New Mexico sues US air force over Pfas pollution from military base

The Guardian

10-07-2025

The state of New Mexico is suing the US air force over its refusal to comply with orders to address extremely high levels of Pfas pollution stemming from its base, which has tainted drinking water for tens of thousands of people, damaged crops and poisoned dairy cows.
Though the military acknowledges Pfas-laden firefighting foam from Cannon air force base is the source of a four mile chemical plume in the aquifer below Clovis, New Mexico, it has refused to comply with most state orders to address the issue.
The new lawsuit filed by the state's justice and environmental departments is the latest salvo in the seven-year battle over the pollution, and comes after changes to state law that strengthened New Mexico's legal position.
The air force's inaction has forced state taxpayers to shoulder the cost, and the plume has 'become a ward of the state', said James Kenney, secretary of the New Mexico environment department.
'They've managed to litigate against the state, they've allowed the plume to go unchecked, and in the mind of the state and much of the community, they've done nothing of substance,' Kenney added.
Pfas are a class of about 15,000 compounds most frequently used to make products water-, stain- and grease-resistant. They have been linked to cancer, birth defects, decreased immunity, high cholesterol, kidney disease and a range of other serious health problems. They are dubbed 'forever chemicals' because they do not naturally break down in the environment.
Pfas are a common ingredient in firefighting foam, and the military is in the process of phasing it out because the highly toxic substance has widely contaminated water and the environment around over 700 bases nationwide.
In 2018, Cannon's Pfas was found to have poisoned drinking water for over 100 private wells, and has so far taken out one municipal well that serves Clovis, a city of 40,000 people. Levels found in surface water were about 27,000 times higher than US Environmental Protection Agency drinking water limits.
The pollution also continues to contaminate thousands of acres of crops that rely on the aquifer for water, raising questions about the safety of those products. Local dairy farmers in 2018 were forced to euthanize about 3,500 cows that had contaminated milk.
In August, another 7,000 gallons of Pfas-contaminated wastewater leaked from an air force pond into groundwater, but the air force has refused to pay a $70,000 state fine.
The air force in a statement told the Guardian it does not comment on active litigation.
In 2019, New Mexico issued a corrective action permit that stipulated how it should remediate the plume. The air force then sued New Mexico in federal court, alleging that the Pfas foam is not a hazardous substance, and the state lacked the authority to make the order. That awaits an opinion from a federal court.
The New Mexico legislature designated the Pfas-laden foam as a hazardous substance under state law in response. The new suit, in state court, asks a judge to order the air force to provide water treatment systems to affected residents, or connect those whose wells are contaminated to municipal sources. It also calls for pollution controls around the base and compensation for those whose property has been affected, among other measures.
The nation's hazardous waste laws allow states to establish requirements for substances like Pfas and firefighting foam. The US Department of Justice and the air force's refusal to clean up the waste is essentially 'flipping the bird' at US law, Kenney said.
The air force has provided filtration systems for some homes with the highest levels of Pfas, but it has not maintained the systems, nor has it provided any for agriculture. The military has not gone far enough, Kenney said.
'If they contaminated people's drinking and agricultural water … and they're litigating instead of remediating, then we can't sit back and say they're doing the right thing,' Kenney added.
Cannon is not isolated, and the air force has received criticism for slow responses to pollution around the country. After years of resisting orders to address Pfas from a base in Tucson, Arizona, that threatened the city's drinking water, the air force late last year agreed to fund new filtration systems.
Congress has made around $3bn of funding available annually for Pfas remediation at military bases, but the air force often still 'slow rolls' the work, said Jared Hayes, senior policy analyst with the Environmental Working Group nonprofit, which tracks military Pfas pollution. He noted the air force's remedial investigation of the New Mexico plume is not due until the end of 2026.
'We've seen similar situations across the country where the air force is generally dragging its feet when it comes to cleaning up Pfas pollution,' Hayes said. 'Communities in New Hampshire, Michigan, Arizona, New Mexico are waiting and waiting for cleanup, but it's still a long way off.'