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Could the next pope be African? Here's what we know

Could the next pope be African? Here's what we know

With the passing of Pope Francis, the Catholic Church faces one of its most pivotal moments in modern history, the election of a new pope. As the world mourns a deeply influential leader, attention now turns to the question of succession.
This time, speculation is growing around Africa. Home to over 250 million Catholics, the continent has become central to the Church's future. Its rapid growth in membership, combined with a strong presence in theological and moral leadership, makes Africa impossible for the Vatican to overlook.
A respected figure within the Vatican, Cardinal Peter Turkson has long been viewed as papabile (a potential pope). He has held several senior roles, including head of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development. He currently leads the Pontifical Academy of Sciences. Turkson is widely known for his commitment to social justice, climate advocacy, and promoting dialogue across faiths.
As Archbishop of Kinshasa, Cardinal Fridolin Ambongo is a prominent voice on political and human rights issues in the DRC. A Franciscan by order, he's known for his humility, service, and courage in standing up for the vulnerable. His values align closely with Pope Francis, especially defending the poor and marginalised.
Cardinal Okpaleke's journey has been marked by perseverance. Locals initially rejected his 2012 appointment to the Ahiara Diocese, but he responded with grace and patience. He was later appointed Bishop of Ekwulobia and eventually elevated to cardinal. Okpaleke's calm leadership style and quiet resilience have earned him growing respect across the Church.
Electing an African pope would be a landmark moment, not just for the continent, but for global Catholicism. While tradition and internal Church politics remain powerful forces in Rome, the centre of Catholic growth is clearly shifting.
With conversations unfolding rapidly on platforms like X and Instagram, more Catholics are asking: is it time for leadership that truly reflects the Church's global diversity?
Let us know by leaving a comment below or send a WhatsApp to 060 011 021 1.
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How Africa can foster sustainable diplomacy amidst global trade tensions
How Africa can foster sustainable diplomacy amidst global trade tensions

IOL News

timean hour ago

  • IOL News

How Africa can foster sustainable diplomacy amidst global trade tensions

Ashraf Patel The abrupt exit of Donald Trump from the G7 Summit in Canada, without having side meetings with Global South leaders from South Africa, India et al, and this week's NATO Summit where core nations committed to a 5% of GDP spending on Defence amidst Trump tariffs has cemented 'nationalism as the new normal.' Meanwhile, 9 July is a key date when Trump tariffs kick in and will further erode African nations - who face high costs of capital and many face social conflicts amidst multiple cost of living crises facing the continent. In this context, South Africa should develop a smart agile and sustainable diplomacy rooted in both national interest and continental solidarity. Traditional blocks and alliances are no longer viable for middle powers. It is thus imperative that South Africa needs to craft a more nuanced trade and investment-people partnership to address its sagging economy and deep-seated structural problems such as unemployment, inequality, hunger and digital deficits. The recent announcement by China to accept duty-free access for 53 African nations is a huge boost that can promote exports and preserve jobs - but trade facilitation and meeting product standards will be crucial to leverage these opportunities. Both China and India offer a market of hundreds of millions of consumers that African exporters can tap into. Russia and the St Petersburg Economic Forum In early June Deputy President attended the 28th St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (SPIEF) in Russia's second-largest city. This year's forum, "Shared Values: The Foundation of Growth in a Multipolar World attracted nearly 20,000 representatives from 140 countries and regions and heads of several international organizations. Russia has managed GDP growth and currency reserves despite sanctions and war and is the Gateway to Eurasia. This forum is held when the global economy is facing severe challenges. It is a platform for issues ranging from accelerating digitalization to addressing climate change and formulating specific, practical solutions that can adapt the global economy to new conditions. The forum included more than 150 events, with entrepreneurs from Russia, China, the United States, Türkiye, Brazil, Vietnam, India, Iran, the United Arab Emirates and Africa. Southern Africa, SACU and AFCFTA expansion Our Southern African region comprises over 300 million citizens with huge trade and development potential. AFCFTA has been operational for five years but trade is negligible. Trade facilitation capacity and product quality support are needed as well as tech transfer. As the G20 host nation South Africa needs a new trade and investment package rooted in SADC industrialisation and energy plans. Smart tariffs would be needed with SACU nations Lesotho, Swaziland and Botswana. However, South Africa Inc.'s story in Africa has been that of a 'regional hegemon exploiting the rest of Africa', especially in mining and retail. Can a new AFCFTA be possible? One rooted in fair trade, solidarity and the SDG model with smaller nations? Here responsible diplomacy is needed beyond rhetoric. France and its commitments to Multilateralism and SDGs agenda In the current geopolitical situation, France is ensuring multilateralism and UN norms are adhered to. President Macron's stated position on advancing the two-state solution for Palestine will go a long way in ensuring a peaceful settlement. The Paris AI Safety Summit in February with France committing to a progressive vision for AI rooted in sustainability, inclusion and addressing inequality is progressive and aligned to UN and G20 commitments. The annual Paris Peace Conference is a global platform providing the world with a plethora of progressive ideas -and solutions on a range of key global issues for dialogue. At a bilateral level, a visit to France in early June saw Deputy President Paul Mashile deepen partnerships in areas of investment, development infrastructure, energy and technology. Indonesia, Malaysia and the ASEAN bloc ASEAN nations Indonesia and Malaysia nations offer enormous opportunities. With a population of 250 million, this is a major opportunity in trade especially in small business developments, exports, tourism and culture. Canada and Australia - progressive Commonwealth nations with common values Canada and Australia are fellow Commonwealth nations that currently have progressive governments in power with a deep commitment to multilateralism. Australia's Labour leader and Prime Minister Albanese is an example of smart diplomacy and managing a 'strategic autonomy' balance with major powers in the Asia Pacific region, China and the EU. His domestic agenda is rooted in progressive social policies from climate change to social cohesion. For example, the smartphone ban in Australian schools is seen as a game-changer in regulating social media and youth, a policy Africans can learn from. Canada too has a range of commitments to development aid and investments in skills development across Africa. Both nations are major investors in mining in Africa and committed to the sustainable mining agenda, although much more can be done in terms of human rights and mining. Solidarity and Sustainability in Latin America In Colombia President Gustavo Petro has showed the way of solidarity and banned coal exports to Isreal. The city of Bogota is known to be a model city in terms of urban transport and spatial transformation, something South African metros can draw upon. Chile a progressive social democracy and once a poster child of Chicago-style neoliberalism, now has a solid social democracy increasing well-being and wealth social safety nets, and higher education access. Here South Africa can learn much on how to manage the headwinds of neoliberalism and ensure our eroding social agenda is preserved. Bolivia's socialist government is maturing and learning to be in government. South Africa has cordial relations for two decades. With large reserves in lithium and being in the headwinds of large power competition for resource extractions, South Africa and African nations can better engage Bolivia and Latin American nations in the big development ideas on resource governance and the beneficiation of critical minerals for development, trade and the UN SDG sustainable agenda. While Trump 2.0 tariffs have severely disrupted African nations, neighbours Canada and Mexico, we can learn from Cuba, who for decades have endured the illegal US blockade yet managed to maintain their sovereignty and continue to advance their historical mission and revolution. By contrast, our current tariff challenges are merely a 'walk in the park'. Hence, internationalism and solidarity should still be a core feature of foreign policy while also being smart in navigating partnerships with a diverse range of nations across continents regardless of ideological blocs. However, in order to navigate the 'new nationalist normal' in this chaotic trade geopolitics nexus calls for a new generation of smart and agile diplomats. Smart and sustainable diplomacy and outreach are required by our embassies, chambers of commerce as well as academic institutes and civil society towards a more calibrated trade, investment, solidarity and people-to-people partnerships. We may do well to establish Bi-National Commissions with some of these nations. * Ashraf Patel is a Senior Research Associate at the Institute for Global Dialogue, UNISA. ** The views expressed do not necessarily reflect the views of IOL, Independent Media or The African.

The why behind the surge in Christian fundamentalist hate against transgender people
The why behind the surge in Christian fundamentalist hate against transgender people

Daily Maverick

time2 hours ago

  • Daily Maverick

The why behind the surge in Christian fundamentalist hate against transgender people

Two researchers explain the disinformation tactics used by Christian fundamentalist groups to attack transgender and gender-diverse people. Christian fundamentalist organisations are tailoring deliberate anti-transgender messaging in South Africa and other African countries, framing 'gender ideology' as a form of attack on them. Why is this happening? The anti-transgender language is explicitly developed to deliver a message that transgender people are a threat to cisgender women's rights and safety, and to the family, and they disseminate that message to the public with pseudoscientific messaging. The disinformation is deliberate, designed to question the existence of transgender and gender-diverse people and justify discrimination against them. Dr Ingrid Lynch is an independent researcher and research fellow at Rhodes University with years of experience and published peer-reviewed papers about gender. In one of her reports, she notes that these groups primarily leverage religious fundamentalist narratives in two key ways: by positioning themselves as defenders of the ordained 'natural' or 'traditional' family. However, in South Africa, less than a third of families conform to this narrow two-cisgender heterosexual biological parent model. The notion of protecting the family, Lynch argues, is really about exclusion – about determining who does and does not deserve social and policy protections. 'Ultimately, this 'pro-family' messaging excludes most South African families and undermines any real support for their wellbeing,' says Lynch. Common entry points for fundamentalist groups have included opposition to comprehensive sexuality education (CSE), the rights of LGBTIQ persons and their families, and safe and legal abortion. But in recent years there has been a sharp increase in opposition to the rights of transgender and gender-diverse people, especially regarding access to gender-affirming healthcare. 'There are still people who have prejudiced ideas about homosexuality and gender diversity. But this Global North anti-trans rhetoric is not organic. It is fermented in countries like the US and UK and exported to African countries. It comes back to Christian nationalism and the far right. These movements promote a narrow vision of national identity tied to conservative religious values. 'There is a rigid idea of what a family should look like, which for so long was used against same-sex marriage and LGBTQI+ rights. That is being bolstered again to attack the rights of transgender and gender-diverse people. This very particular idea of what a family should look like, within that ideology, does not accommodate gender diversity. 'Because it is rooted in a very patriarchal system, we are seeing how the rights of not only trans women but also cisgender women are being eroded again. These groups cling to the patriarchal gender binary and the traditional view of women, often tied to white supremacist ideas about race and national identity. In the US you see it at political rallies where they talk about the great replacement theory – a conspiracy claiming that certain groups are being 'replaced' demographically – and pronatalism,' says Lynch. It is an absolute and violent reinforcement of the gender binary. Jenna-Lee de Beer-Procter, a clinical psychologist and researcher, who provides mental healthcare to transgender and gender-diverse people, says: 'Gender diversity unsettles the dominant order. In societies that are built around rigid ideas of gender, where cisgender identities are treated as natural and unchanging, the idea that gender might be fluid, self-determined or simply different is seen as threatening.' Children are not protected The typical response is 'we want to protect children' when gender-affirming care is withheld. Fundamentalist groups struggle to influence policy using straightforward religious rhetoric alone. Lynch explains that 'they undermine the rights of transgender people by targeting gender-affirming healthcare'. These groups often claim they protect the 'vulnerable' and advocate for 'exploratory psychotherapy', essentially a form of conversion therapy that has been discredited as unscientific and inhumane. 'They constantly invent new terms and distort research to justify denying transgender youth access to gender-affirming care. Pseudoscience has become one of their main tools,' says Lynch. 'If they genuinely cared about transgender and gender-diverse children, they would care about them not being discriminated against. And they would accept the fact that they exist. They want to delay care and withhold any affirmation in the hope that it will go away. This leaves a child with no support. Instead, focus on ensuring that transgender youth don't have to face bullying in schools, and on creating a sense of belonging and safety regardless of a child's gender identity. It is heartbreaking that this argument is used,' says Lynch. De Beer de Beer-Procter adds: 'The harm done is immense. When care is delayed, distress increases. When identity is doubted, trust breaks down. And when young people are forced to prove they are 'really' trans before being believed, they learn that support is conditional and that they must perform their pain in just the right way to be taken seriously. Many give up. Some are forced to seek care in unsafe or underground ways. Others simply learn to disappear. 'What gets called caution is often a refusal to see – or to listen. And while it may protect institutions or adults from feeling uncertain, it leaves trans youth alone in their pain. That's not protection. That's abandonment,' they say. Questioning gender-affirming care under the guise of 'concern' within a society which privileges cisgender people over transgender people is anything but neutral. Power is not distributed evenly when certain groups are afforded more visibility, legitimacy and safety than others – not always because they ask for it, but because systems have been built around their experiences and assumptions. Cisgender people occupy this dominant position. They are not asked to prove their identities, explain their pronouns or justify the healthcare they receive. Their gender is taken for granted as 'normal', 'natural' and the 'default'. Trans people, by contrast, are consistently positioned as questionable. De Beer de Beer-Procter explains: 'Our identities are scrutinised. Our access to care is debated. Our presence in schools, hospitals and public life is treated as controversial. In this context, so-called neutrality doesn't create balance – it reinforces stigma. And it sets back the hard-fought progress we've made in securing gender-affirming care, legal recognition and the basic right to exist without being treated as a problem to solve. What's more, the 'concern' being expressed is rarely based on accurate information. Gender-affirming care is routinely misrepresented as rushed, reckless or automatic – as though thousands of children are being hurried into life-altering decisions. 'But this is simply not true. In South Africa, access to gender-affirming care is already extremely limited. Public provision exists in only a handful of clinics, often with yearslong waiting lists. Only one public clinic in the entire country offers support to trans youth. In the private sector, trained endocrinologists, social workers and mental health professionals are few and far between – and the costs place them far out of reach for most families,' says De Beer-Procter. 'Feminists' to the rescue? Some so-called feminists are also claiming that their rights are in danger. Describing themselves as 'gender critical feminists', they don't support the rights of transgender people. Most notable is JK Rowling, with Helen Zille recently echoing similar talking points in a social media post. 'I don't call them feminists because there is nothing feminist about their views. By upholding deeply misogynistic beliefs, they become complicit in their own oppression,' says Lynch. 'They can't see how something like bathroom bans against trans women is going to hurt all women. Do we really want cisgender women to have to prove that they are 'feminine' enough to be recognised as women? Are we okay with the fact that these gender-critical groups want us to police all women, including cisgender women? They are not feminists, they are not recognising that this absolute attack on transgender women is enforcing patriarchal oppression.' Lynch stresses that protecting rights is not a competition. 'We can and should all fight for cisgender women's rights – in the workplace, in reproductive justice and to ensure safety.' She points out that globally the leading cause of physical and psychological harm to women is violence within their intimate partnerships. 'But this particular flavour of so-called feminism is rooted in whiteness, it is not intersectional. It overlooks the experiences of women facing multiple and overlapping forms of oppression, including those often marginalised within feminist spaces. They cannot see beyond their own privilege. If they could, they would look at the data and fight for the urgent issues affecting all women.' The evidence is there The claim that there's a 'lack of evidence' is one of the most common, and most misleading, arguments used to question gender-affirming care. De Beer-Procter explains: 'We have longitudinal studies, clinical audits, qualitative research and systematic reviews that all point to the same thing: gender-affirming care improves mental health outcomes, reduces distress and increases wellbeing – especially when it's timely, respectful and affirming. 'But no amount of evidence will ever feel like 'enough' to people who aren't actually looking for evidence. For many of the most vocal critics, the real issue isn't about data; it's about belief – that everyone is either male or female, that this is fixed at birth, and that it reflects some 'biological truth'. 'But that belief doesn't hold up to scrutiny. It's not supported by science, and it's certainly not reflective of lived reality. 'We've known for decades that sex and gender are far more complex than two boxes on a form. Intersex people exist. Trans and non-binary people exist. Cultures all over the world have recognised more than two genders for centuries, says De Beer-Procter. So, when anti-trans groups demand 'proof', what they're often doing is moving the goalposts. They dismiss rigorous studies for not being perfect. They discredit researchers for being too close to the communities they study. And they ignore the overwhelming consensus from major medical bodies around the world. Because what's actually being defended isn't science, it's a worldview. A belief that gender diversity is a deviation rather than a natural part of human variation, and one that fuels disinformation and fear across borders. DM

Unfinished Freedom: Africa's Long Walk Beyond the 1884 Berlin Conference:
Unfinished Freedom: Africa's Long Walk Beyond the 1884 Berlin Conference:

IOL News

time20 hours ago

  • IOL News

Unfinished Freedom: Africa's Long Walk Beyond the 1884 Berlin Conference:

Mphumzi Mdekazi is CEO of Walter and Albertina Sisulu for Social Justice, he writes in his personal capacity. Image: Supplied By Mphumzi Mdekazi On June 12, 2025, we gathered at Vaal University of Technology (VUT) not just to honour the towering legacy of Walter Sisulu, whose birthday was on May 18, 1912– a revolutionary, a father of our democracy, and a quiet architect of freedom—but the day was also used to reflect on the deeper, historical roots of the struggles that continue to shape our continent. Walter Sisulu believed, above all else, in the unity, dignity, and potential of African people, and he understood that true liberation would not come with the lowering of colonial flags, but with the dismantling of colonial logic—embedded in institutions, economies, and minds. It is for that reason that, partially, the fulcrum of his inaugural memorial lecture looked back—not to dwell—but to understand, so that we may act differently going forward. I would assume that, as we have gathered in the Vaal, we all knew that our problems as the African continent are located at the Berlin Conference of 1884. In 1884–85, in cold, chandelier-lit halls of imperial Europe, 14 European powers convened what is now known as the Berlin Conference—also called the Congo Conference. Not a single African was present. Yet the lives of millions would be irrevocably changed. There, the continent was carved up like a pie. Arbitrary borders drawn across ethnic groups, kingdoms, ecological zones and ancient trade routes. Entire civilizations dismembered. Africa was not seen as a place of peoples, cultures, or sovereignty, but as territory to be occupied, extracted, and exploited. This process was legitimized by the so-called principle of 'effective occupation,' which required European powers to demonstrate control over African territories to claim them. In truth, it was a license for conquest, enslavement, and cultural erasure. As Frantz Fanon warned us: 'Imperialism leaves behind germs of rot which we must clinically detect and remove not only from our land but from our minds as well.' The mid-20th century brought political decolonization. Flags were changed, anthems composed, and parliaments erected. But what did we really inherit? We inherited a map not made by us. States that were, in many cases, artificially constructed with no national consensus. We inherited economies wired to feed Europe's factories, not Africa's people, and tragically, we inherited elite classes—many of whom became, in the words of Amílcar Cabral, 'the transmission belt of foreign interests.' Yes, we achieved formal independence, which some were celebrating recently. But the substance of freedom remains unfinished. The promise of decolonization has produced mixed results. We have seen moments of triumph and excellence, indigenous innovation, Pan-African solidarity, democratic progress, but also the painful betrayal of liberation ideals, especially here at home in South Africa. The post-colonial African states have too often been caught between external manipulation and internal misleadership. Between structural adjustment and military coups. Between IMF dictates and elite capture. Today, we see new waves of defiance. The people of Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger, nations in the Sahel, are attempting to reimagine sovereignty in a world still structured against African independence. Their struggle is fraught. Attempts to build new political and economic models are met with sanctions, destabilization, and even covert efforts at regime change. Often, external forces act not alone but in collaboration with internal elites who fear change. I call these collaborators 'committed and helpless or hopeless slaves, who mistakenly believe that Africa's total liberation will come from a coloniser and our former oppressors'. The Sahel defiance is inspiring the youth, the majority of our continent, understandably so because these young Sahel leaders represent our real African liberation aspirations. These young people, born in the ashes of neoliberal broken promises, are reclaiming the right to shape their future. As Thomas Sankara once declared: 'We must dare to invent the future.' Our Continent needs economic Justice, not Charity or IMF Loans. Africa is not poor; it is impoverished. Through stolen resources, unjust trade, climate injustice, and debt traps, weare made to kneel before the same powers that once colonized us, a case in point is the recent oval meeting in the US, where voluntarily our rare earth minerals as a country were offered and donated without a request, with an apologetic anatomical posture to the Groot Baas. Today, African countries spend more on repaying interest than on investing in education or healthcare. As Julius Nyerere warned decades ago: 'They made us believe that development meant becoming more like them. But development should mean becoming more like ourselves.' We must now demand not aid, but restitution. Not charity, but economic justice in memory of Walter Sisulu. Walter Sisulu understood that liberation is a process, not a moment. He lived through a century of struggle, from the pass laws to the Robben Island cell, from exile to the birth of democracy, leading his family, which conservatively accounts for 59 years in prison combined, for committing no crime, but to demand equality and justice. Such a sacrifice must not be sacrificed for immediacy and silver or short-term myopic pliability. His life teaches us that freedom requires integrity, vigilance, sacrifice, and above all, solidarity across borders, ideologies, and generations. This calls for ethical leadership. As the Foundation that bears his and Mama Albertina's names, we recommit ourselves today to that Pan-African vision, a continent of self-reliant nations, accountable, ethical leadership, educated citizens, and just economies. We invite African thinkers, students, workers, women, elders, the downtrodden and especially the youth to carry forward this (Walter Sisulu's) legacy. To free the continent not only from external domination, but from internal betrayal, as this is a serious hazard towards the gains of our liberation. Let us look beyond Berlin, towards African Rebirth and Reawakening. Let Walter Sisulu serve as more than remembrance. Let it be a moment of reckoning and renewal. Once again, we must look beyond Berlin, beyond the maps we did not draw, beyond the narratives we did not write. It is time for a new African imagination. It is time to complete the freedom that Walter Sisulu and his generation began. As Africans, let us rise. Let us remember. Let us rebuild. Mphumzi Mdekazi is CEO of Walter & Albertina Sisulu for Social Justice, and he writes in his personal capacity.

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