Brazil's former president Bolsonaro temporarily leaves house arrest for medical exams
Doctors at DF Star hospital said Bolsonaro was admitted for evaluation of fever, cough, persistent gastroesophageal reflux and hiccups. Tests revealed residual signs of two recent pulmonary infections, as well as persistent esophagitis and gastritis. He was discharged later in the day and will continue treatment with medication.
He has been hospitalized multiple times since being stabbed at a campaign event before the 2018 presidential election. His most recent surgery was in April, for a bowel obstruction.
Bolsonaro is on trial at the Supreme Court over his alleged attempt to remain in power after losing the 2022 election to President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. A five-justice panel is expected to deliver verdicts and sentences on five counts against him between Sept. 2 and 12.
Bolsonaro denies any wrongdoing.
The far-right leader has been under house arrest since Aug. 5. Supreme Court Justice Alexandre de Moraes, who oversees the case, said Bolsonaro violated precautionary measures by spreading content through his three lawmaker sons.
A small group of fewer than 20 people gathered outside DF Star hospital Saturday, claiming Bolsonaro is a victim of political persecution. Some thanked U.S. President Donald Trump, who has called the prosecution a 'witch hunt' and linked his decision to impose a 50% tariff on Brazilian imports to Bolsonaro's legal troubles.
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Luís Rua contributed reporting in Brasilia.
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The Sun
2 hours ago
- The Sun
Bad breath, food cravings and and nine other subtle signs you are dehydrated as UK enjoys warm weather
HEADACHES, dizziness or simply feeling thirsty – we probably all think we know when we need to drink a bit more water. But there are more subtle signs of dehydration, and ignoring them could prove fatal. 6 Our bodies are about 60 per cent water, and we need six to eight glasses of fluid a day to stay healthy, says the NHS. But more than three-quarters of us don't drink even half of that. 'By the time we feel thirsty, we're already dehydrated,' says Dr Helen Wall, an NHS GP from The Oaks Family Practice in Bolton. 'We lose around one to two per cent of our body weight before we start to feel thirsty, which is around a litre of fluid. 'So, it's always better to pre-empt thirst.' While the effects are usually mild and short-lived, dehydration can kill. Dr Thuva Amuthan, an NHS GP and founder of Dr. Derme Skin Clinics, says: 'Severe dehydration increases the risk of urinary tract infections, kidney failure and stones. 'It can also lead to seizures, a coma and, in extreme cases, shock, potentially even leading to death.' While thirst is the most obvious, here are 11 more subtle symptoms of dehydration… Rosy cheeks During warm weather, everyone tends to be a bit more flushed, says Dr Wall. She goes on: 'But rosy cheeks can be a sign your body is struggling to regulate your temperature, which is what can happen when we're dehydrated. 'Everyone's had that overheating feeling, and red cheeks are a sign you should be consuming more fluids than you are.' Bad breath 6 'Saliva actually controls the bacteria in your mouth, so a side effect of being dehydrated is having a dry mouth,' Dr Wall explains. 'If your saliva production slows down, you'll get an unpleasant taste in your mouth because the bacteria aren't being controlled, and it can also start to smell bad. That's why people have 'morning breath' — they've become dehydrated overnight.' Clumsiness Keep bumping into tables or dropping your phone? You might need some water. Dr Amuthan says: 'Poor coordination can be a key sign of dehydration. The brain usually contains a lot of water. When we're dehydrated, its function is affected. You might find yourself being clumsier than normal or knocking things over. If that's you, it could be time to grab a drink.' Bad mood Most of us get a bit cranky when we're too hot — and that's backed by science. 'Studies have found that even mild dehydration can affect brain chemistry,' says Dr Wall. 'When you're dehydrated, blood volume drops, so less oxygen and glucose reach the brain. That can affect the part that's involved in emotional regulation. Irritability, anxiety-like feelings, brain fog and tiredness can all, in part, be down to being mildly dehydrated.' Dry skin 6 While it could be caused by eczema, harsh soaps or hormones, dehydration might be to blame for dry skin. Dr Wall says: 'This is something we look for in children particularly. If you pinch the skin and it stays up, doesn't bounce back straight away, takes time to return to its normal appearance or is really dry, that can be a sign of dehydration.' Leg cramps 6 'If you lose lots of fluid from your body and it can't cool down like it needs to', says Dr Wall, 'you can get heat exhaustion. It's to do with changes in electrolytes, including sodium and potassium, which can become unbalanced when you are lacking water.' Dr Amuthan adds: 'This can cause nerve signals to misfire, making muscles contract involuntarily into cramps or spasms, which can be painful.' To replace lost salts and combat cramps in hot weather, try electrolyte drinks. Food cravings 6 What do you crave on hot days? An ice lolly or ice cream? Or a big bag of crisps? 'This can be a sign of thirst,' says Dr Wall. 'Your liver uses a lot of water to release stored glucose so, when you're dehydrated, it might be struggling to do so. You might crave more sweet things, but sometimes people want salt because they're losing it in their sweat. This is a sign you're becoming dehydrated. Don't ignore it.' Memory loss Dehydration can even affect our concentration and short-term memory. Says Dr Wall: 'When we lose fluids, our hearts have to work harder to pump blood around our bodies to supply our cells with oxygen. 'That extra effort can cause palpitations and affect the pumping of oxygen to our brains so we get dizzy and more confused.' Constipation 6 If you struggle to go to the toilet when on holiday, you might blame it on the food. But constipation is actually another sign of dehydration. 'Our bowels need a good amount of fluid to move stools along,' says Dr Wall. 'Bowels can become quite sluggish, so it's important to drink plenty of fluids during warm weather to ensure you go as regularly as usual.' Dark urine When you go to the loo, your pee should be pale yellow. Any darker and you need more fluids. 'Dehydration is one of the most common causes of dark urine,' says Dr Amuthan. 'When you're well-hydrated, your kidneys produce dilute urine, which is usually pale yellow due to low concentrations of urochrome — a natural pigment that comes from breaking down haemoglobin. 'If you're dehydrated, your kidneys conserve water, which means less urine is produced and it's a darker colour. 'Ideally, it should be clear to pale yellow or straw-coloured.' Sunken eyes Don't blame tired-looking eyes just on late nights. 'There are lots of internal signs of dehydration, but sunken eyes is an external one,' says Dr Wall. 'If the space under your eyes is hollowed out or darker, it could be dehydration. 'Dry lips are also a sign you need more fluids, so check the mirror in hot weather to see if you're dehydrated.' Take fluids but don't overdo it STAY hydrated to ward off complications. Here, Dr Helen Wall describes some of the more serious conditions you can experience if your body lacks fluids . . . SEIZURES: In extreme cases, a lack of electrolytes, including magnesium and potassium, can lead to seizures when you're dehydrated. HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK: When the body becomes severely dehydrated, blood volume decreases – known as hypovolemia. This prevents the heart from pumping enough blood to meet the body's demands, which can result in organ damage or failure if untreated. UTIs: We need well-hydrated urine as it helps to flush bacteria out of the urinary tract. If mild dehydration goes on for long enough, it can cause inflammation and infection. BRAIN DAMAGE: Severe dehydration can cause irreversible changes in the brain. Brain tissue shrinks, even when we're mildly dehydrated, which is what causes headaches, and it can cause delirium and even brain damage when severe. KIDNEY DAMAGE: The kidneys need a lot of fluid to be able to do their job. Chronic dehydration causes them to work harder, which can lead to kidney stones and chronic kidney disease. IT'S important not to be scared into drinking too many fluids. The NHS suggests around two litres a day, and that's plenty. Overhydration can cause sickness, vomiting, headaches and, in serious cases, the brain can swell, which can lead to delirium, coma and death.
The Guardian
2 hours ago
- The Guardian
Milk, carbohydrates or a late-night pudding: what's the secret to eating for a good night's sleep?
Have a glass of warm milk. No, a cup of herbal tea. Eat carbs, but only the right carbs. Have fats, but not too much. Have a filling meal. No, not that filling. Eat early, but not too early or you'll get hungry again later. Ask the internet for advice on how to eat for a good night's sleep and you could lose a whole night trying to find a clear answer. But amid a global shortage of good sleep (48% of Australian adults report having at least two sleep-related problems), dietary habits are emerging as a key factor that can make the difference between refreshing rest and a night spent regretting every food choice you made in the previous 24 hours. Some of the most useful insights into the effect of timing, size and quality of meals on sleep come from studies of those who work through the night to keep our world running. At CQUniversity in Adelaide, research psychologist Dr Charlotte Gupta has been studying how different eating patterns affect shift workers' performance. Her most important piece of advice for a good night's sleep is to eat well before bedtime. 'We're not primed to be digesting food at night,' Gupta says. A meal eaten too close to sleep forces the body to focus energy and resources on digestion, when it should be resting and performing other tasks that take place while we rest. 'So it's likely to impact the quality of our sleep; we're more likely to wake up during the night, remember our dreams, not get that really restorative sleep,' she says. The ideal is to eat your last food at least two hours before going to sleep, which means no pre-sleep pecking at leftovers or midnight raid of the fridge for a spoonful of cold pudding. The size of that final meal can also make a difference. Ideally, we should be having a bigger meal in the middle of the day, when light exposure means our body is very much awake and primed for digestion, and a smaller meal in the evening. But not too small. 'We don't want it to be so small for dinner that you feel really hungry during the night, that your body's going to wake you up and want food,' Gupta says. On the question of what to eat for a good night's sleep, the answer is less clearcut, says exercise physiologist and nutritionist Dr Elizabeth Machan from the Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and the University of Sydney. 'We haven't got extensive research that has given us the perfect recipe for what the evening meal should be,' she says. There's some evidence that higher-fat meals are more filling, so in theory people will have more restful sleep, Machan says. But diets high in fat are also associated with shorter sleep duration. Similarly, despite the popular idea that eating carbs before bedtime is bad, some studies suggest having a meal higher in carbohydrate can actually help people get to sleep faster. 'I think a lot of people might avoid carbs in the evening, for instance, or they'll reduce their carb intake in the evening, and that's when they can become more food-seeking later in the night as a result,' she says. Machan says it's important to include vegetables in that evening meal to help slow the digestive process. 'Your gut's going to be exposed to those nutrients for longer, it'll have a better chance of absorbing them,' she says. 'So if you've got a meal that is lower energy, for instance, it's going to keep you full, you're not going to wake up in the middle of the night hungry.' There's a lot of interest in micronutrients such as the amino acid tryptophan, which the body can convert into the sleep hormone melatonin, and which is found in a range of foods including eggs, tofu, salmon, milk, turkey and some nuts and seeds. While some studies suggest increasing tryptophan intake might boost melatonin and improve sleep quality, Machan is more sceptical, arguing that light exposure is much more important in regulating melatonin. 'You're not going to make [melatonin] if you're sitting in light – it's a signal that we're not needing to go to sleep, that it's daytime,' she says. One of the challenges with exploring the link between diet and sleep is that it's a two-way street, says Dr Jen Walsh, director of the Centre for Sleep Science at the University of Western Australia. Studies connecting late meal times with poor sleep are measuring not necessarily sleep quality on one night, but over the last month. 'I think what it's telling us is that individuals who have poorer sleep are more likely to eat later in the evening.' While one way of looking at it is that eating later means poorer-quality sleep, another way of interpreting the data is that people who have poorer-quality sleep are more likely to eat later. 'It's potentially [the case] that people who eat later have worse health behaviours in general,' she says. Like so many other health stories, good sleep ultimately seems to come back to that same old chestnut of healthy diet, healthy lifestyle. 'I say that sleep impacts diet and it also impacts exercise, so really we need to be getting the sleep right, and it will get everything else right,' Walsh says.
Telegraph
2 hours ago
- Telegraph
‘Fat jabs left me so depressed it was like having The Deer Hunter theme on repeat in my head'
I can say without any doubt that I've never been depressed. So when I began using weight-loss injections three months ago it was a huge shock to find that rather than my usual unhappy-go-lucky self, I sensed something new. Something really bad. I was depressed and I could only assume it was a side effect of the drugs. Within a week of my first injection I felt a deep despair, seemingly from nowhere. Nothing had happened in my work or social life to trigger it. For a few days I searched for a cause, confused and concerned about where this blackness had come from. Suddenly, to an almost absurd, comical extent, existence seemed bleak and irredeemable. It was like having the theme tune to 1978's war drama The Deer Hunter playing in my head on repeat. After the initial shock, I had to somehow find a way to recognise this state for what it was: artificially induced – the mental equivalent of fake news. I have known lots of people with 'real' depression: the kind that keeps a person in bed for a week as if there were a weight tied to their body. The kind that waxes and wanes without reason, making it hard for those around them to empathise. I'd never known that feeling, yet here it was squatting on top of me day after day. Using weight-loss injections produced no other side effects. I have been sleeping well, I've not felt any nausea and I have undoubtedly lost weight, which was the whole point of this expensive experiment in the first place. Much of what has been written about the mental health impact of these treatments has been on either the positive effects of losing weight – improved self esteem – and how some who experience ADHD report a heightened sense of focus and concentration. Nowhere in the literature of the companies that make the treatments, or those who sell it, is there any suggestion that depression is a verifiable risk. Side effects are listed as nausea and vomiting, constipation, diarrhaea, reflux, headaches and fatigue. So much the same as a long stag weekend, rather than a continuous vigil at the edge of the abyss. The medications in question are known as 'glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists' (examples are semaglutide in Ozempic and Wegovy, and tirzepatide in Mounjaro). They were conceived as a treatment for diabetes and were later found to have beneficial effects fighting obesity. They may also help with cardiovascular disease and even neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's. They work by mimicking the effects of the hormone GLP-1, which helps regulate blood sugar levels and appetite. Dr Riccardo De Giorgi, Clinical Lecturer in General Adult Psychiatry at the University of Oxford is currently studying the effects of these drugs and admits that it is too soon to know if there is a possible link with depression, but suggests evidence points to a positive, rather negative, impact on mental health. 'The most recent studies available suggest that GLP-1 medications do not increase depressive symptoms or suicidality,' he says. 'These are based on drug trials where the patients were measured for depression 'scores' and psychological wellbeing, and they didn't show a negative effect overall. 'What happens if you are exposed to these drugs and you have a history of depressive episodes? In that regard, we don't have any evidence at all. There are now some more trials pending on depression, but it's very early days.' I asked around amongst friends and friends of friends (there are so many people using these treatments now that they aren't hard to find), and several reported very similar experiences to my own. One mentioned feeling 'oversensitive and on the verge of tears all the time'. Another said she felt so depressed and exhausted through emotional stress that she had to stop using it. She wanted to start using jabs again but was afraid of reliving her depression. A third said the worst days were 'shocking' but eventually she began to feel better – whether that was because the effects wore off or because she became more adept at coping she couldn't be sure. For me, the strangest feature of this self-inflicted ordeal was that I couldn't trust my emotions. It was like I was in my own matrix, where what I was experiencing felt real but was actually a simulation I had brought on myself – all while paying a monthly fee for the privilege. When something bothered me at work, there was no way to measure its real importance, which meant there was no reliable way to respond to it. How could I tell if a crisis at home was trivial, a total catastrophe or something in between? Thinking about the terrible state of Britain and the world suddenly felt deeply personal rather than an essential part of my job. Just hearing the first bars of a John Barry film score or recalling a random memory of my daughters set me off like Adele at an awards ceremony. I wondered if my new mood was connected to missing food, since I had become a one-meal a day person with no snacking. Maybe giving up eating for pleasure was getting me down? But while I love food like Keir Starmer loves free glasses, not even giving up crisps could make me feel this hopeless. The accepted routes for treating 'real' depression do not really apply to me since all I needed to do was stop the injections. I could hardly start taking anti-depressants to cope with the artificially induced depression brought on by other drugs. Therapy to treat it also seemed ridiculous, since it would be treating something that I had the power to stop. That was not a luxury afforded to those unlucky enough to experience the real thing. The therapists I asked about this were none the wiser, expressing confusion about how they might treat a patient who believed their depression had been triggered not by a pre-existing condition or circumstance, but by weight-loss injections. For me, feeling this way was my choice: a trade off for a thinner waist and a current drop of 1st 9lbs. Dr De Giorgi offered one explanation, yet admits that until he and others are able to conclude further research there is still no clinical evidence of a link between the drugs and depression. 'Some forms of depression are associated with high levels of inflammatory molecules, in which case the anti-inflammatory effects of GLP-1 medications would be helpful,' he explains. 'For other people, who are less prone to inflammation, the drugs might upset the balance in the body that is already in a sweet spot, so the drugs mean you have 'too little inflammation'. A degree of healthy inflammation is needed for the normal upkeep of brain cells. GLP-1 medications seem to be able to enter the brain, so we shouldn't be surprised if we find there are other implications such as mental effects.' Even if a link was ever proven, which is not likely as things stand, it's hardly going to provide much comfort. Most recently, the icing on this doom-laden cake – the kind a goth would get for his birthday at a Dracula festival in Whitby – was that I began to have nightmares. A mixture of Franz Kafka's brand of horror and Stephen King's It, they were like video nasties in which the lead character shouts: 'This isn't real!' and tries to wake themselves up. After a couple of these, I had to set a deadline to get myself off this stuff. No chiselled jawline is worth this. Kate Moss once famously said: 'Nothing tastes as good as skinny feels', but, for me, it was a case of nothing feels as bad as skinny tastes.
