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Irish Examiner
11-07-2025
- Health
- Irish Examiner
Paws for thought: How a furry friend can help your family's health
FERGUS SHANAHAN, founder of the APC Microbiome Ireland research centre in Cork, was intrigued when he came across a series of photographs of Irish Travellers in a 2016 National Geographic magazine. Looking at the striking portraits, he was struck by the number of animals living amidst the Traveller families. It gave him an idea for a new study. 'There were a lot of animals — dogs, cats, ferrets, and always horses,' he says. Shanahan decided to try to characterise the gut microbiomes of more than 100 Irish Travellers and compare them with those of people in Ireland, Britain, the US, and Canada living more modern lifestyles. When his study was published in 2020, the results jumped out. 'The Traveller microbiome was more akin to what you see from hunter-gatherer tribes in Tanzania or Mongolian horsemen than the rest of the Irish population,' he says. Prof Fergus Shanahan, Emeritus Professor of Medicine at University College Cork and founding Director of APC Microbiome Ireland, the SFI Research Centre at UCC. Shanahan noted that indigenous communities from other countries in the study also lived in close quarters with animals. As he dug deeper into the data, he found that this constant animal exposure seemed to play a key role in their unique microbiome characteristics, more so than other possible explanations, such as diet. The diversity of their gut microbiomes particularly captured his attention because while Irish Travellers often experience poor physical and mental health, one area — directly linked to gut microbiome diversity — where they fare better than the rest of the population is their immune health. 'I ran a clinic for inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis for many years. Based on population averages, I should have seen 40 to 50 Travellers over the years, and I never saw one.' While one explanation could be that Travellers are often nomadic and can be reluctant to engage with the conventional health system, Shanahan says that this is unlikely to be the full picture. In his view, the apparent lack of Travellers presenting with very serious inflammatory bowel conditions suggests that they probably have better gut health than the average Irish person. 'As a socially marginalised ethnic group, it makes sense that they may not get to the attention of a doctor for things like asthma or allergies or eczema but it must happen if you've got Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis,' he says. 'Those conditions present with bloody diarrhoea, the symptoms are quite dramatic, and it's life-threatening.' It seemed to Shanahan that the Traveller microbiome was protecting them against these chronic inflammatory diseases and, somehow, animals were responsible. Puppy power While the concept of having pets is largely a modern phenomenon, humans have been domesticating and coexisting alongside animals for tens of thousands of years, and a growing amount of research worldwide is increasingly suggesting that our immune system has evolved to expect to see the presence of microbes from dogs, cats, cows, or horses. As a result, some scientists now believe that regular exposure to these bacteria throughout life triggers the immune system to develop in ways that are beneficial for our health, preventing it from going awry, as in the case of many autoimmune diseases, and attacking our own tissues. While you are unlikely to acquire any permanent microbial residents directly from your pet, Shanahan believes that animals can help transfer gut bacteria between different human household members. This increases the diversity of the gut microbiome, making it more stable and better able to withstand harmful pathogens from flourishing. 'We know that dogs can do this,' he says. 'If you and I are living in the same house and we both pet the dog, that is a way of receiving and transmitting microbes from each other.' Due to the benefits for the gut microbiome, enabling children to grow up around pets from the earliest stages of life, and even before birth, is increasingly viewed as particularly helpful for their immune development. Last month, a major new study found that growing up alongside a pet dog reduces the risk of eczema in children who are genetically prone to the condition. Children in the Amish communities of North America have previously been found to have significantly lower rates of allergies and asthma as a consequence of living in close proximity to animals. Similar trends have been seen in children who live on farms in Central Europe. APC Microbiome Ireland (APC) SFI Research Centre PI Liam O'Mahony who is a Professor of Immunology at the Dept. of Medicine and School of Microbiology, University College Cork (UCC). 'There have been some cool studies of kids growing up on these traditional Austrian farms where the cows are in the basement at nighttime, and they don't get allergies,' says Liam O'Mahony, professor of immunology at APC Microbiome Ireland. 'And, again, it's that traditional farming, interacting with animals, that seems to be important. The kids who grow up on more modern farms with more machinery and less contact with animals are far less protected.' Jonathan Hourihane, professor of paediatrics at RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, points out that while pets are sometimes viewed as a potential source of allergies, this is much less likely to be the case if children are exposed to them within their first year of life. 'Exposure is generally now considered to be tolerising,' he says. 'The idea that you have to avoid something to prevent an allergy developing has been proven to be incorrect. We're meant to live with animals, and pets are part of normal family life. It's good for children's psychological and social health too.' Healthy outlook While caring for a pet can be expensive, it seems our furry companions can repay the investment in multiple unexpected ways. According to a new scientific review published earlier this year by psychologists in Australia, pet owners make fewer doctor visits per year. However, the evidence for whether they improve long-term mental health is inconclusive. The apparent immune benefits may further swing the dial in favour of pet ownership — but are there any particular dos and don'ts? According to O'Mahony, whether you choose to let your cat or dog sleep on your bed really comes down to personal preference. However, he says it's still generally important to maintain good hygiene practices and make sure that your animals are up to date with all their vaccine requirements. 'It is very important to keep pets vaccinated, wormed, and free from fleas as this protects your pet and you from dangerous pathogens and infectious diseases that can be very harmful,' he says. 'Likewise, with hygiene, a balanced approach is needed. 'We know excessive cleaning can be detrimental but there is a sensible minimum level that should be maintained, for example, correct disposal of poo in the bin is important to prevent disease.' And what about children who grow up without the presence of pets? Last year, a research group from Italy published data that suggests it may be possible to replicate some of the benefits by allowing them to regularly interact with animals in other settings such as zoos or during farm visits. In the study, in which children from homes with no pets were allowed to regularly pet horses under supervision, subsequent gut microbiome testing showed that their microbiomes began to produce more beneficial chemicals for immune health. It seems likely that having a pet at any stage of your life could yield all kinds of health benefits. 'While there is a critical immunological developmental window in early life where we think these microbial exposures have the most significant effects on the immune system, ' says O'Mahony, 'living with animals during adulthood remains important and will likely continue to provide immune health benefits.'
Telegraph
18-03-2025
- Health
- Telegraph
The three-week diet that boosts heart health and sheds fat
A lush rainforest, vast mountain terrain and smouldering volcanoes may be what comes to mind when you think of Papua New Guinea. But for scientists who have spent the best part of a decade studying the health of people who live on the island, it's the their diet – known as the NiMe (non-industrialised microbiome restore) – that fascinates. In stark contrast to the ultra-processed, high-calorie and sugary food that fill up our plates in the UK, their diet is 'rich in unprocessed, whole-plant foods grown in personal gardens and sold in markets', explains Jens Walter, a professor of ecology, food and the microbiome at University College Cork and the APC Microbiome Ireland. Think leafy greens, peppers and cucumbers. After studying the stool samples of people who live on the island, located 1,500 miles north of Australia, Prof Walter found that they had much more diverse gut microbiomes and lower levels of chronic illnesses like diabetes and arthritis. It prompted Prof Walter and his colleagues to create the NiMe (non-industrialised microbiome restore) diet based on how people eat in the country and recruited dozens of volunteers in Canada to follow it. What does a typical day involve? A classic menu involves eating millet porridge for breakfast, yellow pea soup for lunch and salmon with Brussels sprouts and sweet potato for dinner. 'We saw remarkable results,' he says. That new study found that participants shed fat, improved their heart and gut health and decreased their inflammation – in just three weeks. Here's how you can harness the same health reset. What to eat Vegetables, fruit, legumes, nuts and seeds are at the centre of the diet, which involves eating 45g of fibre per day – much higher than the 30g recommended in the UK and more than twice the average 18g daily intake. At each meal, half of your plate should be filled with vegetables (ideally the non-starchy kind) and fruits, such as leafy greens, peppers, celery, oranges and pears. Ultra-processed foods, dairy, beef and wheat are all shunned or limited because they are not part of the traditional diet in Papua New Guinea. Instead, whole grains like quinoa, barley and millet should feature at each meal, alongside plant-based proteins such as peas, lentils and tofu. A maximum of one small daily serving of fish, poultry or eggs are allowed, while lean red meat is permitted only once a week. Water should be the main source of hydration, alongside tea or coffee if desired, though sugar-sweetened beverages and fruit juices should be avoided.
Yahoo
30-01-2025
- Health
- Yahoo
This Country May Have the Best Anti-Inflammatory Diet, New Study Suggests
Reviewed by Dietitian Annie Nguyen, M.A., RD Forget diet trends—research says the secret to better health may lie in traditional eating habits. A new study published in the scientific journal Cell on January 23 suggests that eating a diet inspired by non-industrialized communities can have significant benefits for your metabolism and overall health. While the researchers haven't 'invented' a new diet, they've identified some eating habits that can support better health outcomes, including weight loss. These findings could offer new insights into how adopting some of these traditional practices may help reduce your risk of chronic diseases like heart disease and diabetes as well as obesity. Read on to learn more. Related: 11 Foods to Eat to Help You Lose Weight The study, led by Jens Walter, Ph.D., from University College Cork in Ireland, tested a diet that mimics the traditional eating habits of rural, non-industrialized communities—specifically, the eating habits common in rural Papua New Guinea. Over three weeks, participants following this 'NiMe' (Non-industrialised Microbiome Restore) diet experienced substantial health improvements, such as: Weight loss 17% decrease in bad cholesterol (LDL) 6% reduction in blood sugar 14% drop in C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation linked to heart disease These improvements were associated with changes in the gut microbiome, the community of trillions of bacteria in the digestive system. These bacteria are essential for metabolism, immune health, and digestion. The researchers found that this diet helped restore the microbiomes of participants to a healthier state, reducing the presence of pro-inflammatory bacteria and improving gut health. 'Industrialization has drastically impacted our gut microbiome, likely increasing the risk of chronic diseases,' Walter explained in a press release. 'To counter this, we developed a diet that mimics traditional, non-industrialized dietary habits and is compatible with our understanding on diet-microbiome interactions." Related: 12 Foods to Improve Your Gut Health Overnight The NiMe diet is not a strict, one-size-fits-all eating plan but rather an outline of eating habits commonly seen in non-industrialized cultures. It focuses on plant-based foods with limited animal protein, excludes processed foods high in sugar and unhealthy fats and emphasizes fiber-rich foods. The diet is mostly made up of vegetables, legumes and whole-plant foods. One small serving of animal protein (such as salmon, chicken or pork) is included daily. It doesn't contain dairy, beef or wheat, as these foods aren't traditionally consumed by rural populations in Papua New Guinea. Additionally, the diet contains an average of 22 grams of fiber per 1,000 calories, which is much higher than typical Western diets. 'Everybody knows that diet influences health, but many underestimate the magnitude,' said Walter. Paul Ross, Ph.D., the director of APC Microbiome Ireland, added: 'This study shows that we can target the gut microbiome through specific diets to improve health and reduce disease risk." Related: 7-Day Gut-Healthy Anti-Inflammatory Meal Plan, Created by a Dietitian Using inspiration from Papua New Guinea and the guidelines of the NiMe diet, researchers have developed recipes that can help curious cooks try the eating pattern for themselves. On both Facebook and Instagram, they've shared recipes for breakfast, lunch and dinner that you can test out on your own. The recipes feature nutritious veggies like Jerusalem artichokes, carrots, bell peppers and more, plus plenty of delicious whole grains. And to help you find ways to opt for more plant-based protein, there are plenty of meatless recipes to peruse. You can try the Yellow Pea Soup for a cozy evening meal or start your day with a simple Millet Porridge. We also have plenty of delicious, high-fiber vegetarian recipes for you to try your hand at—including our hearty Pumpkin & Black Bean Soup and our hands-off Slow-Cooker Curried Sweet Potato & Cauliflower with Coconut & Cashews. Related: Plant-Based Diet for Beginners: Your Guide to Getting Started A new study published in Cell found that adopting the eating habits of non-industrialized communities like those in Papua New Guinea can lower your chronic disease risk and improve overall health. These dietary habits include eating whole, plant-based foods, limiting animal protein, avoiding processed foods, and getting plenty of fiber. If you want to get a taste of this diet, the researchers have even suggested recipes that will help you do just that. Related: 10 Amazing Health Benefits of Fiber Read the original article on EATINGWELL
