Europe Unleashes Long-Forgotten Ocean Energy Source as 200-Year-Old Legend Sparks a New Green Power Revolution

Sustainability Times

13-06-2025

IN A NUTSHELL 🌊 Europe is at the forefront of turning the ocean's thermal energy into a viable power source.
into a viable power source. 💡 The concept of ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) was first proposed in 1881 by French physicist Jacques-Arsène d'Arsonval.
was first proposed in 1881 by French physicist Jacques-Arsène d'Arsonval. 🌍 OTEC technology is particularly beneficial for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) , offering sustainable energy and water solutions.
, offering sustainable energy and water solutions. 📈 With technological advancements, Europe and Japan are scaling up OTEC projects, potentially making it a cost-effective energy source.
The dream of harnessing ocean energy has been a lingering idea for nearly two centuries. Initially proposed by visionaries, the concept of utilizing the ocean's thermal differences to generate electricity was long considered an unattainable goal. Today, however, this dream is becoming a reality, with Europe leading the charge in tapping the ocean's hidden energy reserves. By turning age-old aspirations into modern innovations, Europe is not only embracing cleaner energy but also paving the way for a sustainable future. This breakthrough marks a pivotal moment in the pursuit of renewable energy sources, setting the stage for global adoption. Contemplated Long Ago but Brought to Reality Now
In 1881, the French physicist Jacques-Arsène d'Arsonval introduced the concept of ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC). He recognized the immense potential stored within the oceans, particularly the temperature difference between the warm surface waters and the colder depths. This temperature gradient, he proposed, could be harnessed to power turbines and generate electricity. Unfortunately, the idea was far ahead of its time, facing numerous challenges such as prohibitive costs and engineering hurdles, which stalled its early adoption.
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Fast forward to today, and OTEC is experiencing a resurgence, largely attributed to advancements in technology and a heightened focus on combating climate change. Notably, Global OTEC, a UK-based startup, is spearheading efforts to commercialize this technology. By 2025, they plan to launch the first-ever commercial-scale floating OTEC platform, named Dominique, in São Tomé and Príncipe. This platform aims to exploit the temperature gradient between surface-level water, around 79°F, and deeper ocean currents, approximately 39°F. Through a closed-cycle system, this gradient will vaporize a low-boiling-point fluid, such as ammonia, to drive turbines, eventually condensing back into liquid form with cold seawater. This cycle of vaporization and condensation generates power.
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The principle of OTEC holds significant appeal for Small Island Developing States (SIDS), including São Tomé and Príncipe, the Turks and Caicos Islands, and Mauritius. These regions stand to benefit immensely from reduced reliance on diesel power and increased access to sustainable energy solutions. OTEC offers several advantages, such as enabling the production of green hydrogen through electrolysis powered by renewable electricity. It also facilitates the production of desalinated drinking water and utilizes cold seawater for air conditioning and refrigeration, enhancing both energy efficiency and water security.
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In addition to Europe, Japan is making strides in OTEC development, with plans to expand a 100-kW OTEC demonstration in Okinawa Prefecture to a 1-MW plant by 2026. These initiatives reflect the global momentum behind OTEC technology. Studies suggest that larger-scale OTEC plants could deliver electricity at $0.05 per kWh, comparable to other clean energy sources, thus emphasizing its economic viability. The Ocean as an Energy Source: The Myth Turned Real
For many years, the ocean's energy potential was acknowledged but not fully embraced due to technological constraints. The realization that the ocean can generate power independent of weather conditions is now gaining traction, providing additional benefits like enhanced water security. Europe's proactive stance in promoting OTEC technology underscores its leadership role in the global push for renewable energy. By transforming a vision from 1881 into a tangible reality, Europe is demonstrating how past scientific curiosity can be channeled into present-day innovations aimed at creating a sustainable future, one wave current at a time. The Road Ahead for Ocean Energy
As Europe and other regions continue to invest in ocean energy, the potential for a cleaner, greener future becomes increasingly feasible. OTEC technology not only offers an innovative approach to energy generation but also provides solutions to pressing issues like water scarcity and environmental degradation. The successful implementation of OTEC projects could inspire other nations to adopt similar strategies, fostering a global shift towards sustainable energy practices. The question now is: how can we further accelerate the adoption of ocean thermal energy conversion and ensure its benefits reach even the most remote corners of the world?
Our author used artificial intelligence to enhance this article.
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