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Los Angeles Times
31-07-2025
- Politics
- Los Angeles Times
Following fires and a tsunami, a push to force L.A. to finally analyze evacuation routes
After an investigation from The Times found L.A. city had failed to publicly comply with a 2019 law requiring it to analyze the capacity, safety and viability of its evacuation routes, Councilmember Traci Park filed a motion that would force the city to comply. 'The Palisades fire underscored just how vulnerable our hillside communities remain,' the motion states. The fire — along with Tuesday's Tsunami Advisory — 'reaffirms the urgent need to comply with [the law] and update the City's emergency planning to reflect current realities.' Former state legislator Marc Levine wrote the 2019 law, Assembly Bill 747, after hearing the horrific scenes of gridlock on the streets of Paradise, Calif., over the radio during the 2018 Camp fire. The law requires local governments to include these evacuation analyses in the the safety element of their general plans, which serve as the blueprint for long-term development of cities and counties. Yet, L.A. city's safety element includes no such analysis. 'The fact that local government leaders would not do as much as they can to protect human life and safety is just shocking to me,' Levine said earlier this month, when learning of both L.A. City's and L.A. County's limited efforts to analyze their evacuation routes. In a statement to The Times, the city's planning department, responsible for writing and updating the safety element, said it did not publicize evacuation routes since 'large urban cities such as the City of Los Angeles are high profile targets for terrorist attacks.' Levine categorized the response as a 'dubious claim.' In a statement to The Times, he said, 'It is a mystery how hiding evacuation route capacity and viability can save lives when community members are fleeing a natural disaster.' The planning department did not immediately respond to a request for comment on the motion. Park's motion, if adopted, would require the planning department to report back to the city council within 30 days listing all evacuation routes in high-risk areas within Park's district, including an assessment of the routes' capacities, potential bottlenecks, physical hazards, viability under emergency scenarios including wildfire and tsunamis, and strategies for mitigating traffic issues. Park's district is particularly vulnerable to natural disasters, encompassing the hillside, brush-filled communities of the Pacific Palisades and Brentwood as well as the coastal neighborhoods of Venice and Playa del Rey. The city has publicly provided tsunami evacuations routes — identifying coastal routes to get residents away from the ocean — but they do not include an analysis of traffic conditions in such a scenario, nor do they include routes for other possible disasters including wildfire and earthquakes. The motion would also require the planning department to provide a timeline and funding strategy for completing any remaining AB 747 requirements. Councilmember Park was not immediately available to respond to a request for comment. This is a developing story. Times staff writer David Zahniser contributed to this report.
Los Angeles Times
25-07-2025
- General
- Los Angeles Times
Months after the Jan. 7 fires, L.A.'s evacuation plans remain untested
Just before sunrise on Nov. 8, 2018, a power line fell from a wind-worn Pacific Gas & Electric transmission tower and whipped into the structure nestled in the Sierra foothills. An electric arc sent molten metal into the dry vegetation below. It ignited. Five minutes later, a PG&E employee spotted the fire while driving on a nearby highway and reported it. Within two hours of the sighting, the town of Paradise, seven miles away, sent its first evacuation order, but it was already too late. Within two minutes, flames were reported at the town's edge. Landing embers quickly ignited dozens of spot fires in town. With only four major roads out of town, the streets quickly gridlocked. Paradise burned. Sixty-four people died in Paradise during the agonizing seven-hour evacuation. Six of them were found in or next to their cars as they tried to evacuate. Marc Levine, a state legislator at the time, listened over radio to the horrific scenes of people, stuck in traffic, abandoning their cars to flee on foot. 'It made me think of the people falling from the World Trade Centers on 9/11,' he said. 'They were going to be incinerated or they were going to jump. … They knew they would die either way.' So, Levine wrote legislation requiring California cities and counties to analyze whether their roads could support a quick evacuation during emergencies such as fires, floods and tsunamis. Assembly Bill 747 passed in 2019. Yet, to date, the city of Los Angeles has failed to publicly report such an analysis, while fire safety advocates say L.A. County's evacuation analysis fails to meet the law's requirements. The Times reached out to nearly a dozen city, county and state agencies involved with evacuation planning. All either did not respond to requests for comment, could not to point to an evacuation analysis in line with the state's guidelines for AB 747 or indicated the responsibility for doing the work lie with other agencies. 'The fact that local government leaders would not do as much as they can to protect human life and safety is just shocking to me,' Levine said. In January, the streets of Pacific Palisades mirrored the scene that distressed Levine in 2018. Traffic was at a standstill on Sunset Boulevard and Palisades Drive — two of the only routes out of the burning landscape. When a spot fire exploded next to the route, police ran down the street, shouting at evacuees to run for their lives. Every year, dozens of evacuations are ordered in California, organized and completed without any casualties — or even a news story. In these cases, public safety officials have all the lead time that they need to organize a safe and orderly evacuation before a fire reaches a community. But it's the much more dire evacuation scenarios — when the lead time is shorter than the time it takes to evacuate, like in the Palisades — where emergency planning is both most important and often ignored. 'There's no incentive to ever present an evacuation plan that isn't very positive,' said Thomas Cova, a professor at the University of Utah who studies wildfire evacuation analysis. 'Why would an emergency planner — say some young upstart in an emergency operation center — ever want to present a plan to their colleagues that involves some people burning?' The chaos of these worst-case scenario evacuations often look nothing like the orderly phased evacuations cities often focus on. Unlike in 'blue sky' evacuations, smoke can hinder visibility and cause crashes. Often whole towns must leave at once. Power outages can prevent public safety officials from communicating with residents. It's why Marylee Guinon — president of the State Alliance for Firesafe Road Regulations, an advocacy group aimed at protecting and expanding the state's community fire safety requirements — suspects AB 747 is facing pushback from local governments. 'They don't want data that would tell them that it's going to be a nine-hour evacuation,' she said. All the while, the risk of fast-moving fires is growing. In a 2024 study, researchers from the University of Colorado in Boulder analyzed more than 60,000 fires documented by NASA satellites in the first two decades of the 21st century. By 2020, fires in California were growing, on average, four times faster than they were in 2001. AB 747 requires local governments to include their evacuation analyses in the safety element of their general plan — the long-term blueprint for future development of a city or county. The city of L.A.'s current safety element provides no such analysis. Instead, it simply lists evacuation planning as 'ongoing.' In a statement to The Times, the city's Planning Department, responsible for writing and revising the general plan, said details of evacuation routes are not made publicly available since 'large urban cities such as the City of Los Angeles are high profile targets for terrorist attacks.' The city did not immediately clarify what legal authority it has to keep the analysis private as California law generally requires safety elements to be public. 'It is a mystery how hiding evacuation route capacity and viability can save lives when community members are fleeing a natural disaster,' Levine said in an email to The Times. 'It is a dubious claim that terrorists could possibly be well positioned to take advantage of such a catastrophic situation.' Meanwhile, the county said it complied through an analysis it included in its 2025 safety element. However, fire safety advocates criticized the county's analysis as simplistic and failing to adequately determine whether quick and safe evacuations are feasible. The Governor's Office of Land Use and Climate Innovation, which provides guidance on state planning laws, recommended that local governments use traffic software to simulate different evacuations to estimate how long they might take. Instead, the county grabbed a list of all roads in unincorporated areas within its borders and listed them as 'evacuation routes' so long as they were paved, public and not a dead end. The intent of the law is 'not 'just list the roads you have,'' Levine said. 'So I'm super disappointed that L.A. County is dismissive in this way. You would expect, particularly post this year's fires, Palisades and Eaton, they would take this far more seriously.' When pressed on their deviations from the state's guidance, both the city and county planning departments passed the buck to the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, which indicated in assessments that the two departments' safety elements were compliant. Cal Fire, however, said that its assessments were nonbinding and that complying with the law falls on the city and county. Yet, none of the local or state agencies directly responded to an inquiry from The Times asking them to explain the discrepancy between the guidance and the safety elements. The city and county both have detailed evacuation plans that coordinate how public safety officials in the emergency operations, police and fire departments would orchestrate a mass exodus. However, the analysis of roadway networks to estimate how long those evacuations — even if perfectly orchestrated — may take, is different. 'Historically, fire agencies put forth evacuation plans that are operationally driven,' said retired fire Battalion Chief Doug Flaherty. 'They talk about communications. They talk about unified command. … What is missing is an actual detailed, road-by-roadway capacity analysis of the time that it's going to take for people to safely evacuate the area.' For Guinon, the lack of follow-through from cities and counties across the state is indicative of a common trend in wildfire legislation. 'Virtually every piece of legislation that I dig into, I find out it was the result of a tragic catastrophe,' she said. 'This legislation comes out with really, really clear intent over and over, and then it gets forgotten.' Despite the complexity of simulating cars on a computerized network of roads to understand evacuation times, the scientific prowess exists — and the software to do it is widely accessible. When Flaherty, a Tahoe Basin resident, became frustrated with his area's lack of movement on the issue, he commissioned an evacuation study through his nonprofit, The retired fire battalion chief, with 50 years of emergency response planning experience under his belt, partnered with Leo Zlimen, fresh out of UC Berkeley and co-founder of the emergency management software startup Ladris. 'We fell into this wildfire space because everywhere we looked, people were [asking] 'draw a circle on the map and tell me how long it takes to get those people out,'' Zlimen said. 'And it turns out, that's actually a really complicated problem.' Ladris' software simulates realistic fire evacuations. It starts by taking a map of roads in a community and plopping little purple dots at virtually every home. Each one represents a vehicle. A fire starts on the map. It spreads. The purple dots get orders to flee, and the evacuation starts. The computer can play out a multihour evacuation in mere seconds, and it can account for an excruciating amount of detail. A roadblock, representing a falling tree or car crash, can stop purple dots from using a portion of the road. Some purple dots, not realizing how dire the situation is, wait an extra few minutes — or hours — to evacuate. The dots even wait their turn at stop signs, crosswalks and traffic lights. Ladris' program almost looks like a video game. Officials can test evacuation scenarios far in advance or in real time during an emergency. The company is also working to use artificial intelligence to help quickly configure scenarios so users can almost literally 'draw a circle on the map' and get an evacuation time. Flaherty said his detailed Tahoe Basin study, a comprehensive analysis based on Ladris' simulations, had a price tag just shy of $100,000 — roughly equivalent to the cost of installing one traffic light in town. 'In the scheme of things, it's very cost effective and reasonably priced,' he said. Another piece of software from Old Dominion University — simpler than Ladris' — is available to the public for free. It takes less than half an hour to set up a simulation in the program, called FLEET (for 'Fast Local Emergency Evacuation Times'). Consequently, it's been used not only by local governments making fire evacuation plans, but also by Scouting America troops interested in flood hazards and event planners wondering how bad the postgame traffic may be. Among those using FLEET simulations for evacuation planning: the town of Paradise. After the Camp fire, Paradise became an inadvertent experiment in how towns can better prepare for evacuations. After the disaster, it won a $199-million federal grant for infrastructure projects designed to rebuild Paradise into a more fire-safe town. Before the fire, the town's entire yearly budget was around $12 million. After the Camp fire, Paradise hired a traffic consulting firm that used FLEET. It found an evacuation would take over five hours under perfect conditions while utilizing all traffic lanes. It then used the modeling to understand what could be done to alter traffic flow to reduce that time. For Paradise — as is the case for many towns — a big problem is traffic bottlenecks: To evacuate, virtually the entire town has to use one of four main roads. The seemingly most straight-forward solution? Build more roads. However, these projects get complicated fast, said Marc Mattox, Paradise's public works director and town engineer. Often the roads that a municipality needs to improve evacuation would have to go through private property — a nonstarter for residents in the proposed path. Or, it's simply too costly. Although Paradise has received funds to widen two evacuation routes and connect three dead ends with the rest of town, a new evacuation route out of town would be prohibitively expensive. Mattox estimated such a route, navigating Paradise's steep ridges and canyons, would cost in excess of half a billion dollars. So, Paradise has also invested in a much cheaper, yet still effective tool to speed up evacuations: clear communication. Paradise installed signs all over town that proclaim when residents enter and exit different evacuation zones. The town is also looking into using a different color sign for private or dead-end roads that warn drivers to avoid them, as well as digital signs above key roadways that can display real-time evacuation information. In Southern California, Malibu — which completed an evacuation analysis after it suffered the Woolsey fire the same day as the Camp fire — has similar plans. Malibu is adding reflective markers to roadways to reduce the chances of crashes amid thick smoke. For neighborhoods with few evacuation routes and individuals with limited mobility, the city encourages evacuating whenever the National Weather Service warns of dangerous fire weather — well before a possible ignition. Los Angeles is much bigger than Malibu and Paradise — L.A. has a population of 3.9 million; Paradise's is just over 9,100. But evacuation experts said it's no excuse for letting California's rural towns take the lead on evacuation planning. Asked whether the sprawling labyrinth of L.A. roads would make doing these analyses more difficult, Zlimen smiled. 'Not really — no,' he said, noting Ladris has completed analyses in the San Francisco Bay Area. 'It's totally possible.' Guinon hopes the results of evacuation analyses can also help — or force — cities to make more responsible residential development plans in the first place. 'It's not rocket science,' she said. 'Let's just take on protection of our existing communities and let the chips fall where they may with new development: If it's unsafe, don't build it.'
CBS News
03-03-2025
- Climate
- CBS News
South Bay mountain community creates secondary evacuation route, saying county hasn't helped
As the climate changes, wildfire has become a constant worry, even in the dead of winter. People living in South Bay mountain communities are taking the issue seriously, including one group of homeowners in Los Gatos who had to create their own evacuation route. There is only one way in and out of the Aldercroft Heights neighborhood, so when the lightning began striking that started the massive CZU Complex inferno, some of the spot fires began near Aldercroft. "And so, while they got those ones out and it never became part of the main fire, we realized that there was no reason that what happened in Boulder Creek and those areas. There's no reason that couldn't happen here," said Aldercroft Heights homeowner Sarah Johnston. But that wasn't the first fire to threaten the heavily forested neighborhood. In 1985, the Lexington fire also came dangerously close to the same area. Harold Schapelhouman remembers it well. "I was a brand new firefighter," he said. "That was our first campaign fire. We had the wrong engine, the wrong hose, we didn't have the right tools." Now a retired Menlo Park fire chief, Schapelhouman said they learned a lot of lessons, including the importance of having planned evacuation routes for the public. "Many counties and agencies have taken that very seriously on their own and are doing that already," he said. "Why that's not being done in Santa Clara County is, actually, I was surprised that it wasn't." It's supposed to be state law. Assembly Bill 747 went into effect in 2022, requiring cities and counties to identify evacuation routes in case of a natural disaster. It's supposed to be finished by now, but the Aldercroft neighbors say they have gotten no help from Santa Clara County in establishing a secondary way out of the development. "Even if you go to their website, they don't have phone numbers. They don't have links to email addresses," said homeowner Scott Schreiman. "They sort of have the people's names but you have no idea how to get ahold of them. They seem to actively not want to be contacted. They know us. We're easy to find. They haven't come to us for anything." So, the residents organized themselves into a "FireWise" community and, all on their own, came up with a secondary route out of the neighborhood that begins at a locked gate topped with razor wire at the end of Aldercroft Heights Road. The road beyond is the property of the local water company, which heavily guards access to the area. "We really had to push to make sure that we could use this as a second way out during the CZU Complex fire.," said Johnston. The company agreed to open the gate on Red Flag Days when a wildfire is a threat and it even posted evacuation route signs. They even had a practice evacuation for the neighborhood and it became clear that the largely unpaved road may be a challenge in the event of a mass exodus. So, at this point, the residents are asking the county to fork over the money to have the mile-long road paved. "Evacuation routes are really important, and we've been trying to persuade the county to make a bigger investment in this," said Schreiman. And of course, having a way to contact them would help.
