Latest news with #Bougainville
RNZ News
a day ago
- Politics
- RNZ News
Bougainville independence talks underway at military camp near Christchurch
Photo: RNZ/Nathan McKinnon Bougainville independence talks have started just outside of Christchurch, in New Zealand's South Island, between the governments of Papua New Guinea and Bougainville. In 2019, 97.7 percent of Bougainvilleans voted for independence. The referendum, though mandated by the 2001 Peace Agreement, was not binding. Both governments are now debating the rules by which the results of a referendum on independence are tabled in parliament. The discussions at Christchurch's Burnham Military Camp focus on finalising the process to bring the referendum results before PNG's Parliament. Papua New Guinea Prime Minister James Marape called Burnham the spiritual home of the Bougainville peace process . The military camp hosted pivotal talks in 1997 that helped end the Bougainville civil war. Marape said the Era Kone Convenant committed both governments to present the referendum before PNG's parliament in 2025. Bougainville has stated that it expects to be independent by 1 September 2027. It has established a Constitution Commission and included it within the region's autonomous parliament. The Christchurch meetings are closed to the media. New Zealand's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade refused to share with RNZ Pacific a list of who will be attending the meeting.
RNZ News
5 days ago
- Politics
- RNZ News
Burnham Camp - the spiritual home of Bougainville peace process
ABG President Ishamel Toroama, sitting front (2nd left), with Sir Jerry Mateparae and PNG Prime Minister James Marape at the Joint Consultation Moderator Meeting. 17 March 2025 Photo: Autonomous Bougainville Government The Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea, James Marape, says next week's meeting involving the governments of PNG and Bougainville is a milestone in the ongoing post referendum consultations. In 2019 an overwhelming percentage of Bougainvilleans, 97.7 percent, voted for independence from PNG. The referendum, though mandated by the 2001 Peace Agreement, was not binding. The week of meetings is being held at New Zealand's Burnham army camp, near Christchurch. In a statement Marape said Burnham is widely regarded as the spiritual home of the Bougainville peace process, after the role it played in hosting talks in 1997 that led to a cease fire in the civil war and the eventual Peace Agreement. PNG Bougainville Premier Gerard Sinato signs the "Burnham Declaration" in 1997, which set in motion an end to the civil war. Photo: AFP He said the Burnham talks will focus on finalising the process to bring the referendum results before the National Parliament. Marape said the Era Kone Convenant committed both governments to present the referendum before parliament in 2025. He said these steps will determine how that happens and what constitutional steps must be followed and that this will be grounded in mutual respect, dialogue and the spirit of reconciliation. Teams of officials from both the PNG and Bougainville Governments were expected to arrive in Christchurch today.
RNZ News
6 days ago
- Politics
- RNZ News
PNG, Bougainville to talk independence in military camp near Christchurch, NZ
The launch of the Bougainville Digital Democracy Project is about empowering our citizens, said Bougainville President Ishamel Toroama. 25 March 2025 Photo: Autonomous Bougainville Government Talks between Papua New Guinea and Bougainville to decide on issues surrounding an independence referendum are to be held at Burnham military camp near Christchurch, New Zealand, this weekend. The moderator in the talks is former New Zealand governor-general Sir Jerry Mateparae, who sought to have the discussion at Burnham where critical talks in 1997 helped end the Bougainville civil war. The Burnham consultations will be conducted by Sir Jerry with the support of United Nations officials. The New Zealand Minister of Foreign Affairs, Winston Peters, said his government's involvement is to provide the venue and environment necessary for substantive discussions on Bougainville's political future. It is the third round of talks to try and resolve how the 2019 referendum results are tabled in the PNG parliament. The Bougainville government is strongly in support of independence from PNG and expects to achieve that status by 2027. Peters said reaching a mutually agreed outcome is important for Papua New Guinea, Bougainville, and the wider region, "s is upholding the integrity of the Bougainville Peace Agreement, to which New Zealand is a witnessing signatory".
ABC News
6 days ago
- Business
- ABC News
Bougainville wants independence. China's support for a controversial mine could pave the way
Bougainville, an autonomous archipelago currently part of Papua New Guinea, is determined to become the world's newest country. To support this process, it's offering foreign investors access to a long-shuttered copper and gold mine. Formerly owned by the Australian company Rio Tinto, the Panguna mine caused displacement and severe environmental damage when it operated between 1972 and 1989. It also sparked a decade-long civil war from 1988 to 1998 that killed an estimated 10,000 to 15,000 civilians and caused enduring traumas and divisions. Industry players believe 5.3 million tonnes of copper and 547 tonnes of gold remain at the site. This is attracting foreign interest, including from China. Australia views Bougainville as strategically important to its "inner security arc". The main island is about 1,500 kilometres from Queensland's Port Douglas. Given this, the possibility of China's increasing presence in Bougainville raises concerns about shifting allegiances and the potential for Beijing to exert greater influence over the region. A boy sits at the bottom of the Panguna mine in Bougainville, December 12, 2019. ( ABC News: Natalie Whiting ) Australia's tangled history in Bougainville Bougainville is a small island group in the South Pacific with a population of about 300,000. It consists of two main islands: Buka in the north and Bougainville Island in the south. Bougainville has a long history of unwanted interference from outsiders, including missionaries, plantation owners and colonial administrations (German, British, Japanese and Australian). Two weeks before Papua New Guinea received its independence from Australia in 1975, Bougainvilleans sought to split away, unilaterally declaring their own independence. This declaration was ignored in both Canberra and Port Moresby, but Bougainville was given a certain degree of autonomy to remain within the new nation of PNG. The opening of the Panguna mine in the 1970s further fractured relations between Australia and Bougainville. Landowners opposed the environmental degradation and limited revenues they received from the mine. The influx of foreign workers from Australia, PNG and China also led to resentment. Violent resistance grew, eventually halting mining operations and expelling almost all foreigners. Under the leadership of Francis Ona, the Bougainville Revolutionary Army (BRA) fought a long civil war to restore Bougainville to Me'ekamui, or the "Holy Land" it once was. Australia supported the PNG government's efforts to quell the uprising with military equipment, including weapons and helicopters. After the war ended, Australia helped broker the Bougainville Peace Agreement in 2001. Although aid programs have since begun to heal the rift between Australia and Bougainville, many Bougainvilleans feel Canberra continues to favour PNG's territorial integrity. Protesters at a roadblock on the access road to the Panguna mine, Bougainville in 2016. ( ABC News: Eric Tlozek ) In 2019, Bougainvilleans voted overwhelmingly for independence in a referendum. Australia's response, however, was ambiguous. Despite a slow and frustrating ratification process, Bougainvilleans remain adamant they will become independent by 2027. As Bougainville President Ishmael Toroama, a former BRA commander, told me in 2024: We are moving forward. And it's the people's vision: independence. I'm saying, no earlier than 2025, no later than 2027. My benchmark is 2026, the first of September. I will declare. No matter what happens. I will declare independence on our republican constitution. Major issues to overcome Bougainville leaders see the reopening of Panguna mine as key to financing independence. Bougainville Copper Limited, the Rio Tinto subsidiary that once operated the mine, backs this assessment. The Bougainville Autonomous Government has built its own gold refinery and hopes to create its own sovereign wealth fund to support independence. The mine would generate much-needed revenue, infrastructure and jobs for the new nation. Protesters at a roadblock to the Panguna mine in 2016. The disused mine has divided locals, some of whom have blocked access to the site over the years. ( ABC News: Eric Tlozek ) But reopening the mine would also require addressing the ongoing environmental and social issues it has caused. These include polluted rivers and water sources, landslides, flooding, chemical waste hazards, the loss of food security, displacement, and damage to sacred sites. Many of these issues have been exacerbated by years of small-scale alluvial mining by Bougainvilleans themselves, eroding the main road into Panguna. Some also worry reopening the mine could reignite conflict, as landowners are divided about the project. Mismanagement of royalties could also stoke social tensions. People dig for gold at the base of the Panguna gold and copper mine. ( ABC News: Natalie Whiting ) Violence related to competition over alluvial mining has already been increasing at the mine. More broadly, Bougainville is faced with widespread corruption and poor governance. The Bougainville government cannot deal with these complex issues on its own. Nor can it finance the infrastructure and development needed to reopen the mine. This is why it's seeking foreign investors. A group of children at the Bougainville Day celebrations in Port Moresby in 2019. ( ABC News: Natalie Whiting ) Open for business Historically, China has a strong interest in the region. According to Pacific researcher Anna Powles, Chinese efforts to build relationships with Bougainville's political elite have increased over the years. Chinese investors have offered development packages contingent on long-term mining revenues and Bougainville's independence. Bougainville is showing interest. Patrick Nisira, the minister for commerce, trade, industry and economic development, said last year the proposed Chinese infrastructure investment is "aligning perfectly with Bougainville's nationhood aspirations". The government has also reportedly made overtures to the United States, offering a military base in Bougainville in return for support reopening the mine. Given American demand for minerals, Bougainville could very well end up in the middle of a battle between China and the US over influence in the new nation, and thus in our region. The flag of Bougainville stands as a powerful symbol of cultural pride and the region's ongoing journey toward full independence from Papua New Guinea. ( Facebook: ABG ) Which path will Bougainville and Australia take? There is support in Bougainville for a future without large-scale mining. One minister, Geraldine Paul, has been promoting the islands' booming cocoa industry and fisheries to support an independent Bougainville. The new nation will also need new laws to hold the government accountable and protect the people and culture of Bougainville. As Paul told me in 2024: […]the most important thing is we need to make sure that we invest in our foundation and that's building our family and culture. Everything starts from there. What happens in Bougainville affects Australia and the broader security dynamics in the Indo-Pacific. With September 1, 2026 just around the corner, it is time for Australia to intensify its diplomatic and economic relationships with Bougainville to maintain regional stability. Anna-Karina Hermkens, Senior Lecturer and Researcher, Anthropology, Macquarie University. This piece first appeared on The Conversation.
RNZ News
26-05-2025
- Politics
- RNZ News
Bougainvilleans urged to register to vote as voter enrolment kicks-off
Bougainville electoral commissioner Desmond Tsianai says most constituencies in the North Bougainville Region are currently conducting the voter enrolment update exercise. 26 May 2025 Photo: Office of the Bougainville Electoral Commissioner - OBEC The Office of the Bougainville Electoral Commissioner (OBEC) has begun the formal process of voter registration and enrolment in the North Bougainville region. Bougainvilleans are set to head to the polls on 2 September. In a statement on Monday, OBEC said excpet for the Atolls and Nissan constituencies, for which voter enrolment dates are yet be confirmed, other parts of the North Bougainville region are currently in the process of updating their electoral rolls within the constituencies. "So far, we are currently conducting the voter enrolment exercise in Haku, Halia, Hagogohe, Tsitalato, Peit, Tonsu, Selau, Suir, Toanita Teop, Toanita Tinputz, Mahari, Teua and Kerieka Constituencies in the North Bougainville region," Electoral commissioner Desmond Tsianai said. "Our enrolment training teams are currently in the South Bougainville region conducting trainings for Ward Enrolment Agents who are the Community Government Ward Recorders and these individuals will be conducting voter enrolment update exercises soon after the trainings are done, as was with the Constituencies mentioned above in the North Bougainville region," he said. Tsianai said that after the enrolment team completes the enrolment trainings in the South Bougainville Region, they will then move on to Central Bougainville. Soon after trainings have been completed for Central, Ward Enrolment Agents will be conducting the voter enrolment update exercise while the team will continue on to Atolls and Nissan Constituencies. Tsianai is urging all Bougainvilleans who meet the voter enrolment eligibility criteria to enroll to vote. He said it is important that every eligible voter must make sure that their details are accurately written and that they must request for an update if needed. "Voting is a democratic right and in order for you to exercise your democratic right, you as a voter must make sure that your name is on the electoral roll," he said. "If your name is not on the electoral roll during polling, you can not be allowed to cast your vote, and therefore, it is very important that you get yourself enrolled during the voter enrolment exercise." Voter enrolment activities will end on 7 July, which is the date set for the issue of the writ for the 2025 Bougainville General Elections.
