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Health Line
3 days ago
- Business
- Health Line
Medicare Initial Enrollment Period: What to Know
Medicare has different enrollment periods throughout the year, where beneficiaries can join, drop, or switch insurance plans. For most people, the Medicare initial enrollment period (IEP) is their first chance to sign up for Medicare. The IEP occurs around the time a person turns 65 years old. Individuals with certain disabilities, end stage renal disease (ESRD), or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) can become eligible for Medicare before the age of 65 years. This article discusses when the Medicare IEP begins, when coverage starts, what plans you can enroll in, and more. When is the Medicare initial enrollment period? The Medicare IEP is a 7-month window around your 65th birthday. It begins 3 months before your birth month and ends 3 months after your birth month. For example, if a person turns 65 years old on December 15, their IEP would run from September 1 to March 31 the following year. However, if you're born on the first of the month, the timeframe is slightly different. Your IEP would begin 4 months before your birthday and end 2 months after your birth month. So, a person who turns 65 years old on December 1 would have an IEP that runs from August 1 to the last day of February the following year. The Social Security Administration (SSA) has a calculator you can use to determine the dates of your IEP. Coverage options during Medicare initial enrollment The IEP is a person's first opportunity to sign up for Original Medicare. Original Medicare includes Part A (inpatient hospital insurance) and Part B (outpatient medical insurance). After enrolling in Part A or Part B, a person may also enroll in a Part D prescription drug plan Finally, a person may opt to join a Medicare Advantage (Part C) plan during the IEP. However, to do this, they must first have Part A and Part B. Medicare Advantage plans are private plans that include additional benefits beyond those of Original Medicare. If you miss your IEP or choose not to enroll in Medicare when you first become eligible, you may face penalties in the form of higher premium payments when you enroll later. Start of coverage If you qualify for premium-free Part A, your coverage will begin on the first day of the month you turn 65 years old. For Part B (and Part A for those who need to pay the premium), when your coverage begins depends on when during the IEP you sign up for coverage. If you sign up before you turn 65 years old, coverage will start at the beginning of your birth month. Frequently asked questions about the Medicare initial enrollment period What is the date of the Medicare initial enrollment? The date of the Medicare initial enrollment period (IEP) varies depending on when you turn 65 years old. The IEP is a 7-month window that begins 3 months before your 65th birthday and ends 3 months after your birth month. The date of the Medicare initial enrollment period (IEP) varies depending on when you turn 65 years old. The IEP is a 7-month window that begins 3 months before your 65th birthday and ends 3 months after your birth month. How soon before my 65th birthday should I enroll in Medicare? If you would like your Medicare benefits to begin at the start of the month that you turn 65 years old, you should enroll in Medicare during the IEP in the 3 months preceding your birth month. If you enroll in Medicare during your birth month or in the 3 months that follow, your Medicare benefits will begin on the first day of the month after you submit your request. If you would like your Medicare benefits to begin at the start of the month that you turn 65 years old, you should enroll in Medicare during the IEP in the 3 months preceding your birth month. If you enroll in Medicare during your birth month or in the 3 months that follow, your Medicare benefits will begin on the first day of the month after you submit your request. Takeaway The Medicare IEP is the first opportunity for most people to enroll in Medicare. It's a 7-month period that occurs around a person's 65th birthday. The IEP is one of a few enrollment periods during which people can make changes to their Medicare coverage. Other enrollment periods include the Medicare open enrollment period, the Medicare Advantage open enrollment period, and special enrollment periods. During the IEP, a person can enroll in Original Medicare, Medicare Advantage, or Part D.
Health Line
20-05-2025
- Health
- Health Line
Causes of Pain in Renal (Kidney) Failure and Management Tips
Causes of pain Management Takeaway Most people with kidney failure experience pain, most often in their bones and muscles. But the pain is usually due to a complication of kidney failure. It may also be due to the type of treatment. Kidney failure occurs when your kidneys no longer function well enough to meet your body's needs. It is also known as end stage kidney disease (ESKD) or end stage renal disease (ESRD). About 60% to 70% of people with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience pain. And just about all people in the hospital with CKD experience pain as a symptom. This article explores common causes of pain associated with kidney failure. Acute vs. chronic renal failure There are two types of renal failure: acute and chronic. Acute renal failure occurs when the kidneys fail or stop working suddenly. It's common among people receiving treatment in the hospital for other serious health conditions, such as a heart attack or pneumonia. The damage from acute kidney failure may be reversible, and symptoms such as pain may go away following treatment. Causes of pain in renal failure Pain is a common symptom of kidney failure. Some of the causes of pain linked to kidney failure include: Mineral and bone disorder Mineral and bone disorder is a common complication of CKD. It is especially common among people who have kidney failure and receive dialysis. Mineral and bone disorders don't always cause symptoms. But as it progresses, it can cause aching in your bones and joints. Calcific uremic arteriolopathy Also known as calciphylaxis, calcific uremic arteriolopathy (CUA) is a rare but serious condition that occurs among people with ESRD. It causes painful lesions to form on the surface of your skin. CUA is more common among people assigned female at birth who also have other health conditions, such as diabetes and obesity. Peripheral neuropathy CKD and ESRD can damage the nerves that travel from your brain and spinal cord to other areas of your body. This condition is known as peripheral neuropathy. Peripheral neuropathy may trigger changes in sensation, including pins and needles, numbness, and pain in the extremities. Pericardial diseases The pericardium is a thin sac filled with fluid that protects your heart, including the roots of the major blood vessels that stem from your heart. Heart conditions linked to ESRD include: uremic pericarditis pericardial effusion constrictive pericarditis Each condition causes chest pain that feels worse when you inhale. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease Some types of primary kidney disease are associated with increased pain symptoms. In particular, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a genetic condition that causes kidney cysts. Pain is a common symptom. It may be due to: infected, bleeding, or ruptured kidney cysts cyst growth urinary tract infections kidney stones Dialysis Although dialysis is an important treatment, it can also be a source of pain in kidney failure. Some people who undergo dialysis report muscle cramps, bloated abdomen, and pain at the insertion site of the needle. Underlying diseases People with kidney failure are more likely to have coexisting health conditions that may cause pain. Some coexisting health conditions that studies have linked to pain in kidney failure include: diabetic neuropathy ischemic peripheral artery disease osteopenia osteoporosis How to manage pain with renal failure There are many options for managing pain associated with renal failure. Usually, the treatment depends on the cause, type, frequency, and intensity. Talk with your healthcare team if you have pain associated with renal failure. Possible treatments include medication and behavioral and physical therapies. Medications for pain linked to renal failure include: acetaminophen gabapentinoids some opioids, such as buprenorphine or hydromorphone serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) topical analgesics tricyclic antidepressants Many of the above medications will require a doctor to adjust the dose, as renal failure can alter the concentration and effect of the drugs. Some opioids, like codeine and morphine, are not safe for people with CKD. Although research into their effectiveness is limited, other possible treatments for pain linked to renal failure include behavioral and physical interventions, such as: acupuncture biofeedback cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) exercise meditation physical therapy yoga Resources for support Chronic and untreated pain linked to kidney failure can significantly affect your quality of life. It's also linked to symptoms such as depression and anxiety. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides a list of educational resources for people with CKD. The National Kidney Foundation offers a list of care providers, services, and educational materials for people living with kidney disease and their families. The American Kidney Fund offers several financial assistance programs for people who have kidney failure. Takeaway Pain is a common symptom among people with ESRD. Although kidney failure doesn't necessarily cause pain, it is associated with several other complications that do. Pain treatments include medication and behavioral or physical therapy. Your treatment will likely depend on the cause of your pain. A healthcare professional can suggest the best treatment options for you. You can promote good kidney health with a nutritious diet, getting enough sleep, exercising, and seeking treatment for underlying conditions such as diabetes or high blood pressure.
Health Line
12-05-2025
- Health
- Health Line
Choosing Between Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis
For most people, hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are equally effective treatments for end stage renal disease. Factors such as your health, preferences, and the costs may influence your final decision. When kidney disease progresses to the point when your kidneys can no longer function effectively (also known as end stage renal disease, or ESRD), a doctor may recommend dialysis. What a lot of people don't know is that you can choose between different types of dialysis. Hemodialysis is the most common dialysis treatment. But in a 2024 survey, more than half of respondents reported having insufficient knowledge about peritoneal dialysis, a less common but equally effective dialysis option. Keep reading to learn more about the differences between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, the pros and cons of each, and what to consider when making a decision. What does hemodialysis involve? Hemodialysis uses a machine called a dialyzer to filter your blood outside of your body. The dialyzer then returns the filtered blood to your body. People sometimes call a dialyzer an 'artificial kidney' since it does some of the work that healthy kidneys do. Because blood needs to leave and reenter your body, hemodialysis requires an access point. You typically need to undergo a surgical procedure for a doctor to create an access point, most often an arteriovenous (AV) fistula or AV graft, in your arm. If you only need temporary access, they may place a central venous catheter instead. People typically go to a dialysis center for 3- to 4-hour sessions three times a week. However, you can also opt for home hemodialysis, which allows for a more flexible schedule. While on dialysis, you'll also need to adjust your diet, including eating more protein and limiting salt and fluids. A renal dietitian will work with you to ensure you're meeting your nutritional needs. Hemodialysis can also cause side effects like itchy skin and muscle cramps. A potential complication is hypotension (low blood pressure). Some complications are related to the dialyzer itself, such as allergic reactions. Pros of hemodialysis life-preserving treatment you can sustain for years easier if you prefer to have a healthcare professional perform sessions can be done at home if preferred Cons of hemodialysis potentially increased time burden for travel less flexibility in scheduling if you go to a dialysis center challenging for people who have a fear of needles may need to dedicate space in your home for the machine and supplies if you choose home dialysis may require a dialysis partner if you choose home dialysis What does peritoneal dialysis involve? Instead of a dialyzer, peritoneal dialysis uses the lining of your abdomen as a filter. This means filtration takes place inside your body. You'll still require surgery before starting peritoneal dialysis, but instead of creating a fistula or graft in your arm, the surgeon places a catheter in your abdomen. The filtering process involves passing a sterile cleansing fluid into the catheter over 30 to 40 minutes. You then put a cap on the catheter and go about your day. After 4 to 6 hours, you can remove the cap and discard the solution. You do this three to five times a day. People on peritoneal dialysis still need to alter their diet, but they may be able to eat more than people on hemodialysis. Peritoneal dialysis also causes different side effects from hemodialysis, like weight gain and high blood sugar. However, some people may be able to avoid this problem by using nonglucose-based solutions, like icodextrin. The most significant complications are hernia and peritonitis, a bacterial infection of the abdominal lining. Proper technique and care of the catheter equipment can help prevent this. Continuous vs. automated peritoneal dialysis You can choose from one of two types of peritoneal dialysis. The procedure described above — continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) — doesn't require a machine. You may also opt for automated peritoneal dialysis (APD), which uses a machine to perform the exchanges while you sleep. People who elect peritoneal dialysis often undergo a peritoneal equilibrium test to help determine how often they need to perform exchanges and whether CAPD or APD may be a better fit. Pros of peritoneal dialysis typically as effective as hemodialysis greater flexibility in when and where you can perform dialysis doesn't require needles CAPD doesn't require a machine may be able to eat more than with hemodialysis can control fluid intake more regularly usually cheaper than hemodialysis may take less time overall when you account for appointments, travel, etc. Cons of peritoneal dialysis requires training to perform dialysis on your own performed every day, so you don't have days off more prone to user error requires ongoing care of catheter equipment need to dedicate storage space at home for supplies and fluids challenging for people with severe obesity or previous abdominal surgeries What are the key differences between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis? Some of the key differences between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are as follows: Hemodialysis Peritoneal dialysis How it works a machine filters your blood your abdominal lining filters your blood Access point AV fistula, AV graft, or catheter for vascular access in your arm catheter in your abdomen Location dialysis center or home home Frequency and duration • in a center: 3 times a week for 3 to 4 hours • at home: flexible, but 3 to 7 times a week for 2 to 5 hours • CAPD: varies, depending on the results of a peritoneal equilibrium test • APD: overnight Side effects and risks • fatigue • itchy skin • muscle cramps • low blood pressure • blood loss • blood clots • infections • dialyzer reactions • fatigue • high blood sugar • weight gain • hernia • peritonitis • blood clots Dietary guidelines • limit sodium, potassium, and phosphorus • limit fluid intake • increase protein same as for hemodialysis but may have fewer restrictions What factors should you consider when choosing between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis? For most people, choosing the type of dialysis may come down to personal preference and what suits your lifestyle best. You may need to consider your: life and work schedule social support network ability to travel comfort level with performing the procedure on your own home situation and ability to safely keep equipment and supplies financial resources Even after you make your choice, you can still change it later. You can't undergo hemodialysis if a doctor can't securely access a vein. Some medical conditions may also prevent you from choosing a specific type of dialysis. You likely can't undergo hemodialysis if you have: a bleeding disorder heart failure fear of needles Likewise, a doctor won't recommend peritoneal dialysis if you have: an uncorrected hernia in your abdominal wall a pleuroperitoneal shunt, which is a medical device that relieves fluid buildup in the pleural space scar tissue in your abdomen from a previous surgery Which is more effective: Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis? Although hemodialysis is much more common than peritoneal dialysis, both are equally effective. A 2018 study concluded that the two techniques were comparable in prolonging survival. A 2023 study even found that peritoneal dialysis may be more effective in: maintaining stable blood pressure and heart rate reducing blood pressure clearing molecules like urea and albumin from the blood protecting residual kidney function However, the type of dialysis that will be most effective for you will depend on your specific health situation. How much do hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis cost? The amount you pay for a dialysis session depends on whether you have insurance, the type of insurance, and what your insurance covers. Most people who need dialysis qualify for Medicare, regardless of age. Medicare covers 80% of treatment costs for either hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Your Medicare coverage typically starts on the first day of the fourth month of dialysis but can be backdated to the first month if you choose home dialysis and meet specific conditions.
Time of India
22-04-2025
- Health
- Time of India
AIIMS Raipur performs Chhattisgarh's 1st swap kidney transplant
1 2 Raipur: In a landmark medical feat, AIIMS Raipur has become the first among the newer AIIMS institutes and the first government hospital in Chhattisgarh to successfully perform a Swap Kidney Transplant , also known as Kidney Paired Donation (KPD). This achievement marks a major step forward in advanced renal care for the region. Swap transplants are designed for patients with willing but incompatible kidney donors—due to mismatched blood types or HLA antibodies—by pairing them with another incompatible duo. The donor from each pair gives a kidney to the recipient from the other pair, ensuring compatibility and successful transplantation. In this case, two patients from Bilaspur, aged 39 and 41, had been on dialysis for three years. Their wives offered to donate kidneys but were found incompatible. However, a successful swap was arranged: the first pair had blood groups B+ and O+, and the second O+ and B+. The surgeries took place on March 15, 2025, and all four individuals are recovering well under close supervision in the Transplant ICU. Dr Vinay Rathore said that nearly half of potential kidney donors are rejected due to incompatibility. He stated, "Swap transplants are a lifeline for patients who have willing but incompatible donors. Timely transplant offers improved survival and quality of life than dialysis for ESRD patients. A meticulous matching and planning is required for the swap transplant. It also requires special approval from SOTTO, Chhattisgarh, and is permitted only between close relatives of the patient. NOTTO recently directed all states on 16 April 2025, to implement swap organ transplants so that the benefits of transplant can reach those patients who face biological incompatibility with their prospective donor". by Taboola by Taboola Sponsored Links Sponsored Links Promoted Links Promoted Links You May Like Free P2,000 GCash eGift UnionBank Credit Card Apply Now Undo Dr Amit Sharma, HoD of Urology, highlighted the complexity of such surgeries. Unlike standard transplants, swap procedures demand months of coordination and the simultaneous operation of four OTs with dedicated teams to prevent donor withdrawal. The multidisciplinary team included Drs. Vinay Rathore, Amit R Sharma, Deepak Biswal, Satyadeo Sharma, Subrat Singha, Mayank, Jitendra, and Sarita Ramchandani. Lt Gen Ashok Jindal (Retd), Executive Director and CEO of AIIMS Raipur, lauded and congratulated the team for this pioneering effort, especially amid the scarcity of nephrologists and urologists. He also announced the upcoming inauguration of a 20-bed Renal Transplant Unit to further strengthen advanced kidney care in the state. He appealed to patients to approach AIIMS Raipur primarily for treatments not available at smaller centres, to help manage patient load and ensure focused specialist care.
Time of India
21-04-2025
- Health
- Time of India
Dialysis most availed of treatment under PMJAY
NEW DELHI: Dialysis has emerged as the most sought-after treatment under Ayushman Bharat-PM Jan Arogya Yojana. In the past six years since the central health scheme was launched, data shows more than 64 lakh patients have undergone the procedure. Tamil Nadu has carried out 7.3 lakh dialysis cycles, according to latest data uploaded by National Health Authority, implementing agency for AB-PMJAY, on its website. Madhya Pradesh is next at 5.4 lakh, followed by Uttar Pradesh (5L) and Gujarat (3.4L). ' Kidney failure is a chronic problem' Dialysis is provided free of cost to people under the scheme that offers an annual cover of Rs 5L a family for secondary and tertiary care hospitalisation. Senior citizens are eligible for the scheme irrespective of their economic status. Every year, about 2.2 lakh new patients of End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) get added in India resulting in additional demand for 3.4 crore dialysis every year. The cost of dialysis varies, with a typical per-session cost ranging from Rs 1,000 to Rs 5,000. 'Kidney failure is a chronic problem and patients suffering from the condition require undergoing dialysis twice weekly for survival. That's why the number of this procedure is so high,' Dr Shuchin Bajaj, founder director of Ujala Cygnus group of hospitals said. He added that diabetes is a leading cause of kidney failure and preventing or delaying its onset could help reduce risk of chronic kidney disease and, therefore, the need for dialysis. 'We also need to boost infrastructure and design policy to increase kidney transplants which can help such patients avoid dialysis,' Dr Bajaj added. The health ministry also runs 'Pradhan Mantri National Dialysis Program' (PMNDP) to make dialysis services available for free to the poor. Apart from dialysis, NHA data shows AB-PMJAY is utilised by the beneficiaries for procedures such as cataract removal, angioplasty, and caesarean deliveries.
