02-07-2025
Your morning coffee 'flips an ancient switch' to help you live longer
Caffeine appears to do more than perk you up - it actually helps cells cope with stress and energy shortages, according to scientists.
We all have our morning routine, and flicking on the kettle or revving up the coffee machine to indulge in our first cup of the day might feature in yours. The caffeine hit could seem inconsequential to our larger wellbeing.
However, your morning coffee might do more than wake you up. Scientists have revealed that the beverage actually flips an ancient longevity switch that could lead to better health and a longer life.
A new study from the Cellular Ageing and Senescence laboratory at Queen Mary University of London's Centre for Molecular Cell Biology, reveals how caffeine could play a role in slowing down the ageing process at a cellular level.
Dr John-Patrick Alao, the postdoctoral research scientist leading this study, said: "These findings help explain why caffeine might be beneficial for health and longevity.
"They open up exciting possibilities for future research into how we might trigger these effects more directly, with diet, lifestyle, or new medicines."
Caffeine has long been linked to potential health benefits. But how it works inside our cells, and what exactly are its connections with nutrient and stress responsive gene and protein networks has remained a mystery. Until now.
In new research published by scientists studying fission yeast - a single-celled organism surprisingly similar to human cells - researchers found that caffeine affects ageing by tapping into an ancient cellular energy system.
A few years ago, the same research team found that caffeine helps cells live longer by acting on a growth regulator called TOR (Target of Rapamycin).
TOR is a biological switch that tells cells when to grow, based on how much food and energy is available. This switch has been controlling energy and stress responses in living things for over 500 million years.
But in their latest study, the scientists made a surprising discovery - caffeine doesn't act on this growth switch directly. Instead, it works by activating another important system called AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).
This is a cellular fuel gauge that is evolutionarily conserved in yeast and humans.
"When your cells are low on energy, AMPK kicks in to help them cope," Dr Charalampos (Babis) Rallis, the study's senior author, explained. "And our results show that caffeine helps flip that switch."
Interestingly, AMPK is also the target of metformin, a common diabetes drug that's being studied for its potential to extend human lifespan together with rapamycin.
Using their yeast model, the researchers showed that caffeine's effect on AMPK influences how cells grow, repair their DNA, and respond to stress, all of which are tied to ageing and disease.
So, the next time you reach for your coffee, you might be doing more than keeping your mind sharp.
You could also be giving your cells a helping hand.
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