logo
How one American inventor unknowingly unleashed two of the planet's greatest environmental disasters

How one American inventor unknowingly unleashed two of the planet's greatest environmental disasters

Economic Times10-05-2025

Thomas Midgley Jr., once hailed as a genius, invented two revolutionary solutions—leaded gasoline and CFCs—that unknowingly became environmental disasters.
In the annals of invention, few names echo with such tragic irony as that of Thomas Midgley Jr. Hailed in his lifetime as a chemical wizard who solved the mechanical ailments of a rapidly modernizing world, Midgley's innovations were initially celebrated as miraculous breakthroughs. Yet in the cold clarity of hindsight, his inventions are seen as environmental catastrophes of epic scale — twin disasters that humanity is still struggling to undo. One soot-blackened, gasping century after he stood before journalists in 1924, grinning as he poured a lethal chemical over his hands and inhaled its toxic fumes to prove a point, the damage is still unfolding.
Midgley didn't just change the world — he unintentionally poisoned it. It was a time of boundless belief in science. The United States was roaring through the 1920s, driven by the promise of machines, speed, and petroleum. In this high-octane climate, Midgley — a chemical engineer working for General Motors — was tasked with fixing a problem that threatened the future of automobiles: engine knock. After testing thousands of substances, Midgley struck upon tetraethyl lead, a compound that silenced the problem and gave birth to 'Ethyl' gasoline. At a press event, he theatrically doused his hands in the compound and inhaled its fumes to allay public fears. But soon after, he himself would fall ill. The irony? He was already poisoned, and so was the world.
Despite the already known dangers of lead, which can severely impair cognitive development — particularly in children — the product was a commercial success. It powered cars and economies. It also contaminated soil, poisoned air, and irreparably harmed generations. The World Health Organization still estimates that a million people die each year from lead poisoning, long after the compound's use was banned in most countries.
Having seemingly solved one global dilemma, Midgley turned to another: how to replace the toxic and flammable gases then used in refrigeration and air conditioning. Again, he succeeded — and again, the consequences would prove catastrophic. In 1930, Midgley introduced Freon, the first chlorofluorocarbon (CFC). Marketed as safe and efficient, Freon transformed daily life. Air conditioning became accessible. Spray cans became ubiquitous. But the molecule's stability — once its greatest virtue — was its deadliest flaw. CFCs rose into the stratosphere, where they began to eat away at the ozone layer, Earth's natural sunscreen.
It wasn't until the 1970s, decades after Midgley's death, that scientists realized what had happened. A hole in the ozone layer had opened above Antarctica, threatening all life with heightened UV exposure. The global response was swift — by 1987, the Montreal Protocol aimed to phase out CFCs. Even so, scientists estimate it will take another 40 to 50 years before the ozone layer fully recovers.
Leaded gasoline, despite its known risks, was not fully phased out globally until 2021. Its final holdout, Algeria, continued sales into the 21st century. And even now, aviation fuels still contain lead additives. A 2022 study found that half of all Americans alive today may have been exposed to dangerous levels of lead as children — a staggering public health legacy tied back to Midgley's 'miracle fuel.' In both cases — Ethyl and Freon — Midgley was hailed as a savior, awarded medals, lauded in scientific journals, and immortalized by institutions. But his tale did not have a heroic end. Stricken by polio in 1940, Midgley became severely disabled. Ever the inventor, he designed a contraption of pulleys and ropes to help him move independently between his bed and a wheelchair. But on November 2, 1944, he became fatally entangled in his own device. Officially ruled a suicide by some, his death has long been shrouded in tragic symbolism — a man strangled by his own creation.
According to a report from CNN , some historians including Radford University's Bill Kovarik, Midgley may have been haunted by guilt in his final years. 'He had a tremendous sense of guilt,' said Kovarik. 'The lead poisoning could have contributed to his psychosis.' Today, it's tempting to paint Midgley as the villain — the man who, more than anyone else, broke the sky and poisoned the air. But historians warn against such simplification. He was, they argue, a cog in the great industrial machinery of the 20th century — a man responding to the demands of corporate giants like GM and DuPont, within a society intoxicated by progress.
'Had it not been Midgley, I'm sure it would have been somebody else,' said historian Gerald Markowitz according to CNN . 'He was just an employee.' Indeed, his story is not just about one man's fatal brilliance. It is a cautionary tale about the blind pursuit of innovation, the arrogance of unchecked industry, and the long shadow of scientific oversight. It is about how the very notion of 'progress' was once considered an unquestioned good — even when it poisoned the Earth in the process. Today, as we stand beneath a slowly healing ozone layer and breathe in a world still contaminated by lead, Midgley's story remains both a haunting warning and a call to humility. Science can illuminate, but it can also blind. Invention can uplift, but it can also entangle. Midgley didn't live to see the damage unfold. But his tale is far from over. It lingers in the air we breathe, in the soil beneath our cities, and in the sky above our heads — a legacy both invisible and inescapable. And perhaps, just perhaps, in remembering him, we can remember the cost of forgetting caution.

Orange background

Try Our AI Features

Explore what Daily8 AI can do for you:

Comments

No comments yet...

Related Articles

Beyond Blockages: Structural Heart Disease and the Rise of Minimally Invasive Solutions
Beyond Blockages: Structural Heart Disease and the Rise of Minimally Invasive Solutions

News18

time34 minutes ago

  • News18

Beyond Blockages: Structural Heart Disease and the Rise of Minimally Invasive Solutions

Last Updated: A common example of structural heart disease is aortic valve stenosis, especially in patients over 60 years old. Heart disease is often associated with blocked arteries and heart attacks, but there's another lesser-known category of heart conditions that demands attention: structural heart disease. While coronary artery disease is defined by the narrowing or blockage of arteries that nourish the heart muscle, structural heart disease refers to abnormalities or defects in the heart's valves, walls, muscles, or chambers. These can be congenital—present from birth—or acquired over time due to aging, infections such as rheumatic fever, or degenerative changes. A common example of structural heart disease is aortic valve stenosis, especially in patients over 60 years old. This occurs when calcium deposits restrict and stiffen the aortic valve, making it harder for the heart to pump blood efficiently. Another congenital condition is the bicuspid aortic valve, where the valve has only two cusps instead of the usual three, leading to accelerated wear and valve failure, often in younger adults. Dr. Yugal Mishra, Chief of Clinical Services, Chairman of the Manipal Institute of Cardiac Sciences, and Chief Cardiovascular Surgeon at Manipal Hospital, Dwarka, New Delhi, shares everything you need to know: New symptoms of structural heart disease can include difficulty breathing, fatigue during everyday activities, chest discomfort, irregular heartbeats, or swelling in the limbs or abdomen. These may signal that the heart's valves or chambers are not functioning properly and require immediate medical attention. Surgical options such as valve repair or replacement remain effective, particularly in younger patients or those with minimal comorbidities. However, less invasive options have revolutionized care for older patients or those with additional kidney or lung complications. One such procedure is TAVR (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement), also known as TAVI. In this approach, a prosthetic valve is inserted via catheter through an artery, avoiding the need for open-heart surgery. This minimally invasive method is particularly beneficial for patients with severely compromised health, offering restored heart function, faster recovery, and improved quality of life. Advanced therapies like TAVR offer renewed hope for living a healthier, more fulfilling life. If you or a loved one is experiencing recurring cardiac symptoms, it is advisable to consult a cardiologist. Early detection and timely intervention can make all the difference. As highlighted by the World Health Organization, cardiovascular disease (CVD)—including heart attacks and strokes—remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Alarmingly, many of these deaths are premature, especially among individuals under 70. Aortic stenosis (AS) is a prime example of a condition that can progress silently until it becomes critical. To further improve outcomes, the SMART trial evaluated various valve types used in TAVR procedures, enhancing treatment protocols, safety, and long-term success rates. For India to meet the growing burden of heart disease, a multi-faceted healthcare approach—combining early diagnostics and innovative treatments like TAVI—is essential to transform cardiac care and improve patient outcomes. News lifestyle » health-and-fitness Beyond Blockages: Structural Heart Disease and the Rise of Minimally Invasive Solutions

6 common cancer types and symptoms to watch out for
6 common cancer types and symptoms to watch out for

Time of India

time7 hours ago

  • Time of India

6 common cancer types and symptoms to watch out for

Cancer is characterized by abnormal cell growth that may invade tissues or metastasize to other organs. It still ranks among the leading causes of death worldwide. The most commonly diagnosed cancers globally, based on the World Health Organization (WHO), are breast, lung, colorectal, prostate, stomach (gastric), and liver cancers. Signs only manifest after the condition has set in, a factor that makes early warning sign recognition, regular screening (mammogram, screening, colonoscopy, PSA testing), and medical assessment at the onset of persistent signs a necessity. Early detection can dramatically enhance survival. Let us take a look at some of the deadliest cancers worldwide and their symptoms to watch out for Breast cancer Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer globally, affecting both women and, rarely, men. It originates in breast tissue—typically the milk ducts or lobules—and is highly treatable if detected early through screening and awareness. Symptoms: Look for a new lump in the breast or armpit, nipple discharge, skin dimpling, or redness. Persistent breast pain or changes in size and shape can also signal potential malignancy. Lung cancer Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer deaths globally. It forms in lung tissues, usually due to smoking or prolonged exposure to toxic pollutants, but is also seen in non-smokers. by Taboola by Taboola Sponsored Links Sponsored Links Promoted Links Promoted Links You May Like Düsseldorf: GEERS sucht 700 Testhörer für Hörgeräte ohne Zuzahlung GEERS Undo Symptoms: One should seek immediate attention if there is a persistent cough, chest pain, hoarseness, coughing up blood, or shortness of breath. Fatigue, weight loss, or frequent respiratory infections may also signal potential lung cancer. Colorectal cancer Colorectal cancer arises in the colon or rectum, usually from precancerous polyps. It is the third most prevalent cancer worldwide and can be prevented or cured if detected early by routine screening. Symptoms: Look for blood in the stool, alteration in bowel movements, continuing abdominal pain or cramps, weakness, or unexpected weight loss. Continuing constipation or diarrhea can also indicate early colorectal problems. Prostate cancer Prostate cancer occurs in the prostate gland in men, usually later in life. It may be slow-growing, but it will be aggressive in some instances. Screenings are important regularly, particularly after age 50. Symptoms : Trouble urinating, weak flow of urine, blood in the urine or semen, and pain in the pelvis are symptoms. More progressed stages can produce bone pain or erectile dysfunction. Stomach (Gastric) cancer Cancer of the stomach develops in the lining of the stomach, frequently associated with long-term Helicobacter pylori infection, smoking, or dietary factors. It is more prevalent in East Asia, Eastern Europe, and South America. Symptoms : Indigestion, bloating after meals, nausea, abdominal pain, and unexplained loss of weight are typical. In advanced stages, vomiting blood or black stools can occur. Liver cancer Liver cancer most commonly begins as hepatocellular carcinoma and is frequently due to chronic infections with hepatitis B or C, alcoholism, or fatty liver disease. It occurs more commonly in Asia and Africa. Common symptoms: observe upper abdominal discomfort or bloating, jaundice (yellow eyes or skin), weight loss, weakness, and darkened urine. Loss of appetite and nausea can also be present. The importance of vigilance Many of these cancers develop silently, presenting symptoms only after the disease has progressed significantly, in the stages where there is no going back. This highlights the necessity of routine health checkups, timely screenings, and paying attention to persistent bodily changes. According to the WHO, early detection combined with effective treatment significantly increases the chances of survival. Recognizing the signs and acting on them promptly can save lives. When it comes to cancer, awareness isn't just power—it's protection. Learn to prioritize your health; it is the only wealth that matters. One step to a healthier you—join Times Health+ Yoga and feel the change

Average Indian's Daily Salt Intake Double WHO's Recommendation
Average Indian's Daily Salt Intake Double WHO's Recommendation

Time of India

time11 hours ago

  • Time of India

Average Indian's Daily Salt Intake Double WHO's Recommendation

New Delhi: Home-cooked meals continue to dominate the Indian diet, accounting for approximately 80% of total salt consumption. Cultural practices and culinary preferences, particularly in northern states, have driven the average daily salt intake to over 12 grams — more than double the recommended limit of less than 5 grams (about one teaspoon) per day, as advised by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Institute of Nutrition. This excessive intake escalates the risk of hypertension and related health complications. High salt consumption is a leading contributor to elevated blood pressure, increasing the likelihood of heart disease, stroke, and kidney disorders. Alarmingly, around 175,000 deaths annually in India are attributed to high salt intake, primarily due to its role in exacerbating hypertension. These issues were highlighted on Tuesday at a national workshop organised in collaboration with Resolve to Save Lives, aiming to address hypertension through healthier dietary habits and salt reduction strategies. Dr Ritika Samadar, chief clinical nutritionist at Max Healthcare, Saket, emphasised that 80% of salt intake originates from home-cooked dishes or additional table salt. Common items such as pickles, pappads, chutneys, salads and buttermilk significantly contribute to daily salt consumption. The remaining intake stems from restaurant meals, street food and packaged products, including snacks and ready-to-eat items. by Taboola by Taboola Sponsored Links Sponsored Links Promoted Links Promoted Links You May Like These Are The Rolls-Royce Of Hearing Aids (And Under $160) Top Trending News Today Learn More Undo Hidden salts in packaged goods like biscuits, sauces, condiments and snacks also play a substantial role in excessive sodium consumption. Dr Samadar debunked prevalent myths about different salt types, clarifying that pink salt, rock salt and sea salt contain sodium levels similar to regular white salt, with minimal mineral differences due to the small quantities typically consumed. She stressed the importance of using iodised salt to maintain optimal health. Dr Vijay Kher, chairman of Epitome Kidney and Urology Institute and Lions Hospital, highlighted the significance of early intervention. "If we start in early childhood, taste buds adapt to low-salt preferences, reducing the desire for excessive salty foods over a lifetime. Children don't require large amounts of salt, making early education crucial," he noted. Dr Kher emphasised the need for a multi-faceted approach, combining consumer education with structural interventions targeting food environments, involving govt bodies, regulatory authorities and the food industry. India has pledged to reduce average salt consumption by 30% by 2030, revising its earlier target of 2025 to align with the WHO's global NCD action plan. This commitment is part of the national multisectoral action plan for non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention and control. However, significant challenges remain, including the absence of a comprehensive national salt reduction strategy, weak regulatory frameworks, and low public awareness about excessive salt intake. Dr. Chandrakant Lahariya, founder director of the Foundation of People-Centric Health Systems, stressed the need for cultural shifts and greater awareness of hidden salt sources. He advocated for policy interventions such as front-of-package warning labels, which have proven effective in reducing the consumption of high-salt, high-fat and high-sugar products. "These labels not only assist consumers in making informed decisions but compel the manufacturers to produce relatively healthier alternatives," Dr Lahariya said. He also suggested exploring higher taxation on unhealthy food products and enforcing stringent advertising regulations, particularly for content targeting children.

DOWNLOAD THE APP

Get Started Now: Download the App

Ready to dive into the world of global news and events? Download our app today from your preferred app store and start exploring.
app-storeplay-store