Latest news with #Close
CNBC
10-07-2025
- Business
- CNBC
Investors can snap up yields near 10-year highs in this high-quality, tax-free play, says Nuveen
Investors looking for a great entry point in municipal bonds can find it in water revenue issues, according to Nuveen. The muni market, in general, has been the worst-performing fixed-income asset class so far this year through the second quarter, said Dan Close, head of municipals at Nuveen. That has created a unique opportunity to nab the bonds at bargain prices — with yields that are approaching 10-year highs, he said. Yields move inversely to prices, so the market's recent weakness equates to higher yields. For instance, an AA-rated water revenue bond from New York City Water Finance Authority that has a 4.75% tax free yield equals a taxable equivalent yield of about 10.6% for residents in the highest tax bracket, Close said. Water revenue bonds are primarily AA-rated obligations, he noted. They generally finance projects related to water infrastructure like water treatment plants and pipelines. "You're approaching equity-like returns for what some would argue is the safest sector in municipals," Close said in an interview with CNBC. "This sector, historically, has had one of the lowest default instances in the municipal space." As essential service monopoly bonds, they are minimally affected by tariffs and economic slowdowns, he added. "If these essential service monopolies that are super low defaults are going in and producing these outsized yields, now might be an opportunity to take a look at water and sewer and, by extension, the entire municipal asset class," he said. FLAAX YTD mountain Nuveen All-American Municipal Bond Fund in 2025. Nuveen's All American Municipal Bond Fund holds water revenue munis, including those issued by the Great Lakes Water Authority. A-shares of the fund have a 30-day SEC yield of 4.07% and a 0.76% gross expense ratio. The Nuveen Intermediate Duration Municipal Bond Fund also holds water revenue bonds from issuers such as Honolulu City and County. The fund's A-shares have a 3.11% 30-day SEC yield and a 0.65% gross expense ratio. $1.2 trillion investment needed The country's deteriorating infrastructure and the remediation of " forever chemicals" such as perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl , or PFAS, from drinking water are going to drive bond issuance in the sector, Close said. "Aging systems can pose serious public safety risks, from frequent water main breaks to lead contamination and waterborne disease," he wrote in a recent note . Some $1.2 trillion in investments over the next 20 years are needed to address these infrastructure concerns, according to reports from the Environmental Protection Agency . On top of that, remediation of PFAS from drinking water needs to be funded, Close told CNBC. PFAS comes from products like nonstick cookware or certain food packaging and don't easily break down in the environment or, if ingested, in bodies. "It's going to impact 15% of utilities in the United States," he said. "This alone to remediate this new risk is going to cost between $40 and $90 billion." The EPA finalized rules last year requiring utilities to reduce exposure to PFAS in drinking water. But last month the agency said it will weaken limits on some of the chemicals. Shorter term, a less-aggressive EPA may make the metrics look better for utilities as future capital plans get pushed out, Close noted. "[However], you have to continue to invest in your infrastructure in order to be able to meet the growing needs of delivering water and sewer [services] to the average household," he said. Meanwhile, water scarcity is a challenge in the West and Southwest, Close said. That means investments in projects to recycle, desalinate and conserve water, he noted. For instance, the Southern California Metropolitan Water District has been facing supply constraints thanks to ongoing droughts, he pointed out. It plans to build a multi-billion dollar water recycling plant , along with its partner the Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts. It has already accumulated $1.6 billion in funds and plans to finance the remaining amount with grants, internal funds and municipal bond issuance, Close said. Finding opportunities When choosing water revenue bonds, Close considers a number of factors, including issuer's financial liquidity, which he measures by the cash it has on hand. He also looks at how much debt the issuer has, as well the affordability of its services — the water rates versus the demographic profile of the population. In addition, he looks at projected capital plans. For instance, whether the issuer is subject to future PFAS remediation. "If you are, you might have to go in and take on enough debt that you might have some stress on your current credit ratings," he said. However, for an investor who does his homework, the rewards are there, he said.
The Advertiser
08-07-2025
- Climate
- The Advertiser
'Toxic to anything with gills': algal bloom spreading
A massive, toxic algal bloom that has killed thousands of fish, sharks and marine animals has spread to a capital city river. The bloom of the microalgae, karenia mikimotoi, was identified off South Australia's Fleurieu Peninsula in March, and grew to more than 4400 sq km, close to the size of Kangaroo Island. It has been breaking up in recent weeks, spreading north into Spencer Gulf, south into the Coorong wetlands and along Adelaide's beaches in Gulf St Vincent. SA Environment Minister Susan Close said the "devastating" bloom had now been detected in Adelaide's Port River. "Karenia mikimotoi has appeared in the Port River and is at reasonably high concentrations around Garden Island and Outer Harbour," she told reporters on Tuesday. "Nothing near like the concentrations that we saw at the beginning of this bloom ... but nonetheless elevated amounts." Ms Close said the algae had killed tens of thousands of marine animals from almost 400 species, and authorities were concerned some may be wiped out in the region. "Although not toxic to humans, it is toxic to anything with gills and anything that seeks to breathe underwater, and we have seen just the beginnings of the extent of the devastation that's occurred under the sea," she said. SA Primary Industries and Regional Development Minister Clare Scriven said the government had started talks with the Commonwealth about recovery assistance. It is not possible for the federal government to declare the incident a national disaster because the definition does not currently include algal blooms, she said. The SA government announced backdated licence fee relief for commercial fishers, aquaculture and charter boat operators impacted by the bloom. About $500,000 worth of fees will be waived to help operators, with a promise that more help will be available if needed. SA Professional Fishers Association chair Ben Barnes said some fishers reported seeing "absolute destruction of the environment" and the industry was yet to see the worst of the disaster. "It will be a recurring thing that we just won't know for the next five to six years," he said. "The extent of the devastation is unknown ... it will have an effect on larvae and eggs and production." Experts believe there are three potential contributing factors causing the bloom. One is a marine heatwave that started in September 2024, with sea temperatures about 2.5C warmer than usual, combined with calm conditions, light winds and small swells. Another is the 2022/23 River Murray flood that washed extra nutrients into the sea. That was followed by an unprecedented cold-water upwelling in summer of 2023/24 that brought nutrient-rich water to the surface. A massive, toxic algal bloom that has killed thousands of fish, sharks and marine animals has spread to a capital city river. The bloom of the microalgae, karenia mikimotoi, was identified off South Australia's Fleurieu Peninsula in March, and grew to more than 4400 sq km, close to the size of Kangaroo Island. It has been breaking up in recent weeks, spreading north into Spencer Gulf, south into the Coorong wetlands and along Adelaide's beaches in Gulf St Vincent. SA Environment Minister Susan Close said the "devastating" bloom had now been detected in Adelaide's Port River. "Karenia mikimotoi has appeared in the Port River and is at reasonably high concentrations around Garden Island and Outer Harbour," she told reporters on Tuesday. "Nothing near like the concentrations that we saw at the beginning of this bloom ... but nonetheless elevated amounts." Ms Close said the algae had killed tens of thousands of marine animals from almost 400 species, and authorities were concerned some may be wiped out in the region. "Although not toxic to humans, it is toxic to anything with gills and anything that seeks to breathe underwater, and we have seen just the beginnings of the extent of the devastation that's occurred under the sea," she said. SA Primary Industries and Regional Development Minister Clare Scriven said the government had started talks with the Commonwealth about recovery assistance. It is not possible for the federal government to declare the incident a national disaster because the definition does not currently include algal blooms, she said. The SA government announced backdated licence fee relief for commercial fishers, aquaculture and charter boat operators impacted by the bloom. About $500,000 worth of fees will be waived to help operators, with a promise that more help will be available if needed. SA Professional Fishers Association chair Ben Barnes said some fishers reported seeing "absolute destruction of the environment" and the industry was yet to see the worst of the disaster. "It will be a recurring thing that we just won't know for the next five to six years," he said. "The extent of the devastation is unknown ... it will have an effect on larvae and eggs and production." Experts believe there are three potential contributing factors causing the bloom. One is a marine heatwave that started in September 2024, with sea temperatures about 2.5C warmer than usual, combined with calm conditions, light winds and small swells. Another is the 2022/23 River Murray flood that washed extra nutrients into the sea. That was followed by an unprecedented cold-water upwelling in summer of 2023/24 that brought nutrient-rich water to the surface. A massive, toxic algal bloom that has killed thousands of fish, sharks and marine animals has spread to a capital city river. The bloom of the microalgae, karenia mikimotoi, was identified off South Australia's Fleurieu Peninsula in March, and grew to more than 4400 sq km, close to the size of Kangaroo Island. It has been breaking up in recent weeks, spreading north into Spencer Gulf, south into the Coorong wetlands and along Adelaide's beaches in Gulf St Vincent. SA Environment Minister Susan Close said the "devastating" bloom had now been detected in Adelaide's Port River. "Karenia mikimotoi has appeared in the Port River and is at reasonably high concentrations around Garden Island and Outer Harbour," she told reporters on Tuesday. "Nothing near like the concentrations that we saw at the beginning of this bloom ... but nonetheless elevated amounts." Ms Close said the algae had killed tens of thousands of marine animals from almost 400 species, and authorities were concerned some may be wiped out in the region. "Although not toxic to humans, it is toxic to anything with gills and anything that seeks to breathe underwater, and we have seen just the beginnings of the extent of the devastation that's occurred under the sea," she said. SA Primary Industries and Regional Development Minister Clare Scriven said the government had started talks with the Commonwealth about recovery assistance. It is not possible for the federal government to declare the incident a national disaster because the definition does not currently include algal blooms, she said. The SA government announced backdated licence fee relief for commercial fishers, aquaculture and charter boat operators impacted by the bloom. About $500,000 worth of fees will be waived to help operators, with a promise that more help will be available if needed. SA Professional Fishers Association chair Ben Barnes said some fishers reported seeing "absolute destruction of the environment" and the industry was yet to see the worst of the disaster. "It will be a recurring thing that we just won't know for the next five to six years," he said. "The extent of the devastation is unknown ... it will have an effect on larvae and eggs and production." Experts believe there are three potential contributing factors causing the bloom. One is a marine heatwave that started in September 2024, with sea temperatures about 2.5C warmer than usual, combined with calm conditions, light winds and small swells. Another is the 2022/23 River Murray flood that washed extra nutrients into the sea. That was followed by an unprecedented cold-water upwelling in summer of 2023/24 that brought nutrient-rich water to the surface. A massive, toxic algal bloom that has killed thousands of fish, sharks and marine animals has spread to a capital city river. The bloom of the microalgae, karenia mikimotoi, was identified off South Australia's Fleurieu Peninsula in March, and grew to more than 4400 sq km, close to the size of Kangaroo Island. It has been breaking up in recent weeks, spreading north into Spencer Gulf, south into the Coorong wetlands and along Adelaide's beaches in Gulf St Vincent. SA Environment Minister Susan Close said the "devastating" bloom had now been detected in Adelaide's Port River. "Karenia mikimotoi has appeared in the Port River and is at reasonably high concentrations around Garden Island and Outer Harbour," she told reporters on Tuesday. "Nothing near like the concentrations that we saw at the beginning of this bloom ... but nonetheless elevated amounts." Ms Close said the algae had killed tens of thousands of marine animals from almost 400 species, and authorities were concerned some may be wiped out in the region. "Although not toxic to humans, it is toxic to anything with gills and anything that seeks to breathe underwater, and we have seen just the beginnings of the extent of the devastation that's occurred under the sea," she said. SA Primary Industries and Regional Development Minister Clare Scriven said the government had started talks with the Commonwealth about recovery assistance. It is not possible for the federal government to declare the incident a national disaster because the definition does not currently include algal blooms, she said. The SA government announced backdated licence fee relief for commercial fishers, aquaculture and charter boat operators impacted by the bloom. About $500,000 worth of fees will be waived to help operators, with a promise that more help will be available if needed. SA Professional Fishers Association chair Ben Barnes said some fishers reported seeing "absolute destruction of the environment" and the industry was yet to see the worst of the disaster. "It will be a recurring thing that we just won't know for the next five to six years," he said. "The extent of the devastation is unknown ... it will have an effect on larvae and eggs and production." Experts believe there are three potential contributing factors causing the bloom. One is a marine heatwave that started in September 2024, with sea temperatures about 2.5C warmer than usual, combined with calm conditions, light winds and small swells. Another is the 2022/23 River Murray flood that washed extra nutrients into the sea. That was followed by an unprecedented cold-water upwelling in summer of 2023/24 that brought nutrient-rich water to the surface.
Perth Now
04-07-2025
- Climate
- Perth Now
Algal bloom turns coast into a 'marine graveyard'
A massive, unstoppable, toxic algal bloom that has turned beaches into "marine graveyards" has prompted calls for a federal investigation. The microalgae, karenia mikimotoi, was identified off South Australia's Fleurieu Peninsula in March. The bloom grew to an unprecedented scale, close to the size of Kangaroo Island, at more than 4400 sq km, and as deep as 25m. It's now breaking up and has spread into most of Gulf St Vincent, including along Adelaide's beaches and south into the Coorong wetlands. There have been hundreds of reports of marine deaths, ranging from sharks and penguins to popular fishing species such as flathead, squid, crabs, and rock lobsters. Greens senator Sarah Hanson-Young said the bloom was a horrific and heartbreaking "environmental catastrophe". "When parliament resumes in two weeks time in Canberra, I will be moving for a federal parliamentary inquiry," she told reporters on Friday. "We need proper investigation and proper federal support." Beaches have become "graveyards" for marine species, and the fishing and tourism industries have been significantly impacted, she said. Ms Hanson-Young claimed the federal government ignored warnings about the algae before it took hold. "It is very concerning that the country's leading marine scientists have been ignored and dismissed," she said. Experts believe there are three potential plausible contributing factors causing the bloom, the SA government said. One is a marine heatwave that started in September 2024, with sea temperatures about 2.5°C warmer than usual, combined with calm conditions, light winds and small swells. Another is the 2022-23 River Murray flood washing extra nutrients into the sea and an unprecedented cold-water upwelling in summer 2023-24 that brought nutrient-rich water to the surface. SA Environment Minister Susan Close said the bloom had lasted longer than experts thought it would. "Now that it's here, it's going to be hard to get rid of," she said. "It's easy to feel helpless, because the bloom itself is something that we can't stop." The SA government met with impacted commercial fishers, tourism operators and local councils about support packages. "It's been very, very distressing for people, and it's affected people's livelihoods," Ms Close said. The state government is also starting work on a recovery plan. This could include creating artificial reefs to help build up marine life, restocking fish into the ocean and increasing the number of marine sanctuary zones along the coast. "Although we're looking forward to the end of this experience, we cannot assume it's the last time we've had it," Ms Close said. Karenia mikimotoi is in SA's waterways and waiting to come back to life when conditions are right, she said. "This is what climate change means." OzFish previously said more than 200 species of fish, sharks and other marine creatures had been killed by the algae bloom. This includes rarely encountered deepwater sharks and leafy sea dragons, and recreational fishing species like flathead, squid, crabs, and rock lobsters. Karenia mikimotoi is toxic to fish and invertebrates but does not cause long-term harmful effects in humans. But, exposure to discoloured or foamy water can cause short-term skin or eye irritation and respiratory symptoms, including coughing or shortness of breath. The last large event of this type of algae recorded in SA was at Coffin Bay in 2014.
Spectator
02-07-2025
- Science
- Spectator
The race against Hitler to build the first nuclear bomb
Ettore Majorana vanished in March 1938. According to Frank Close in Destroyer of Worlds, the 31-year-old Sicilian physicist 'probably understood more nuclear physics theory than anyone in the world', and was hailed by Enrico Fermi as a 'magician', in the elevated company of Newton and Galileo. Majorana was also an ardent fascist; yet he was haunted by the destructive potential of his work on mapping the nucleus. His disappearance – perhaps a suicide; more likely a new, incognito life in South America – has been related to an anguished remark he made to a colleague: 'Physics has taken a bad turn. We have all taken a bad turn.' Majorana is just one arresting character in a bustling cast of scientists whose 50-year pursuit of knowledge – a chain reaction of discoveries starting in 1895 with Wilhelm Roentgen's X-rays – led ineluctably to the atomic bomb. Close's ensemble drama is a powerful corrective to the myth of the solitary genius. He notes that Fermi's 1934 papers on irradiating elements pioneered the now standard practice of crediting multiple authors: 'Here for the first time was teamwork, a new way of doing science in increasingly large collaborations.' Unusually, many of the key players were women, among them Lise Meitner, Ida Noddack and Irène Joliot-Curie. Close convenes these fascinating personalities so deftly that when a group photograph of the atomic all-stars at the 1933 Solvay conference appears halfway through the book it is electrifying. The dream team assembles. An eminent theoretical physicist, Close walks us step by step through what he calls the 'Third Industrial Revolution'. Despite his best efforts, I cannot honestly claim to have followed all the physics, but I did understand the scientific method like never before. Insistent on the role of luck, he argues that the great breakthroughs happened when 'chance made the revelation to prepared minds'. But even the greatest mind can't be prepared for everything. Every titan of physics has been waylaid at some point by a missed connection, dead end or overconfident prediction. The best scientists, then, delight in being proved wrong. The discovery of nuclear fission in December 1938 (typically, one pair of physicists achieved the splitting of a uranium nucleus but it took another duo to identify what had happened) astounded both Fermi and Niels Bohr, who smacked his forehead and exclaimed: 'Oh what idiots we have all been not to have seen this before! This is wonderful!' Self-criticism mingled with elation. Ego bowed before knowledge. H.G. Wells had imagined and named the atomic bomb as far back as 1913, based on the speculations of the radiochemist Frederick Soddy. With the arrival of fission, it suddenly left the realm of theory and fiction. In geopolitical terms, the timing could not have been worse. Close's stirring tale of a largely amicable international effort to unravel the secrets of the atom becomes a race against Hitler to build the first bomb. 'If it is not made in America this year,' wrote C.P. Snow in 1939, 'it may be next year in Germany.' As Close observes, had it not been for 'fear of an imminent collapse of society to fascism, nuclear power rather than nuclear weapons would have led the way'. The human drama accelerates at this point, too. The Manhattan Project relied on so many refugees from fascism that after Hiroshima the New York Times ran the startling headline 'Thanks to Hitler'. Fermi fled to the US straight from his Nobel Prize ceremony in 1938 and proceeded to conduct the world's first nuclear chain reaction, while Otto Frisch and Rudolf Peierls, both German Jews, sketched out the possibility of a uranium-235 bomb in Nissen huts in Birmingham. Their revelation, which put the UK in the nuclear vanguard but without the money to do much about it, spooked the physicist James Chadwick so badly that he became addicted to sleeping pills. The bomb was necessary; the bomb was horrifying. The depth of Close's knowledge throws up surprises even if you know the territory. While he races through the Manhattan Project in a dozen pages and barely mentions J. Robert Oppenheimer (perhaps he's had enough attention), Close shines a light on less familiar figures such as Ernest Rutherford's protégé Henry Moseley, who established the concept of atomic numbers shortly before dying at Gallipoli; Klaus Fuchs, the atomic spy who played a crucial role in the nuclear programmes of three different countries; and the French banker Jacques Allier, who spirited Europe's largest stockpile of heavy water (an essential moderator for nuclear reactors) out of Norway just weeks before the Nazi invasion by filling a second plane with dummy canisters. Close has an abundant supply of thrills, tragedy and gratifying trivia. It may not be consequential that Bohr used to be a top goalkeeper in the Danish football league but it's fun to know. A book in which it feels as if someone is winning a Nobel Prize on every other page closes elegantly with three Nobels that illuminate the fusion of science and politics. The fission pioneer Otto Hahn learned of his physics prize from reading the Daily Telegraph while he was interned in Cambridge-shire for his role in the Nazi bomb programme. Joseph Rotblat, the only scientist to quit the Manhattan Project on ethical grounds, and Andrei Sakharov, who spent the rest of his life atoning for giving Stalin the hydrogen bomb, were never honoured for their scientific work but for trying to correct physics's 'bad turn'. They won their prizes for peace.
Forbes
01-07-2025
- Business
- Forbes
Fix It: How Right To Repair Laws And Communities Are Eliminating Waste
getty You break it, you buy it. But what if you can't buy the parts needed to fix it in the first place? That is the very simplified dilemma that Right to Repair laws are trying to address all over the country—making it the manufacturers job to provide the tools necessary to fix their products instead of forcing one to just throw them away and buy brand new. The Waste Loop has more than just power tools, as seen here, and helps patrons mend clothing and other fabrics. Waste Loop 'The Right to Repair is a global movement pushing for broad and public access to the knowledge, tools, and material components necessary to repair and keep our items in use and out of the landfill,' explained Amanda Close, of Leavenworth, WA. Close is the education and outreach manager at Waste Loop, a non-profit organization in Washington that aims to help transform waste and refuse into useable materials and also staffing a tool library. She is a proponent for these legal protections, as they would also help eliminate large-scale waste when products break. In New York, there are currently two bills in motion for 2025, according to the state section of the Right to Repair site. Bill S04655 which would address home appliances and bill S04500 which would address powered wheelchairs. These laws, and the many like it nationwide, would force manufacturers to make certain parts, instruction manuals, and tools needed for common repairs available, as well as extend warranties. In regard to the wheelchair bill in particular, it also calls for all wheelchair repairs needed within 5 years of initial prescription to be deemed medically necessary. People at the Waste Loop in Washington State can bring their old items and, using the tool library, repair them right on site. Waste Loop 'In Washington State our legislature just passed a Right to Repair [for] personal electronic devices and Right to Repair wheelchairs bills this year, which is an exciting step,' said Close. 'The California right to repair law, which came into effect last year, has had a big impact on Right to Repair nationally since California is the most populous state and has the largest economy.' In addition to lobbying for legislation and donating to the cause, there has also been a cultural shift when it comes to repairing items at home, or in many cities, at a brick-and-mortar 'cafe' of sorts — not only mending the items but stitching together a community of likeminded individuals who support sustainability. 'The public can write to their state and federal elected representatives in support of current or future Right to Repair legislation,' suggested Close as to what we can do to help support the movement. 'Also, look up or start local repair cafes, fix-it fairs or similar repair events happening in the city or region to join the local repair movement. Sharing knowledge, skills, and simply adapting a repair mindset goes a long way—repair over replace!' What is a repair cafe or a tool library? Luke Dixon, store and salvage manager and Beryl Bils, outreach and tool library manager are employees at the Waste Loop, helping the organization thrive. Waste Loop In short, these community-driven third spaces are the way that folks have been responding to the growing need to repair their own items and can also be a place for learning new skills or finding a useful hobby like carpentry, sewing and more. Repair cafes and tool libraries are typically non-profit organizations, like the Waste Loop, that function due to community efforts and volunteers. In New York there is only one repair cafe in the city: Repair Cafe El Barrio in Harlem. 'Repair Cafe El Barrio is part of the global repair cafe movement, which began in Amsterdam in 2009,' said founder Rocio Salceda. 'Since then, it has grown to include nearly 3,000 repair cafes around the world, and as of now, we're still the first and only one in New York City. Our mission is simple: to bring people together, reduce waste and empower our community by fixing broken items rather than throwing them away.' Salceda, who is also a fashion designer, helps teach attendees how to sew with sewing machines she brings to the space to share. There are also other volunteers and shared tools for use in El Barrio, held in the Harlem Artspace building once a month. Attendance is free and the repair cafe is completely community-led, with the next opening on August 3 from 11am to 2pm. Participants at the repair cafe can bring in their broken items, like this camera, and receive help and tools to fix it themselves, free of charge. Rocio Salceda Across the boroughs from El Barrio, there is one free tool library in New York, backed by the Brooklyn Public Library system. Held out of the Greenpoint Brooklyn branch, the tool library allows you to check out power tools and other items for a week at a time, similar to a library book. The project is another way communities are coming together to support a sustainable future. 'In a place like New York, where space is tight and not everyone can afford or store a full set of tools, something like [a tool library] can be super useful,' said Salceda. 'It's all about sharing resources, which is really aligned with the spirit of the Repair Cafe—helping each other out, reducing waste, and making things more accessible.' Should you want to get involved, per the suggestion from Close and Salceda, check out the map on to find your local advocacy group, inquire at local libraries and community centers about repair initiatives, or, just take a second look at your damaged items before heading straight to the dumpster. Especially during a heat wave, having a working fan (or two) can be a blessing. Rocio Salceda 'To me, Right to Repair is about having the freedom and the resources to fix the things we own—whether it's a phone, a toaster or a pair of jeans—instead of being forced to throw them away and buy new ones,' concluded Salceda. 'It's about access: access to tools, to parts and to knowledge. It's also about choice. We should be able to decide what happens to our stuff, and we should have the option to repair it ourselves or with the help of our community.' 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