5 days ago
Will I grow up to be obese?
The research team found that their tool could successfully predict weight gain from the age of two and a half years up to adolescence. — dpa
A tool that can measure a child's risk of becoming obese in later life has been created by scientists.
It is hoped that the new resource will one day mean that those at highest risk will get targeted support to prevent them from becoming obese in the first place.
The tool, which assesses a person's genetic risk of obesity, works twice as well as any other obesity risk predictor, the academics said.
As well as identifying children at risk of obesity, it can also predict how well obese adults will respond to targeted weight-loss programmes.
The scientists used detail on genetic variations from more than five million people to create a tool called a polygenic risk score, which analyses people's genetics to work out their risk of developing obesity.
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The tool could explain 17.6% of variation in body mass index (BMI) score from people in Britain, they found.
The team, led by academics at the universities of Copenhagen in Denmark and Bristol in Britain, tested whether the risk score was associated with obesity using datasets of the physical and genetic characteristics of more than 500,000 people.
This included checking the tool on people taking part in the Children of the 90s study – a long-term study in Bristol tracking families as children age.
They found that it could successfully predict weight gain during childhood – from the age of just two and a half years old – through to adolescence.
'Overall, these data show that polygenic scores have the potential to improve obesity prediction, particularly when implemented early in life,' the researchers wrote in the journal Nature Medicine .
Study lead author and University of Copenhagen assistant professor Dr Roelof Smit said: 'What makes the score so powerful is the consistency of associations between the genetic score and body mass index before the age of five and through to adulthood – timing that starts well before other risk factors start to shape their weight later in childhood.
'Intervening at this point could theoretically make a huge impact.'
He said that BMI is not a good predictor for a child's obesity risk in later life, but the genetic predictor can offer insight into the risk from early years.
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'Essentially, it's fixed at conception already very early in life – you're able to essentially quantify what someone's innate predisposition is for BMI.
"So, being able to say something about someone's innate biology for obesity risk,' he said.
Meanwhile, the research team also looked at people taking part in 'intensive lifestyle intervention' programmes.
People with a higher risk score lost more weight, but were also more likely to regain it.
Assist Prof Smit added: 'There is a huge amount of variation in how people respond to these interventions.
'What we observed was the higher someone's score was, the more they tended to respond to the intervention – people who had a higher score tended to lose more weight in the first year.
'And we also saw that people who had the higher scores tended to gain more weight.'
Study second author and University of Bristol associate professor in epidemiology Dr Kaitlin Wade said: 'Obesity is a major public health issue, with many factors contributing to its development, including genetics, environment, lifestyle and behaviour.
'These factors likely vary across a person's life, and we believe that some of these originate in childhood.
'We were delighted to contribute data from the Children of the 90s study to this exceptional and insightful research into the genetic architecture of obesity.
'We hope this work will contribute to detecting individuals at high risk of developing obesity at an earlier age, which could have a vast clinical and public health impact in the future.' – PA Media/dpa
