Does Consumption Of Ultra-Processed Food Worsen Your Mood

NDTV

12-05-2025

In today's fast-paced lifestyle, instant noodles, packaged snacks, sugary cereals, and ready-to-eat meals offer convenience. But there's growing evidence that these ultra-processed foods (UPFs) might be taking a toll not just on our physical health, but our mental well-being too. Several studies, including those published by Harvard Health Publishing and the World Health Organisation (WHO), have linked high UPF consumption with an increased risk of depression, anxiety, and mood disorders. But how exactly do these foods affect our brain chemistry? And can replacing them improve our mood? Let's understand the connection between ultra-processed foods and your mental health.
What makes ultra-processed food harmful for mental health?
UPFs are heavily altered from their original state using additives, preservatives, sugars, and emulsifiers. They often lack fibre, essential nutrients, and antioxidants needed for brain health. According to researchers from the University of São Paulo, regular intake of UPFs may lead to neuroinflammation, disruption of gut microbiota, and unstable blood sugar, all factors associated with worsening mood and mental health.
1. UPFs disrupt gut health, which is linked to mood
The gut and brain are deeply connected via the gut-brain axis. UPFs, low in fibre and high in artificial additives, harm gut bacteria. A disturbed gut microbiome is associated with mood swings, irritability, and depression. A 2022 study in Psychiatry Research found people with diverse gut bacteria had fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression.
2. High sugar content causes emotional crashes
UPFs are often loaded with refined sugar, leading to quick spikes in blood sugar followed by crashes. This blood sugar rollercoaster can affect energy levels, increase irritability, and worsen depressive symptoms. According to the American Psychiatric Association, poor glycaemic control may intensify symptoms in individuals with mood disorders.
3. Trans fats and additives can lead to neuroinflammation
Many packaged foods contain trans fats and synthetic additives which may contribute to chronic low-grade inflammation in the brain. Inflammation is known to play a role in depression and anxiety. The British Journal of Psychiatry published a study linking diets high in processed food to a 58% increased risk of depression.
4. Lack of essential nutrients affects brain function
UPFs often lack omega-3 fatty acids, magnesium, zinc, and B-vitamins, key nutrients that support neurotransmitter function and emotional regulation. A nutrient-deficient diet has been associated with slower cognitive function and an increased risk of mood disturbances.
5. UPFs can create dependency-like behaviour
Studies show that ultra-processed foods may activate the brain's reward system similarly to addictive substances, leading to compulsive eating and dependency. This cycle of bingeing and guilt can damage self-esteem and increase the risk of emotional disorders over time.
Healthier swaps for better mood and energy
1. Replace packaged snacks with roasted chana, nuts, or fruit.
2. Opt for home-cooked meals using whole grains like millets, brown rice, or dalia.
3. Consume fermented foods (like curd, kanji, or idli) for gut health.
4. Add magnesium-rich leafy greens, bananas, and seeds to your diet.
5. Stay hydrated, sometimes fatigue or brain fog is linked to dehydration.
6. Limit caffeine and sugary beverages which can disrupt sleep and mood.
7. Try meal-prepping to avoid reaching for packaged options when tired.
While occasional consumption of processed food is not harmful, a diet dominated by ultra-processed foods can quietly affect your emotional balance. Building a mood-friendly diet rich in whole foods, fibre, and healthy fats can support better mental health. As research grows, one thing is clear, what you eat can have a powerful effect on how you feel.
Disclaimer: This content including advice provides generic information only. It is in no way a substitute for a qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist or your own doctor for more information. NDTV does not claim responsibility for this information.