
Hunters who have eaten game from Holloman Lake warned after record-high PFAS levels found
The advisory came after the state Environment Department released a report earlier this month that found that some samples of plants and animals near Holloman Lake, located near White Sands National Park and Holloman Air Force Base, contained what may be the highest recorded levels of plant or animal contamination from the "forever chemicals" in the world.
'The levels of PFAS contamination in Holloman Lake are deeply concerning, particularly for hunters who may have consumed waterfowl from the area over the past decade,' Miranda Durham, the health department's medical director, said in a statement. 'PFAS exposure has been linked to serious health problems, and we encourage anyone who has consumed game from this region and has concerns to talk to their healthcare provider.'
A sample from the liver of a Merriam's kangaroo rat clocked PFAS concentrations at 120,000 nanograms per gram; a salt cedar sample was at 30,000 nanograms per gram. Both are thought to be record-breaking concentrations in wildlife and plants, respectively.
Other samples of local plants and animals ranged from 10,000 nanograms per gram to 120,000 nanograms per gram.
But what could that mean for living things around the lake?
PFAS report
The study found symptoms that could be related to PFAS contamination in nearby wildlife, including high rates of ulcers and abnormal growths in some small mammals and a failure to hatch.
Even a gram of duck meat — less than a bite size — from Holloman Lake included more PFAS than is recommended for a lifetime exposure to the chemical group for humans, according to a February 2024 University of New Mexico report.
The land was acquired by Holloman Air Force Base in 1996 as a wastewater evaporation pond, wrote spokesperson Denise Ottaviano in an email to The New Mexican. The Defense Authorization Act of 1996 required that the area remain open to the public, although recreation in the water is prohibited.
Hunting has been off-limits at the lake since 2019. That decision was made "out of an abundance of caution" and due to the presence of contaminants at the lake, Ottaviano wrote.
The Air Force is currently going through the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability process to investigate contamination from firefighting foam that "may be associated with Holloman AFB mission activities," Ottaviano wrote.
In 2022, the Air Force entered the remedial investigation phase, which will include an assessment of risks to human health and the local ecology.
"The DAF has expended $2.9 million on the PFAS investigation at Holloman AFB to date and will continue to advance the remedial investigation ..." Ottaviano wrote. "Once RI is complete, and if unacceptable risks are identified in the RI
PFAS are a group of chemicals known for their aversion to breaking down in the environment. Used for everything from nonstick pans and weatherproofing materials to firefighting foam, the chemicals have been linked to an array of health conditions including increased risk of kidney and testicular cancer, increased cholesterol and reduced birth weight.
Chelsea Langer, acting bureau chief for the health department's Environmental Health Epidemiology Bureau, said she hasn't seen a direct study looking at how eating PFAS-contaminated meat may affect the human body.
But she said people who are concerned should speak with their doctor or potentially get a blood test to measure the levels of PFAS in their blood. The PFAS found around Holloman are long-chain PFAS, which are more persistent in the environment and take longer to degrade, Langer said. They have some of those same qualities in the human body, increasing the health risks.
There's currently no approved treatment to remove PFAS from the human body. But knowing risk factors can help people monitor for diseases associated with exposure to the chemical.
"If you get a blood test and your results are low, then I would find that reassuring. ... Most everybody has some small level of PFAS in their bodies, because they are ubiquitous," Langer said. "If there are higher levels of PFAS, then that would be an indication for you and your doctor to monitor more carefully for cholesterol or for kidney and testicular cancer ... and just hopefully catch those early."
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The MAHA singles them out for further study and possible restrictions, but the EPA has delayed safety studies for both. The US is even moving backward on pollutants like mercury and lead, for which the scientific evidence of their harms is undisputed. They are toxins that regulators have actually taken steps over the decades to reduce exposure, through banning the use of lead paint, strictly limiting mercury levels, etc. Yet over the past few months, the EPA has moved to grant exemptions to coal power plants and chemical manufacturers that would allow more mercury pollution, while cutting monitoring for lead exposures. This is a long list of apparent contradictions and we're barely six months into Trump's term. How long can the contradictions pile up without Kennedy challenging Zeldin directly? We reached out to the Health and Human Services Department to see if we could get Kennedy's perspective on any of this. In response, an agency spokesperson sent a written statement: 'Secretary Kennedy and HHS are committed to investigating any potential root causes of the chronic disease epidemic, including environmental factors and toxic chemicals,' an HHS spokesperson wrote. 'The Secretary continues to engage with federal partners, including the EPA, to ensure that federal actions align with the latest gold standard science and the public health priorities identified in the MAHA report.' But as the EPA continues to roll back environmental protections despite the reassurances that the administration is aligned on MAHA, Kennedy's constituents are growing impatient. 'Our children's lives and futures are non-negotiables, and claims from the industry of 'safe' levels of exposure ignore the impacts of cumulative exposure and the reality of serious, evidence-backed risks,' the MAHA movement's recent letter says. 'The industry's call for delay or inaction is completely unacceptable — immediate and decisive action is needed now and is long overdue.' Why isn't RFK Jr. standing up to the EPA? The conflict between the two agencies' agendas has been striking: The EPA, under Zeldin, is allied with the industries it regulates and plans to deregulate as much as possible. HHS, on the other hand, is focused on its vision of making the environment safer in order to improve people's health — a goal that will inevitably require more regulations that require companies to restrict their use of certain compounds that prove to be dangerous to human health. Trump himself has said the two sides are going to have to work together and figure things out, Honeycutt noted — words that she is taking to heart for now. And the movement's leaders recognize that they are now in the business not of outside agitation but of working within the system to try to change it. 'We're not always going to be happy,' Honeycutt said. But Kennedy may be playing the weaker hand: Zeldin and his agency hold obvious advantages, and in a fight between HHS and EPA, EPA will likely win — unless, perhaps, Trump himself steps in. The biggest reason is a matter of authority: The EPA has the responsibility to regulate pollution, while Kennedy's HHS does not. The federal health agency can offer funding to state and local health departments to advance its policy goals, but it has effectively no regulatory authority when it comes to the dangerous substances identified in the MAHA report's section on chemical toxins. The EPA, on the other hand, has broad discretion to regulate the chemicals that industries pump into the American environment — or not. Environmental Protection Agency administrator Lee Zeldin speaks, as he tours a steel plant in South Carolina in May. Kevin Lamarque/AFP via Getty Images The difference between the leadership at the two agencies is also stark: Kennedy is a former lifelong Democrat who has never held a government position; Zeldin is a seasoned GOP operator who served four terms in the US House. Kennedy has brought in an assortment of unconventional personnel at HHS, many with skepticism about mainstream science and who are viewed dubiously by the industries they oversee. At the EPA, representatives of long-entrenched polluting interests have commandeered powerful positions: Nancy Beck, a former scientist at the American Chemistry Council, the chemical manufacturing industry's trade association, for example, is now holding the position overseeing chemical safety and pollution prevention. The perception within the industry, according to insiders who spoke with Vox, is that Kennedy is, well, a lightweight. 'From the perspective of the polluter takeover of EPA, Kennedy is largely seen as inconsequential and ineffective. He's playing wiffle ball,' Symons said. 'Kennedy talks a good game, but watch carefully what's happening at EPA and all the favors being given to corporate polluters that are going to do far more damage than anything.' 'The food we eat, the water we drink, and the air we breathe are going to get more toxic and more dangerous because of what's happening in EPA,' Symons told Vox. When it comes to jockeying for influence, Zeldin also enjoys more powerful friends in the Republican Party. He has relationships with conservative politicians and advocacy groups across the nation. Almost all of the Republican state attorneys general, for example, are motivated to roll back environmental regulations because it's compatible with their priorities in their respective states. 'A lot of this is being driven by polluter states, red states with Republican attorneys general,' Symons said. And, as evidenced by the pesticide liability relief legislation in Congress that prompted MAHA's letter to Kennedy and Zeldin, Republicans in the House and Senate remain much more allied with corporate interests — an alliance that has stood for decades — than with the public health movement that has only recently been brought inside the broader Make America Great Again coalition. It is a bitter irony for a movement that has often called out corporate influence and corruption for the government's failures to protect public health. The White House's own MAHA report cites the influence of big businesses to explain why the chronic disease crisis has grown so dire; in particular, the report says, 'as a result of this influence, the regulatory environment surrounding the chemical industry may reflect a consideration of its interests.' MAHA's leaders aren't running for the hills yet; Honeycutt said she urges her members not to vilify Kennedy or Trump for failing to make progress on certain issues. But they sense they're losing control of the agenda on the environment, forcing difficult questions onto the movement just a few months after it attained serious power in Washington. 'As for MAHA organizations, they must decide whether they are to become appendages of the Republican party, or coalesce into an effective, independent political force,' Charles Eisenstein, a wellness author who was a senior adviser to Kennedy's presidential campaign, wrote for Children's Health Defense, a once-fringe group with ties to Kennedy. 'To do that, the movement must hold Republicans accountable for undermining public health with policies like liability shields. It must not sacrifice its core priorities to curry short-term favor with the Republican establishment.' The MAHA movement is made up of concerned parents and others focused on childen's health. Oliver Contreras/AFP via Getty Images The MAHA-MAGA political alliance is new and tenuous — many MAHA followers voted for President Barack Obama, Eisenstein points out — and it may not be permanent. And some fractures are already apparent: Honeycutt, the leader of Moms Across America and a signer of the MAHA movement's letter to Kennedy, told Vox that her own members have told her directly that they are considering voting for Democrats in the next election. Even as she urges MAHA to keep the faith, Honeycutt said that Republicans risk alienating this enthusiastic part of their coalition by going hog wild on environmental deregulation. Her group is in the process of pulling together a legislative scorecard to hold lawmakers to account. 'There could be dire consequences for the midterm elections, if they don't realize,' she said. 'We don't care if you're a Republican or Democrat. 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2 days ago
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