The Number Of Questions That AGI And AI Superintelligence Need To Answer For Proof Of Intelligence
The Number Of Questions That AGI And AI Superintelligence Need To Answer For Proof Of Intelligence

Forbes

time20-07-2025

  • Forbes

The Number Of Questions That AGI And AI Superintelligence Need To Answer For Proof Of Intelligence

How many questions will we need to ask AI to ascertain that we've reached AGI and ASI? In today's column, I explore an intriguing and unresolved AI topic that hasn't received much attention but certainly deserves considerable deliberation. The issue is this. How many questions should we be prepared to ask AI to ascertain whether AI has reached the vaunted level of artificial general intelligence (AGI) and perhaps even attained artificial superintelligence (ASI)? This is more than merely an academic philosophical concern. At some point, we should be ready to agree whether the advent of ASI and ASI have been reached. The likely way to do so entails asking questions of AI and then gauging the intellectual acumen expressed by the AI-generated answers. So, how many questions will we need to ask? Let's talk about it. This analysis of an innovative AI breakthrough is part of my ongoing Forbes column coverage on the latest in AI, including identifying and explaining various impactful AI complexities (see the link here). Heading Toward AGI And ASI First, some fundamentals are required to set the stage for this weighty discussion. There is a great deal of research going on to further advance AI. The general goal is to either reach artificial general intelligence (AGI) or maybe even the outstretched possibility of achieving artificial superintelligence (ASI). AGI is AI that is considered on par with human intellect and can seemingly match our intelligence. ASI is AI that has gone beyond human intellect and would be superior in many if not all feasible ways. The idea is that ASI would be able to run circles around humans by outthinking us at every turn. For more details on the nature of conventional AI versus AGI and ASI, see my analysis at the link here. We have not yet attained AGI. In fact, it is unknown whether we will reach AGI, or that maybe AGI will be achievable in decades or perhaps centuries from now. The AGI attainment dates that are floating around are wildly varying and wildly unsubstantiated by any credible evidence or ironclad logic. ASI is even more beyond the pale when it comes to where we are currently with conventional AI. About Testing For Pinnacle AI Part of the difficulty facing humanity is that we don't have a surefire test to ascertain whether we have reached AGI and ASI. Some people proclaim rather loftily that we'll just know it when we see it. In other words, it's one of those fuzzy aspects and belies any kind of systematic assessment. An overall feeling or intuitive sense on our part will lead us to decide that pinnacle AI has been achieved. Period, end of story. But that can't be the end of the story since we ought to have a more mindful way of determining whether pinnacle AI has been attained. If the only means consists of a Gestalt-like emotional reaction, there is going to be a whole lot of confusion that will arise. You will get lots of people declaring that pinnacle AI exists, while lots of other people will insist that the declaration is utterly premature. Immense disagreement will be afoot. See my analysis of people who are already falsely believing that they have witnessed pinnacle AI, such as AGI and ASI, as discussed at the link here. Some form of bona fide assessment or test that formalizes the matter is sorely needed. I've extensively discussed and analyzed a well-known AI-insider test known as the Turing Test, see the link here. The Turing Test is named after the famous mathematician and early computer scientist Alan Turing. In brief, the idea is to ask questions of AI, and if you cannot distinguish the responses from those of what a human would say, you might declare that the AI exhibits intelligence on par with humans. Turing Test Falsely Maligned Be cautious if you ask an AI techie what they think of the Turing Test. You will get quite an earful. It won't be pleasant. Some believe that the Turing Test is a waste of time. They will argue that it doesn't work suitably and is outdated. We've supposedly gone far past its usefulness. You see, it was a test devised in 1949 by Alan Turing. That's over 75 years ago. Nothing from that long ago can apparently be applicable in our modern era of AI. Others will haughtily tell you that the Turing Test has already been successfully passed. In other words, the Turing Test has been purportedly passed by existing AI. Lots of banner headlines say so. Thus, the Turing Test isn't of much utility since we know that we don't yet have pinnacle AI, but the Turing Test seems to say that we do. I've repeatedly tried to set the record straight on this matter. The real story is that the Turing Test has been improperly applied. Those who claim the Turing Test has been passed are playing fast and loose with the famous testing method. Flaunting The Turing Test Part of the loophole in the Turing Test is that the number of questions and type of questions are unspecified. It is up to the person or team that is opting to lean into the Turing Test to decide those crucial facets. This causes unfortunate trouble and problematic results. Suppose that I decide to perform a Turing Test on ChatGPT, the immensely popular generative AI and large language model (LLM) that 400 million people are using weekly. I will seek to come up with questions that I can ask ChatGPT. I will also ask the same questions of my closest friend to see what answers they give. If I am unable to differentiate the answers from my human friend versus ChatGPT, I shall summarily and loudly declare that ChatGPT has passed the Turing Test. The idea is that the generative AI has successfully mimicked human intellect to the degree that the human-provided answers and the AI-provided answers were essentially the same. After coming up with fifty questions, some that were easy and some that were hard, I proceeded with my administration of the Turing Test. ChatGPT answered each question, and so did my friend. The answers by the AI and the answers by my friend were pretty much indistinguishable from each other. Voila, I can start telling the world that ChatGPT has passed the Turing Test. It only took me about an hour in total to figure that out. I spent half the time coming up with the questions, and half of the time getting the respective answers. Easy-peasy. The Number Of Questions Here's a thought for you to ponder. Do you believe that asking fifty questions is sufficient to determine whether intellectual acumen exists? That somehow doesn't seem sufficient. This is especially the case if we define AGI as a form of AI that is going to be intellectually on par with the entire range and depth of human intellect. Turns out that the questions I came up with for my run of the Turing Test didn't include anything about chemistry, biology, and many other disciplines or domains. Why didn't I include those realms? Well, I had chosen to compose just fifty questions. You cannot ask any semblance of depth and breadth across all human knowledge in a mere fifty questions. Sure, you could cheat and ask a question that implores the person or the AI to rattle off everything they know. In that case, presumably, at some point, the 'answer' would include chemistry, biology, etc. That's not a viable approach, as I discuss at the link here, so let's put aside the broad strokes questions and aim for specific questions rather than smarmy catch-all questions. How Many Questions Is Enough I trust that you are willing to concede that the number of questions is important when performing a test that tries to ascertain intellectual capabilities. Let's try to come up with a number that makes some sense. We can start with the number zero. Some believe that we shouldn't have to ask even one question. The AI has the onus to convince us that it has attained AGI or ASI. Therefore, we can merely sit back and see what the AI says to us. We either are ultimately convinced by the smooth talking, or we aren't. A big problem with the zero approach is that the AI could prattle endlessly and might simply be doing a dump of everything it has patterned on. The beauty of asking questions is that you get an opportunity to jump around and potentially find blank spots. If the AI is only spouting whatever it has to say, the wool could readily be pulled over your eyes. I suggest that we agree to use a non-zero count. We ought to ask at least one question. The difficulty with being constrained to one question is that we are back to the conundrum of either missing the boat and only hitting one particular nugget, or we are going to ask for the entire kitchen sink in an overly broad manner. None of those are satisfying. Okay, we must ask at least two or more questions. I dare say that two doesn't seem high enough. Does ten seem like enough questions? Probably not. What about one hundred questions? Still doesn't seem sufficient. A thousand questions? Ten thousand questions? One hundred thousand questions? It's hard to judge where the right number might be. Maybe we can noodle on the topic and figure out a ballpark estimate that makes reasonable sense. Let's do that. Recent Tests Of Top AI You might know that every time one of the top AI makers comes out with a new version of their generative AI, they run a bunch of various AI assessment tests to try and gleefully showcase how much better their AI is than other competing LLMs. For example, Grok 4 by Elon Musk's xAI was recently released, and xAI and others used many of the specialized tests that have become relatively popular to see how well Grok 4 compares. Tests included the (a) Humanity's Last Exam or HLE, (b) ARC-AGI-2, (c) GPQA, (d) USAMO 2025, (e) AIME 2025, (f) LiveCodeBench, (g) SWE-Bench, and other such tests. Some of those tests have to do with the AI being able to generate program code (e.g., LiveCodeBench, SWE-Bench). Some of the tests are about being able to solve math problems (e.g., USAMO, AIME). The GPQA test is science-oriented. Do you know how many questions are in the GPQA testing set? There is a total of 546 questions, consisting of 448 questions in the Main Set and another 198 questions in the harder Diamond Set. If you are interested in the nature of the questions in GPQA, visit the GPQA GitHub site, plus you might find of interest the initial paper entitled 'GPQA: A Graduate-Level Google-Proof Q&A Benchmark' by David Rein et al, arXiv, November 20, 2023. Per that paper: 'We present GPQA, a challenging dataset of 448 multiple choice questions written by domain experts in biology, physics, and chemistry. We ensure that the questions are high-quality and extremely difficult: experts who have or are pursuing PhDs in the corresponding domains reach 65% accuracy (74% when discounting clear mistakes the experts identified in retrospect), while highly skilled non-expert validators only reach 34% accuracy, despite spending on average over 30 minutes with unrestricted access to the web (i.e., the questions are 'Google-proof').' Please be aware that you are likely to hear some eyebrow-raising claims that a generative AI is better than PhD-level graduate students across all domains because of particular scores on the GPQA test. It's a breathtakingly sweeping statement and misleadingly portrays the actual testing that is normally taking place. In short, any such proclamation should be taken with a humongous grain of salt. Ballparking The Questions Count Suppose we come up with our own handy-dandy test that has PhD-level questions. The test will have 600 questions in total. We will craft 600 questions pertaining to 6 domains, evenly so, and we'll go with the six domains of (1) physics, (2) chemistry, (3) biology, (4) geology, (5) astronomy, and (6) oceanography. That means we are going to have 100 questions in each discipline. For example, there will be 100 questions about physics. Are you comfortable that by asking a human being a set of 100 questions about physics that we will be able to ascertain the entire range and depth of their full knowledge and intellectual prowess in physics? I doubt it. You will certainly be able to gauge a semblance of their physics understanding. The odds are that with just 100 questions, you are only sampling their knowledge. Is that a large enough sampling, or should we be asking even more questions? Another consideration is that we are only asking questions regarding 6 domains. What about all the other domains? We haven't included any questions on meteorology, anthropology, economics, political science, archaeology, history, law, linguistics, etc. If we want to assess an AI such as the hoped-for AGI, we presumably need to cover every possible domain. We also need to have a sufficiently high count of questions per domain so that we are comfortable that our sampling is going deep and wide. Devising A Straw Man Count Go with me on a journey to come up with a straw man count. Our goal will be an order-of-magnitude estimate, rather than an exact number per se. We want to have a ballpark, so we'll know what the range of the ballpark is. We will begin the adventure by noting that the U.S. Library of Congress has an extensive set of subject headings, commonly known as the LCSH (Library of Congress Subject Headings). The LCSH was started in 1897 and has been updated and maintained since then. The LCSH is generally considered the most widely used subject vocabulary in the world. As an aside, some people favor the LCSH and some do not. There are heated debates about whether certain subject headings are warranted. There are acrimonious debates concerning the wording of some of the subject headings. On and on the discourse goes. I'm not going to wade into that quagmire here. The count of the LCSH as of April 2025 was 388,594 records in size. I am going to round that number to 400,000, for the sake of this ballpark discussion. We can quibble about that, along with quibbling whether all those subject headings are distinctive and usable, but I'm not taking that route for now. Suppose we came up with one question for each of the LCSH subject headings, such that whatever that domain or discipline consists of, we are going to ask one question about it. We would then have 400,000 questions ready to be asked. One question per realm doesn't seem sufficient. Consider these possibilities: If we pick the selection of having 10,000 questions per the LCSHs, we will need to come up with 4 billion questions. That's a lot of questions. But maybe only asking 10,000 questions isn't sufficient for each realm. We might go with 100,000 questions, which then brings the grand total to 40 billion questions. Gauging AGI Via Questions Does asking a potential AGI a billion or many billions of questions, i.e., 4B to 40B, that are equally varied across all 'known' domains, seem to be a sufficient range and depth of testing? Some critics will say that it is hogwash. You don't need to ask that many questions. It is vast overkill. You can use a much smaller number. If so, what's that number? And what is the justification for that proposed count? Would the number be on the order of many thousands or millions, if not in the billions? And don't try to duck the matter by saying that the count is somehow amorphous or altogether indeterminate. In the straw man case of billions, skeptics will say that you cannot possibly come up with a billion or more questions. It is logistically infeasible. Even if you could, you would never be able to assess the answers given to those questions. It would take forever to go through those billions of answers. And you need experts across all areas of human knowledge to judge whether the answers were right or wrong. A counterargument is that we could potentially use AI, an AI other than the being tested AGI, to aid in the endeavor. That too has upsides and downsides. I'll be covering that consideration in an upcoming post. Be on the watch. There are certainly a lot of issues to be considered and dealt with. The extraordinarily serious matter at hand is worthy of addressing these facets. Remember, we are focusing on how we will know that we've reached AGI. That's a monumental question. We should be prepared to ask enough questions that we can collectively and reasonably conclude that AGI has been attained. As Albert Einstein aptly put it: 'Learn from yesterday, live for today, hope for tomorrow. The important thing is not to stop questioning.'

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