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Washington Post
8 hours ago
- Politics
- Washington Post
Harvard should win in court. But academia still needs a reckoning.
Harvard University looks likely to win its legal battle against the Trump administration over foreign student visas and many of the school's grants and contracts, and it deserves to. The administration's escalating attack on the university (and, by extension, the rest of higher education) is clumsily executed, disdainful of due process and inimical to American principles of free speech, free association and free inquiry. It is also a strategic mistake. China, America's biggest geostrategic rival, has four times as many people as the United States, which means four times as many bright strivers with the potential to create the next big thing. Yet, the United States has been able to fight above its weight class, economically and militarily, because it has had the benefit of being an open society. China's intrusive authoritarian bureaucracy stifles the creativity of the country's vast talent pool, while America imports the best and brightest students from all over the world and allows them to use their abilities to the fullest. This difference helps explain why the United States continues to lead the world in many of the industries of the future and generate lifesaving medical breakthroughs. So it is easy to agree with the many university presidents who recently wrote in an open letter: 'The price of abridging the defining freedoms of American higher education will be paid by our students and our society.' At the same time, no one in academia should confuse winning the legal battle against the present White House with triumphing in the larger war that conservatives are waging on higher education. U.S. universities are vulnerable, and they are in for a long fight for public support. In the past decade, trust in higher education has dropped precipitously. Ten years ago, a robust majority of Americans told Gallup they had a 'great deal' or 'quite a lot' of confidence in higher education; today, only one-third of Americans say the same. Meanwhile, the share who say they have 'very little' confidence or 'none' has risen to 32 percent from 10 percent. The fact that their targets are no longer particularly popular has made it easier for Republicans — in state government as well as in the White House — to attack the foundations of academic independence. The rising cost of college and the declining wage premium for college graduates might have contributed to this shift. Lingering anger about the covid-19 pandemic aimed at public health authorities and other academic elites could be a factor. The most common complaint among universities' detractors is that they have become too politicized — especially favoring left-wing or progressive thinking. Academics justly protest that this perception is exaggerated, that most professors teach technical subject matter, not political ideologies. Yet the exaggeration has formed around a large grain of truth. In a recent survey by the Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression, almost half of conservative faculty said they regularly 'can't express their opinion on a subject because of how other faculty, students, or the administration would respond.' But not only conservatives feel this way. Students and faculty of all political stripes now frequently report that they self-censor on campus when politically controversial topics come up in class, online or in conversations with other students. In an academic community in which 'diversity statements' are required of new hires (and professors can be denied jobs merely for criticizing them), university administrations and disciplines issue official statements embracing social justice causes, journal editors apologize for or withdraw papers that offend the left, and conservative professors are becoming an increasingly endangered species, even moderates or those on the center-left can reasonably wonder what they're allowed to say, and universities can seem drastically out of step with mainstream society. The worst of this political fever might be behind us, but academia will have to take strenuous action to restore its reputation as defenders of the free exchange of ideas. Universities cannot convincingly demand that the government respect their academic freedom unless they consistently make the same demand of their own teachers and leaders. Renaming the diversity, equity and inclusion office will not suffice; they need to foster a campus environment in which the frank discussion of ideas is the core value. If they do not, they will find the public yawning as conservative attacks intensify and courts struggle to contain the damage. Judges might force the Trump administration to restore visas for foreign students and funding for research programs that have been revoked without due process, but the government would still have many levers left to pull. State legislatures, too, can cut funding for public schools, or tie it to significant restructuring. Every new student visa applicant can be scrutinized and justifications can be found for rejection that courts will be reluctant to second-guess. Grants can be directed toward more compliant schools. How would a judge with no background in science declare which projects are most worthy of funding? Such tactics are not wise, but they are available and, unless universities regain the public's trust, government officials might deploy them. Schools might also face legal scrutiny of their hiring practices based on the perception that, in their understandable zeal to close racial gaps, they have recently disfavored White, straight and male candidates, at odds with the Civil Rights Act. Until now, 'reverse discrimination' lawsuits have often been hard to win, in part because majority group plaintiffs may face a higher bar to prove their cases and because filing such suits would make it hard to get other jobs in many industries. But the Supreme Court has just made it easier for plaintiffs to win such cases, and the government has reportedly threatened Harvard with a 'pattern or practice' investigation that obviates the need for any plaintiff. All of which means that Harvard's current, righteous legal fight, while essential, is still less important for universities in the long run than the battle for American hearts and minds. Schools need to convince the country once again that they do vital work that serves all Americans.
Yahoo
01-06-2025
- Business
- Yahoo
Johnson & Johnson unveils first-in-human results for pasritamig, showing early anti-tumor activity in prostate cancer
Pasritamig, a first-in-class bispecific T-cell-engaging antibody, shows potential in mCRPC with outpatient dosing designed for the community setting Data show low rates of treatment-related adverse events, signaling human kallikrein 2 (KLK2) as a novel, highly specific target CHICAGO, June 1, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- Johnson & Johnson announced today new data from a Phase 1 study evaluating pasritamig (JNJ-78278343), a first-in-class bispecific antibody that activates T-cells to harness the body's immune system against prostate cancer cells, showing promise in patients with advanced disease who have progressed after multiple lines of therapy. These first data on pasritamig, from the first-in-human study, demonstrate that pasritamig appears well-tolerated and exhibits a promising antitumor activity in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), highlighting the potential of KLK2 as a novel target for T-cell engagement in advanced disease.1 These data were presented as an oral presentation (Abstract #5017) at the 2025 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting and published simultaneously in The Journal of Clinical Oncology. Pasritamig is a novel T-cell engager designed to bind both CD3 on T-cells and KLK2—a prostate-specific antigen with minimal expression outside of the prostate. Pasritamig activates T-cells by binding to CD3 and directing them to KLK2- expressing tumor cells, engaging the body's immune system to specifically target these cancerous cells. This differentiated approach aims to deliver a targeted treatment for patients with advanced prostate cancer, while potentially reducing the high-grade toxicities historically associated with T-cell engagers. "These first-in-human results for pasritamig are highly encouraging, demonstrating that KLK2 is a viable target for T-cell engagers in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer," said Capucine Baldini*, M.D., Ph.D., Drug Development Department (DITEP), Institut Gustave Roussy, and presenting author. "The data show a promising safety profile, with manageable adverse events and no AEs leading to treatment discontinuations or ICANS observed, with 40 percent of patients having no treatment-related AEs at all. Given the limited treatment options for mCRPC, these findings support further investigation of pasritamig and the role of KLK2-targeted T-cell therapies as a potential new approach for patients with aggressive disease." "Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer remains one of the most difficult stages of prostate cancer to treat, particularly for patients who haven't responded well to previous treatments," said Jeff Infante, M.D., Vice President of Early Clinical Development and Translational Research at Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine. "This investigational approach underscores our commitment to developing innovative and practice-changing medicines that are well-tolerated and can be easily administered in community practice settings." The Phase 1 first-in-human study (NCT04898634) evaluated 174 patients with ages ranging from 36 to 89 years old and on average having received four prior therapies (range 1-13). The recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of pasritamig was 3.5mg on day 1, 18mg on day 8, 300mg intravenously on day 15 and then once every six weeks. The RP2D safety group also included patients treated once every three weeks as the toxicity profiles were very similar. The RP2D efficacy group only included patients treated at the RP2D once every six weeks.1 Within the RP2D safety group (n=45), treated once every three or six weeks, 100 percent had previously received androgen receptor pathway inhibitors, 75.6 percent had undergone taxane chemotherapy, and 37.8 percent had been treated with Lutetium 177 vipivotide tetraxetan prostate-specific membrane antigen radioligand therapy.1 The most common treatment- related adverse events (TRAEs) were Grade 1/2 infusion-related reactions (24.4 percent), Grade 1 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) presenting as fever only (8.9 percent, no steroid or tocilizumab was administered) and no reports of higher grade CRS. No TRAEs leading to treatment discontinuation or dose reduction were reported and no immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) was observed. Grade 3 TRAEs were infrequent with 4.4 percent of patients reporting transient AST/ALT increases and neutropenia. There were no dose-limiting toxicities reported. The favorable safety profile of the RP2D regimen enabled convenient outpatient administration on a patient-friendly, once-every-six-weeks schedule.1 Of the patients in the RP2D efficacy group (n=33), treated once every six weeks, 42.4 percent achieved a 50 percent or greater reduction in their prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels with a median rPFS of 7.9 months (95 percent confidence interval [CI] 2.9, not estimable [NE]) and 21.2 percent of patients continuing therapy. Treatment with pasritamig showed durable disease control and rPFS that compares favorably to historical data in heavily pretreated patients with mCRPC.1 Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer occurs in a significant portion of prostate cancer patients, with many progressing despite initial therapies.2 Overall survival from diagnosis of mCRPC patients ranges from 13.5 to 31.6 months, and lower in patients who have progressed on therapy.3 Treatment options remain limited, underscoring the urgent need for safer and more effective therapies.4 About Pasritamig (JNJ-78278343)Pasritamig (JNJ-78278343) is an investigational T-cell-engaging bispecific antibody (bsAb) targeting human kallikrein 2 (KLK2) on prostate cancer cells and CD3 on T-cells. This approach is being evaluated in heavily pretreated patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), a patient population with limited treatment options. About Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC)Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is a challenging and aggressive stage of prostate cancer where the disease progresses despite androgen deprivation therapy.2 Patients often experience metastasis to bones and lymph nodes, leading to poor outcomes and limited treatment options, including chemotherapy and second-line hormone therapies.5 The median overall survival ranges from 13.5 to 31.6 months depending on the site of metastasis, with a typical range of 15–36 months across the broader population.3,6 Survival rates can vary significantly depending on factors such as prior treatment history, disease burden, and response to therapy. The need for more effective treatments is critical, as the disease continues to impact a large number of men globally, with mCRPC being responsible for a substantial number of prostate cancer-related deaths. About Johnson & JohnsonAt Johnson & Johnson, we believe health is everything. Our strength in healthcare innovation empowers us to build a world where complex diseases are prevented, treated, and cured, where treatments are smarter and less invasive, and solutions are personal. Through our expertise in Innovative Medicine and MedTech, we are uniquely positioned to innovate across the full spectrum of healthcare solutions today to deliver the breakthroughs of tomorrow, and profoundly impact health for humanity. Learn more at or at Follow us at @JNJInnovMed. Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Janssen Biotech, Inc., Janssen Global Services, LLC and Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC are Johnson & Johnson companies. Cautions Concerning Forward-Looking StatementsThis press release contains "forward-looking statements" as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 regarding product development and the potential benefits and treatment impact of JNJ-78278343. The reader is cautioned not to rely on these forward-looking statements. These statements are based on current expectations of future events. If underlying assumptions prove inaccurate or known or unknown risks or uncertainties materialize, actual results could vary materially from the expectations and projections of Johnson & Johnson. Risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: challenges and uncertainties inherent in product research and development, including the uncertainty of clinical success and of obtaining regulatory approvals; uncertainty of commercial success; manufacturing difficulties and delays; competition, including technological advances, new products and patents attained by competitors; challenges to patents; product efficacy or safety concerns resulting in product recalls or regulatory action; changes in behavior and spending patterns of purchasers of health care products and services; changes to applicable laws and regulations, including global health care reforms; and trends toward health care cost containment. A further list and descriptions of these risks, uncertainties and other factors can be found in Johnson & Johnson's most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, including in the sections captioned "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" and "Item 1A. Risk Factors," and in Johnson & Johnson's subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Copies of these filings are available online at or on request from Johnson & Johnson. Johnson & Johnson does not undertake to update any forward-looking statement as a result of new information or future events or developments. Source: Johnson & Johnson *Dr. Capucine Baldini has provided consulting, advisory, and speaking services to Johnson & Johnson; Dr. Baldini has not been paid for any media work. 1 Baldini, C., et al. Phase 1 Study Results of Pasritamig (JNJ-78278343) in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. 2025 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. June 2025.2 Scher, H. I., et al. (2016). "Treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer: Current and future strategies." Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, 13(10), 577-590.3 Wallace KL, Landsteiner A, Bunner SH, Engel-Nitz NM, Luckenbaugh AN. Increasing prevalence of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in a managed care population in the United States. Cancer Causes Control. 2021;32(12):1365-1374. doi:10.1007/s10552-021-01484-44 Ravi P, Mateo J, Lorente D, et al. Clinical prognostic factors and management of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a population-based study. PLoS One. 2015;10(10):e0139440. doi:10.1371/ Ryan, C. J., et al. (2015). "Abiraterone acetate in metastatic prostate cancer: A new era." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 33(10), 1051-1060.6 Kawahara, T., Saigusa, Y., Yoneyama, S. et al. Development and validation of a survival nomogram and calculator for male patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with abiraterone acetate and/or enzalutamide. BMC Cancer 23, 214 (2023). Media contacts:Oncology Media Relations oncology_media_relations@ Investor contact:Lauren Johnsoninvestor-relations@ U.S. Medical Inquiries +1 800 526-7736 View original content to download multimedia: SOURCE Johnson & Johnson Sign in to access your portfolio
New York Times
24-05-2025
- Politics
- New York Times
Trump Gives Commencement Address at West Point, Stressing a New Era
President Trump told cadets in a commencement address at the United States Military Academy at West Point on Saturday that they were the first graduates to serve in a 'golden age' of the nation that was a result of his efforts to rebuild the military and reshape American society. Gone are the 'nation-building crusades' in countries that 'wanted nothing to do with us' and leadership that subjected servicemembers to 'absurd ideological experiments here and at home,' Mr. Trump told the group of about 1,000 cadets. Wearing his red 'Make America Great Again' hat, Mr. Trump leaned into his aggressive agenda to purge diversity, equity and inclusion programs from the government, military and virtually every facet of American life to make the pitch that the nation is worth fighting for again. He drew applause from guests at times, such as when he discussed the issue of transgender athletes playing in female sports and hiring on merit over diversity. At the outset of his second term, he issued a spate of executive orders targeting programs and policies that have helped address systemic racism, which he deemed divisive and unpatriotic. He claimed that his predecessors had 'subjected the armed forces to all manner of social projects and political causes, while leaving our borders undefended and depleting our arsenals to fight other countries' wars.' 'All of that's ended. It's ended strongly,' he said. 'They're not even allowed to think about it anymore.' Mr. Trump's crusade against diversity has been particularly pronounced in the military, where there has been an aggressive erasure of the valor of Black, female and other groups, down to eliminating and obscuring content honoring those buried at Arlington National Cemetery. Mr. Trump has also sought to overhaul the military by making its ranks less diverse. He removed a Black four-star general as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and dismissed high-ranking women. He also banned transgender people from serving in the military. His defense secretary, Pete Hegseth, a former Fox News host who served in the Army National Guard, has been among the most aggressive champions of Mr. Trump's campaign. At his first staff meeting, he proclaimed: 'I think the single dumbest phrase in military history is 'our diversity is our strength.'' Academics at West Point, a historically apolitical military academy that is run by the Department of Defense, was recently caught in the crossfire of the Mr. Trump's culture war. To comply with Mr. Trump's and Mr. Hegseth's orders, the institution targeted books about race and gender for removal, disbanded a dozen affinity groups, scrubbed curriculums and dropped classes. Faculty members have publicly criticized what they see as a dangerous infringement on the school's academic freedom, and one even quit. In his commencement address, Mr. Trump did not address the turmoil on campus directly, but boasted about how he had 'liberated our troops from divisive and demeaning political trainings.' He also touted how, in his administration, appointments and promotions are not based on politics or identity. 'We're a merit-based country again,' he said. Mr. Trump's remarks drew a stark contrast with the speech he gave when he spoke on the campus during his first term, as the country was in the midst of a reckoning over its racist history following the killing of George Floyd, a Black man whom the world watched cry for his mother as he lay dying under a white police officer's knee. In that 2020 speech, Mr. Trump urged West Point's graduating class to 'never forget' the legacy of soldiers before them who had fought a bloody war to 'extinguish the evil of slavery.' 'What has historically made America unique is the durability of its institutions against the passions and prejudices of the moment,' Mr. Trump said then. 'When times are turbulent, when the road is rough, what matters most is that which is permanent, timeless, enduring and eternal.' This year, Mr. Trump extolled the cultural reckoning he was leading. 'We're getting rid of distractions,' Mr. Trump said, 'and we're focusing our military on its core mission: crushing America's adversaries, killing America's enemies and defending our great American flag like it has never been defended before.' Mr. Trump also rambled at times as he took shots at his opponents and told stories about how his famous golf buddy came to have a 'trophy wife.' He also spent considerable time praising the achievements of the graduates — he brought several of them onstage — and told them that they were graduating at a 'defining moment' in the Army's history, and were 'respected more than any army anywhere in the world.' Mr. Trump, who never served in the military and avoided the Vietnam War by citing bone spurs in his foot, touted projects that he hoped the new officers would be excited about, including new 'brand-new, beautiful planes,' and the Golden Dome missile defense shield initiative that he unveiled earlier this week. 'In a few moments, you'll become graduates of the most elite and storied military academy in human history,' Mr. Trump said. 'And you will become officers of the greatest and most powerful army the world has ever known.'
Washington Post
24-05-2025
- Politics
- Washington Post
Trump to speak at a West Point upended by his changes
When President Donald Trump last addressed the graduating class of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, protests inspired by the police killing of George Floyd swept the country — forcing a reckoning on college campuses that extended to the storied institution. Then, school officials directed cadets to spend an academic year exploring how to 'unearth and confront racism, sexism, and other biases that persist at this academy and that undermine American society.'
Yahoo
15-05-2025
- Health
- Yahoo
Aldevron and Integrated DNA Technologies Manufacture World's First mRNA-based Personalized CRISPR Therapy
N of 1 therapy uniquely developed, on demand, for infant with life-threatening rare metabolic disorder in six months Results published in The New England Journal of Medicine and showcased at American Society of Gene & Cell Therapy Annual Meeting FARGO, N.D. & CORALVILLE, Iowa, May 15, 2025--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Aldevron, a global leader in the production of DNA, RNA and protein, together with Integrated DNA Technologies (IDT), a global leader in genomics solutions, announced the successful manufacture of the world's first personalized CRISPR gene editing drug product to treat an infant with urea cycle disorder (UCD). With no current cure for UCDs, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and the University of Pennsylvania (Penn) engaged Aldevron and IDT, both part of Danaher Corporation (NYSE: DHR) to manufacture a novel mRNA-based personalized CRISPR therapy in six months—three times faster than the standard timeline for gene editing drug products. The technically complex, N of 1 therapy required a new guide RNA (gRNA) sequence, new mRNA-encoded base editor, custom off-target safety services and a clinically validated lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulation, marking an industry milestone that demonstrates how the U.S. continues to lead the way in mRNA gene editing therapies to improve human health for all. The outcome is featured in a study published today in The New England Journal of Medicine and provides proof of concept for the potential of safe, and effective, personalized CRISPR therapy in the future. "We are unique in our ability to deliver this innovative treatment in such a short timeline," said Mark Wetzel, VP/GM mRNA CDMO Services at Aldevron. "This CRISPR therapy was made under exceptional circumstances—not something our industry is built to do consistently—given the steadfast focus and dedication of the Aldevron and IDT teams to leverage years of expertise and strong partnerships to do what was needed to improve this patient's outcome. Collaboration between Aldevron, IDT, and Acuitas allowed for this innovation to happen, and the future of rare disease treatment is now brighter as a result." This accomplishment is complementary to the goal of the Danaher-IGI Beacon for CRISPR Cures to develop platform approaches that can be easily modified to develop gene-editing medicines for hundreds of devastating diseases. Launched in January 2024, the Beacon unites the finest scientific minds in gene editing at the IGI, with the R&D and manufacturing talent, technology and expertise from across Danaher's various operating companies, to create transformative solutions. "What we've accomplished together sets a new gold standard for operationalizing the future of medicine," said Sandy Ottensmann, VP/GM, Gene Writing & Editing at IDT. "The implications of this work are profound and illuminate how collaborations between academic medicine and industry can enable major science wins. The opportunity ahead lies in continuously leveraging our CRISPR toolbox to innovate and operationalize more potential treatments and help patients in desperate search of cures." Aldevron provided the mRNA and worked with Acuitas Therapeutics, a private biotechnology company specializing in the development of LNP delivery systems for nucleic acid therapeutics. Together with the gRNA and safety services provided by IDT, the companies delivered a customized in vivo base-editing therapy, in a significantly compressed timeline, as a transformational therapy for the infant patient. Collaboration between all partners' quality and regulatory teams also led to successful EIND approvals. "This study is an important milestone," said corresponding author of the NEJM study Kiran Musunuru, MD, PhD, MPH, ML, MRA, the Barry J. Gertz Professor for Translational Research and Director of the Genetic and Epigenetic Origins of Disease Program in the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. "The impact of this work extends beyond this particular patient and category of clinical indications—it suggests a potential roadmap for transforming CRISPR therapies for other inborn errors of metabolism and life-threatening genetic diseases. It's an exciting future for personalized medicine." The patient was treated at CHOP by co-corresponding author and physician-scientist, Rebecca C. Ahrens-Nicklas, MD, PhD. The infant, who was diagnosed with UCD, suffered from neonatal-onset CPS1 deficiency and was unable to remove ammonia from the body. To learn more about Aldevron and IDT's capabilities, visit About Aldevron Aldevron is a premier manufacturing partner, producing high-quality plasmid DNA, mRNA, proteins, and other key components for the development of vaccines, gene and cell therapies, immunotherapies and other treatments. As a part of the Danaher Corporation family of global science and technology companies, Aldevron supports thousands of scientists who are developing revolutionary, lifesaving treatments for millions of people. To learn more about how Aldevron is advancing biological science, visit and follow the company on LinkedIn, Facebook and YouTube. About IDT Building from a strong foundation of innovation, expertise, and reliability, Integrated DNA Technologies (IDT) has evolved from an oligo manufacturer to a leading genomics provider. We work shoulder-to-shoulder with scientific and global health partners to enable genomics breakthroughs at scale. Our vision of enabling researchers to rapidly move from the lab to life-changing advances reflects our ongoing commitment to a healthier, brighter future for all. IDT is proud to be part of Danaher, a global science and technology leader. Together we combine our capabilities to accelerate the real-life impact of tomorrow's science and technology to improve human health. For more information about IDT, visit and follow the company on LinkedIn, X, Facebook, YouTube, and Instagram. Disclaimer: CGMP refers to products manufactured under ICHQ7; IDT engineering runs and CGMP gRNA are for development and investigational use only. The performance characteristics of this product have not been established. This product is not intended to be used as final drug product. The purchaser is solely responsible for all decisions regarding the intended use of the product and any associated legal or regulatory obligations. About Danaher Danaher is a leading global life sciences and diagnostics innovator, committed to accelerating the power of science and technology to improve human health. Our businesses partner closely with customers to solve many of the most important health challenges impacting patients around the world. Danaher's advanced science and technology - and proven ability to innovate - help enable faster, more accurate diagnoses and help reduce the time and cost needed to sustainably discover, develop and deliver life-changing therapies. Focused on scientific excellence, innovation and continuous improvement, our approximately 63,000 associates worldwide help ensure that Danaher is improving quality of life for billions of people today, while setting the foundation for a healthier, more sustainable tomorrow. Explore more at View source version on Contacts Media Contacts: Aldevron Ellen ShaferSenior Director of (701) 219-0333 Integrated DNA Technologies Kristina SarenasDirector, Public Relationsksarenas@ (714) 213-9468 Danaher Mary CarmichaelHead of Science & Technology (617) 413-3543
