Latest news with #Down'ssyndrome
Indian Express
20 hours ago
- Health
- Indian Express
Saiyaara shows early onset Alzheimer's in 22-year-old: Why this is extremely rare and cannot be generalised
Bollywood's latest film 'Saiyaara', a love story between a 22-year-old girl battling early onset Alzheimer's and an aspiring musician, may have hit the right emotional chords but its depiction of the neurodegenerative brain disorder is far from reality. Neurologists say early onset generally doesn't happen before 40 and definitive symptoms hardly manifest in a patient in their 20s and 30s. 'Alzheimer's Disease in your 20s is an extremely rare disorder, so rare that there may be a handful of cases in the world. Existing medical literature has nothing by way of Alzheimer's in the 20s and shows early onset to be mostly occurring in people in their 40s. A majority of Alzheimer's patients are 65-plus,' says Dr Shivakumar R, head and senior consultant, neurology, Manipal Hospital, Bengaluru. So the film's depiction of early onset of Alzheimer's is far removed from evidence-based science. What is Alzheimer's Disease? It is a neuro-degenerative brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills, and finally the ability to carry out even the simplest tasks and body functions. 'It happens because of clustering of a protein called beta-amyloid, which accumulates outside of nerve cells or neurons. Then there are tangles or twisted fibres of a protein called tau, which accumulates inside neurons. These disrupt normal brain function, leading to cell death and brain shrinkage,' says Dr Shivakumar. Almost everyone develops plaques and tangles as they age. But those with Alzheimer's Disease develop much more. One third of all neuro-degenerative conditions happen to be young-age Alzheimer's, according to Dr PN Renjen, senior neurologist at Apollo Hospital, Delhi. What triggers early or young onset Alzheimer's? That happens when you have a strong family history of the disease-causing gene, which means it has affected family members in multiple generations. 'A person can have early onset when they inherit the gene mutations from their parents. People living with Down's syndrome also carry the risk and may manifest Alzheimer's symptoms 10 to 20 years younger than the general population,' says Dr Shivakumar. What are the symptoms of early-onset Alzheimer disease? They tend to be atypical, ranging between headaches, aggressive behaviour, gait abnormalities and difficulty swallowing, not so much memory problems. 'Trouble solving basic problems, such as keeping track of bills, losing track of the date or time of year, repetitive questioning, difficulty finding words, disorientation, mood disorders and behavioural oddities are also potential early signs,' says Dr Renjen. How is early onset Alzheimer's diagnosed? Since doctors generally don't look for Alzheimer's in younger people, an accurate diagnosis may take a long time and appear confusing. 'Symptoms may be incorrectly attributed to stress or mental health conditions. Besides, there could be conflicting diagnoses by different doctors. Also, the disease affects each person differently and symptoms will vary accordingly,' says Dr Renjen. The current diagnosis of early-onset Alzheimer disease depends on finding quite a few signs of mental decline. Then there could be cognitive tests recommended by the neuropsychologist. Tests of blood, urine and spinal fluid are followed by imaging tests such as CT and MRI scans of your brain. 'Now studies are on to identify biomarkers, like proteins or other markers, that can indicate the presence of a disease,' says Dr Renjen. A study published in Neurology suggests that beta-amyloid plaques can start accumulating in the brain as early as the 20s. This accumulation may not immediately cause noticeable symptoms but could indicate an increased risk for later-onset Alzheimer's. How is early-onset Alzheimer disease treated? There is no cure but early detection means the neurologist can suggest medication to slow down disease progression. Diet, exercise, sleep, cardiovascular and diabetes treatments, antioxidants, and cognitive training are supportive therapies. The average life expectancy after early onset diagnosis is around eight to 10 years but this can go up, depending on individual factors and the progression of the disease.
Glasgow Times
20 hours ago
- Health
- Glasgow Times
Mother and daughter found dead months after 999 call ‘missed opportunity'
Nottingham Coroner's Court was told Alphonsine Djiako Leuga, 47, suffered from sickle cell anaemia and died from pneumonia, while her 18-year-old daughter Loraine Choulla had learning difficulties and Down's syndrome and relied on her mother for food and hydration. A inquest into the deaths, expected to last for five days, began on Monday with assistant coroner Amanda Bewley hearing that Ms Leuga called 999 three months before her body was found, telling a call hander she was cold and could not move. The hearing was told that during the call, made shortly after 1pm on February 2 last year, Ms Leuga groaned, requested an ambulance and said 'I need help to my daughter' and 'I'm in the bed, I feel cold and can't move' before cutting off the line. Police at the scene in May last year (Jacob King/PA) She also gave details of her address in Hartley Road, Radford, Nottingham, where her body and that of her daughter were found on May 21 last year. Giving evidence to the inquest, East Midlands Ambulance Service's head of patient safety, Susan Jevons said the call handler, an emergency medical adviser, should have referred the call to the control room despatch officers. Ms Jevons said attempts had been made to call Ms Leuga back, but she told the inquest: 'The call should have been left for an ambulance to attend once we had got the address, which we had. 'The ambulance didn't go to the address because the emergency medical adviser, thinking it was an abandoned call, closed the call down. 'So it wasn't visible to anybody within the emergency operations centre.' The coroner told Ms Jevons she would have to consider the possibility that sending an ambulance to the address 'might have been the difference between life or death' for Loraine. The inquest was told that Ms Leuga was admitted to hospital for a blood transfusion in late January last year as she was critically ill with very low iron levels, and was given a 'pragmatic' discharge linked to her daughter's care needs. The coroner asked Ms Jevons whether, if she found at the end of the inquest that Loraine had died after her mother, there had been a 'missed opportunity' in relation to the teenager's death. Ms Jevons responded: 'Yes, there was a missed opportunity for an ambulance to attend Alphonsine when she requested one.' The mother and daughter's home after their bodies were found (Jacob King/PA) Earlier, pathologist Dr Stuart Hamilton told the hearing by video-link that the mother and daughter were both likely to have been dead for 'weeks to months' before they were found, rather than for days or hours. Dr Hamilton said his initial cause of death following a post-mortem examination on Ms Leuga was pneumonia of uncertain cause, while her daughter's cause of death could not be established. Answering questions from the coroner, the pathologist said he could not rule out that Ms Leuga had died on the day of the 999 call. The body of Loraine, who the inquest was told was 'entirely dependent on her mother to meet her hydration and nutritional needs', showed no evidence of any third party involvement. Dr Hamilton said of the teenager: 'Unfortunately, based on the post-mortem examination and additional tests alone, it is my view that the cause of death is classed as unascertained – that is, I am not able to give a cause of death on the balance of probabilities.' Asked to comment on the possibility that Loraine's death may have been because of dehydration or malnutrition, Dr Hamilton answered: 'There is nothing in my findings that say any of that is incorrect.' Loraine was more likely to have died from dehydration than malnutrition, the witness said, if it was accepted that she 'wasn't able to make the decision to drink water' because of her difficulties. The inquest continues.
South Wales Argus
a day ago
- Health
- South Wales Argus
Mother and daughter found dead months after 999 call ‘missed opportunity'
Nottingham Coroner's Court was told Alphonsine Djiako Leuga, 47, suffered from sickle cell anaemia and died from pneumonia, while her 18-year-old daughter Loraine Choulla had learning difficulties and Down's syndrome and relied on her mother for food and hydration. A inquest into the deaths, expected to last for five days, began on Monday with assistant coroner Amanda Bewley hearing that Ms Leuga called 999 three months before her body was found, telling a call hander she was cold and could not move. The hearing was told that during the call, made shortly after 1pm on February 2 last year, Ms Leuga groaned, requested an ambulance and said 'I need help to my daughter' and 'I'm in the bed, I feel cold and can't move' before cutting off the line. Police at the scene in May last year (Jacob King/PA) She also gave details of her address in Hartley Road, Radford, Nottingham, where her body and that of her daughter were found on May 21 last year. Giving evidence to the inquest, East Midlands Ambulance Service's head of patient safety, Susan Jevons said the call handler, an emergency medical adviser, should have referred the call to the control room despatch officers. Ms Jevons said attempts had been made to call Ms Leuga back, but she told the inquest: 'The call should have been left for an ambulance to attend once we had got the address, which we had. 'The ambulance didn't go to the address because the emergency medical adviser, thinking it was an abandoned call, closed the call down. 'So it wasn't visible to anybody within the emergency operations centre.' The coroner told Ms Jevons she would have to consider the possibility that sending an ambulance to the address 'might have been the difference between life or death' for Loraine. The inquest was told that Ms Leuga was admitted to hospital for a blood transfusion in late January last year as she was critically ill with very low iron levels, and was given a 'pragmatic' discharge linked to her daughter's care needs. The coroner asked Ms Jevons whether, if she found at the end of the inquest that Loraine had died after her mother, there had been a 'missed opportunity' in relation to the teenager's death. Ms Jevons responded: 'Yes, there was a missed opportunity for an ambulance to attend Alphonsine when she requested one.' The mother and daughter's home after their bodies were found (Jacob King/PA) Earlier, pathologist Dr Stuart Hamilton told the hearing by video-link that the mother and daughter were both likely to have been dead for 'weeks to months' before they were found, rather than for days or hours. Dr Hamilton said his initial cause of death following a post-mortem examination on Ms Leuga was pneumonia of uncertain cause, while her daughter's cause of death could not be established. Answering questions from the coroner, the pathologist said he could not rule out that Ms Leuga had died on the day of the 999 call. The body of Loraine, who the inquest was told was 'entirely dependent on her mother to meet her hydration and nutritional needs', showed no evidence of any third party involvement. Dr Hamilton said of the teenager: 'Unfortunately, based on the post-mortem examination and additional tests alone, it is my view that the cause of death is classed as unascertained – that is, I am not able to give a cause of death on the balance of probabilities.' Asked to comment on the possibility that Loraine's death may have been because of dehydration or malnutrition, Dr Hamilton answered: 'There is nothing in my findings that say any of that is incorrect.' Loraine was more likely to have died from dehydration than malnutrition, the witness said, if it was accepted that she 'wasn't able to make the decision to drink water' because of her difficulties. The inquest continues.
Powys County Times
a day ago
- Health
- Powys County Times
Mother and daughter found dead months after 999 call ‘missed opportunity'
A 999 call made by a mother who was later found dead along with her 'entirely dependent' daughter led to no ambulance being sent despite the call handler being given their address and postcode, an inquest has heard. Nottingham Coroner's Court was told Alphonsine Djiako Leuga, 47, suffered from sickle cell anaemia and died from pneumonia, while her 18-year-old daughter Loraine Choulla had learning difficulties and Down's syndrome and relied on her mother for food and hydration. A inquest into the deaths, expected to last for five days, began on Monday with assistant coroner Amanda Bewley hearing that Ms Leuga called 999 three months before her body was found, telling a call hander she was cold and could not move. The hearing was told that during the call, made shortly after 1pm on February 2 last year, Ms Leuga groaned, requested an ambulance and said 'I need help to my daughter' and 'I'm in the bed, I feel cold and can't move' before cutting off the line. She also gave details of her address in Hartley Road, Radford, Nottingham, where her body and that of her daughter were found on May 21 last year. Giving evidence to the inquest, East Midlands Ambulance Service's head of patient safety, Susan Jevons said the call handler, an emergency medical adviser, should have referred the call to the control room despatch officers. Ms Jevons said attempts had been made to call Ms Leuga back, but she told the inquest: 'The call should have been left for an ambulance to attend once we had got the address, which we had. 'The ambulance didn't go to the address because the emergency medical adviser, thinking it was an abandoned call, closed the call down. 'So it wasn't visible to anybody within the emergency operations centre.' The coroner told Ms Jevons she would have to consider the possibility that sending an ambulance to the address 'might have been the difference between life or death' for Loraine. The inquest was told that Ms Leuga was admitted to hospital for a blood transfusion in late January last year as she was critically ill with very low iron levels, and was given a 'pragmatic' discharge linked to her daughter's care needs. The coroner asked Ms Jevons whether, if she found at the end of the inquest that Loraine had died after her mother, there had been a 'missed opportunity' in relation to the teenager's death. Ms Jevons responded: 'Yes, there was a missed opportunity for an ambulance to attend Alphonsine when she requested one.' Earlier, pathologist Dr Stuart Hamilton told the hearing by video-link that the mother and daughter were both likely to have been dead for 'weeks to months' before they were found, rather than for days or hours. Dr Hamilton said his initial cause of death following a post-mortem examination on Ms Leuga was pneumonia of uncertain cause, while her daughter's cause of death could not be established. Answering questions from the coroner, the pathologist said he could not rule out that Ms Leuga had died on the day of the 999 call. The body of Loraine, who the inquest was told was 'entirely dependent on her mother to meet her hydration and nutritional needs', showed no evidence of any third party involvement. Dr Hamilton said of the teenager: 'Unfortunately, based on the post-mortem examination and additional tests alone, it is my view that the cause of death is classed as unascertained – that is, I am not able to give a cause of death on the balance of probabilities.' Asked to comment on the possibility that Loraine's death may have been because of dehydration or malnutrition, Dr Hamilton answered: 'There is nothing in my findings that say any of that is incorrect.' Loraine was more likely to have died from dehydration than malnutrition, the witness said, if it was accepted that she 'wasn't able to make the decision to drink water' because of her difficulties.
Western Telegraph
a day ago
- Health
- Western Telegraph
Mother and daughter found dead months after 999 call ‘missed opportunity'
Nottingham Coroner's Court was told Alphonsine Djiako Leuga, 47, suffered from sickle cell anaemia and died from pneumonia, while her 18-year-old daughter Loraine Choulla had learning difficulties and Down's syndrome and relied on her mother for food and hydration. A inquest into the deaths, expected to last for five days, began on Monday with assistant coroner Amanda Bewley hearing that Ms Leuga called 999 three months before her body was found, telling a call hander she was cold and could not move. The hearing was told that during the call, made shortly after 1pm on February 2 last year, Ms Leuga groaned, requested an ambulance and said 'I need help to my daughter' and 'I'm in the bed, I feel cold and can't move' before cutting off the line. Police at the scene in May last year (Jacob King/PA) She also gave details of her address in Hartley Road, Radford, Nottingham, where her body and that of her daughter were found on May 21 last year. Giving evidence to the inquest, East Midlands Ambulance Service's head of patient safety, Susan Jevons said the call handler, an emergency medical adviser, should have referred the call to the control room despatch officers. Ms Jevons said attempts had been made to call Ms Leuga back, but she told the inquest: 'The call should have been left for an ambulance to attend once we had got the address, which we had. 'The ambulance didn't go to the address because the emergency medical adviser, thinking it was an abandoned call, closed the call down. 'So it wasn't visible to anybody within the emergency operations centre.' The coroner told Ms Jevons she would have to consider the possibility that sending an ambulance to the address 'might have been the difference between life or death' for Loraine. The inquest was told that Ms Leuga was admitted to hospital for a blood transfusion in late January last year as she was critically ill with very low iron levels, and was given a 'pragmatic' discharge linked to her daughter's care needs. The coroner asked Ms Jevons whether, if she found at the end of the inquest that Loraine had died after her mother, there had been a 'missed opportunity' in relation to the teenager's death. Ms Jevons responded: 'Yes, there was a missed opportunity for an ambulance to attend Alphonsine when she requested one.' The mother and daughter's home after their bodies were found (Jacob King/PA) Earlier, pathologist Dr Stuart Hamilton told the hearing by video-link that the mother and daughter were both likely to have been dead for 'weeks to months' before they were found, rather than for days or hours. Dr Hamilton said his initial cause of death following a post-mortem examination on Ms Leuga was pneumonia of uncertain cause, while her daughter's cause of death could not be established. Answering questions from the coroner, the pathologist said he could not rule out that Ms Leuga had died on the day of the 999 call. The body of Loraine, who the inquest was told was 'entirely dependent on her mother to meet her hydration and nutritional needs', showed no evidence of any third party involvement. Dr Hamilton said of the teenager: 'Unfortunately, based on the post-mortem examination and additional tests alone, it is my view that the cause of death is classed as unascertained – that is, I am not able to give a cause of death on the balance of probabilities.' Asked to comment on the possibility that Loraine's death may have been because of dehydration or malnutrition, Dr Hamilton answered: 'There is nothing in my findings that say any of that is incorrect.' Loraine was more likely to have died from dehydration than malnutrition, the witness said, if it was accepted that she 'wasn't able to make the decision to drink water' because of her difficulties. The inquest continues.
