Latest news with #Boessenkool
Yahoo
5 days ago
- Science
- Yahoo
Bones in Norway Cave Reveal Chilling Fate of Ice Age Animals
For 75,000 years, the remnants of a diverse ecosystem of Ice Age animals have lain hidden in the shelter of Arne Qvam Cave in Norway. Scientists have only just begun to grasp the full scope of its contents, which are the oldest evidence we have describing the diversity of animals that flourished in one of the glacial period's warmer stints. This rare and remarkably extensive archive of ancient Arctic fauna covers a wide spectrum of vertebrates, from small mammals like the collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx torquatus) and voles (Alexandromys oeconomus) that scurried across the tundra, marine and freshwater fish, and more than 20 bird species, to the landscape's largest marine mammals, like whales, walruses, and even a polar bear. Related link: "We have very little evidence of what Arctic life was like in this period because of the lack of preserved remains over 10,000 years old," says evolutionary biologist Sanne Boessenkool of the University of Oslo. This find fills a "significant void in our understanding of biodiversity and the environment during a period of dramatic climate change," Boessenkool and team write in their paper describing the finds. The cave was concealed within a mountain until the 1990s, when a tunnel built for mining exposed the secret chamber. Even then, large excavations were not carried out until 2021 and 2022, when the animal remains emerged from the lower layers of sedimentary rock. The collared lemmings were a particularly exciting find: this species is now extinct in Europe, and until now, the only signs they had ever lived there were from Scandinavia. The remains of freshwater fish suggest there were lakes and rivers in the tundra environment, while bowhead whales and walruses would have required sea ice. This probably wasn't present year-round, however, because the harbour porpoises also found in the cave avoid waters that have frozen over. These animals were living in a period of global cooling. The entire ecosystem seems to have depended on melting glaciers that provided fresh water and exposed the ocean; once the landscape froze over once again, the biodiversity disappeared, suggesting the mix of animals were unable to migrate or adapt to the colder, drier environment. "This highlights how cold adapted species struggle to adapt to major climatic events. This has a direct link to the challenges they are facing in the Arctic today as the climate warms at a rapid pace," lead author and Bournemouth University zooarchaeologist Sam Walker says. "The habitats these animals in the region live in today are much more fractured than 75,000 years ago, so it is even harder for animal populations to move and adapt." While many of these kinds of animals can still be found in the Arctic today, they no longer live in the cave's vicinity. When the researchers compared the bones' mitochondrial DNA with those of extant populations, they found none of the ancient lineages had survived when the glaciers froze up again. But, as Boessenkool points out, "this was a shift to a colder [climate], not a period of warming that we are facing today. "And these are cold-adapted species – so if they struggled to cope with colder periods in the past, it will be even harder for these species to adapt to a warming climate," she says. This research was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Related News The DNA of Great White Sharks Defies Explanation. Here's Why. Meet The 'Genital King' Tarantula And Its Record-Breaking Sexual Organ Giant Stick Insect Found Hiding in Rainforest May Be Australia's Heaviest Solve the daily Crossword
Yahoo
03-04-2025
- Politics
- Yahoo
In Canada, Trump Is on the Ballot
Ken Boessenkool is a longtime inside player at the highest level of Conservative politics in Canada, and there are a couple of political inversions—weird things at least from the U.S. point of view—that he thinks we south-of-the-border types need to know about as his country advances toward a snap election in which the party of the center-left, woefully behind in the polls only a few months ago, is expected to romp to victory. The first of them is that the usual polarized politics of age—youngsters on the left, oldsters on the right—is at least partly turned upside-down right now, with the Conservatives polling unusually well among younger voters and the Liberals showing strength with the older ones. And the reason for that is the second item, a quirk of Canadian politics that sets it apart from the rest of the Anglophone (yes, put in whatever is Québécois French for an asterisk) countries: In Canada, the party of nationalism is the left-leaning party, not the right-leaning one—the rally-to-the-flag effect pushes Canadian voters in the direction of the Liberal Party, whose logo is pretty much just the Canadian flag and which as a party has long been associated with major nationalist initiatives in Canada, most prominently the 'patriation' of the Canadian constitution, which ended the role of the U.K. parliament in Canadian political life and secured full Canadian sovereignty in 1982. The Liberals are the party of abortion and universal health care, sure, but also the party that takes credit for building the navy and creating the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Canada's version of the Bill of Rights. That a left-leaning social-welfare party would also be the party of nationalism is, of course, old news to readers of Jonah Goldberg or to students of the New Deal, but it does run against the grain of contemporary political assumptions. In Canada, the Conservatives are a party of market-oriented economic reformers and the Liberals are a party of big-government corporatists and nationalists—hence the leftward stampede of Canadian voters in response to Donald Trump's insults, threats, and abuse. Ken Boessenkool But that nationalist sentiment is not uniformly distributed throughout the Canadian population, as Boessenkool notes. 'In Canada, if you're over 45, Trump is all you're thinking about. If you're under 45, all you're thinking about is that you can't afford a home. People under 45 are voting for [Conservative leader] Pierre Poilievre to fix the housing crisis—and it is a crisis. People over 45 are voting for Mark Carney to be more of an adult in the room to deal with Trump.' Boessenkool, a senior adviser to former Prime Minister Stephen Harper and longtime collaborator with Preston Manning (founder of the Reform Party that evolved into the modern Conservative Party of Canada), is as deep-dyed a Conservative as you are likely to find, but he is not at all begrudging in his assessment of Carney, whose Liberal Party is all but guaranteed to win the election on April 28: 'Trumpy politics in the U.S. is driving our politics in the opposite direction, and Carney is the anti-Trump: He is smart, he has a résumé, he speaks in complete sentences. He is boring.' But Carney did say something unusually interesting for a Canadian PM, at least to U.S. ears: The longstanding cooperative relationship between the neighbors and allies 'is over,' he said a week ago. His task going forward, as he describes it, is to help Canada chart a new and more independent course—one that will be informed by the politics and principles of the center-left rather than by the Conservatives. 'If the election were held right now, the Liberals could win six to 10 seats in Alberta'—a Conservative stronghold—'and they haven't won more than one seat there in 40 years,' Boessenkool says. 'In January, there was a 99 percent chance Pierre Poilievre was going to win a majority government; today, there is a 75 percent chance the Liberals will form a majority government. Only one thing has changed between January 15 and now.' The real question for Conservatives isn't how badly they're going to lose but how badly the country's second left-leaning party, the social democrats in the New Democratic Party, are going to lose. The Conservatives are at best a 40 percent party, and their electoral success in past decades has depended on splitting the left-wing vote. 'If the New Democrats get wiped off the map and the left doesn't split, then Conservatives can't win elections,' Boessenkool says. 'If we move from a three-party system to a two-party system, it is going to force the Conservatives to look at their coalition, because a 40 percent coalition won't be enough to build a government in the future.' And so it is likely that we will see a Canada that not only is less open to Americans and less inclined to advance U.S. interests but that also is economically and politically worse off than it otherwise could be thanks to the entrenchment of left-wing policies, which typically suffocate economic growth, dynamism, and entrepreneurship—a price that an already stagnant Canada can hardly afford to pay. And that's a strange bit of cosmopolitanism from the Trump gang: When it comes to helping conservatives to lose elections, Trump and his allies have not limited themselves to Wisconsin.
